RANDOLPH IB MIDDLE SCHOOLMR. HARDY

UNIT 2

The Roman Empire

Geography

Rome, ITALY Peninsula in

southern Europe Looks like a

high-heeled boot in the Mediterranean

Rome was built on seven hills for defense.

The Early Republic

Government Republic- people elect leaders to govern them. Created by the

Romans in 509 BC. Yearly elections Keeps one person from becoming too powerful Not a democracy. Only the wealthy and powerful could be elected.

Challenges from Outside Rome was at war for 50 years when they became a Republic. Cincinnatus gained power in 458 BC though he was a farmer. He

quickly defeated his enemy and returned to his farm.Challenges from Inside

Plebeians – common people who called for changes in the government

Patricians – powerful nobles who ran Rome Plebeians formed a council and elected their own officials.

Government

Tripartite Government Magistrates and Consuls

Magistrates- elected officials Consuls- two most powerful magistrates who ran the city

and the army Why do you think the Romans had TWO consuls?

Senate- a council of wealthy and powerful Romans Assemblies and Tribunes

Two branches with both patricians and plebeians

Government

Checks and BalancesCivic DutyForumVeto

“I forbid.” Power held by the tribunes

Written Law Why did many people want a written law code?

The Roman Forum

The Late Republic

Growth of Territory Grew in response to threat Roman controlled all of the Italian peninsula except far

north Defeated by the Gauls Successful organization of Army – Legions

Punic Wars Series of wars against Carthage Rome won! 20 years of fighting Romans took control of Sicily Rome took control of Spain and North Africa as well In the 120s, Rome had also conquered Greece and parts of

Asia

The End of the Republic

Casear Comes to power with Pompey and Crassus Dictator for life

He was beloved by the citizens Killed by Senate

Marc Antony and Octavian Punish for Caesar’s death

Octavian becomes Emperor Marc Antony divorces Octavia Marries Cleopatra Civil War

Augustus Octavian

Caesar

Marc Antony

Rome’s Growing Empire

Augustus and proceeding Emperors conquered territory to expand the empire Control hostile neighbors Gain control of gold Farmland

Roman conquests promoted trade The Roman Roads

Territory Gaul, Central Europe, most of Britain, Asia Minor,

Mesopotamia, eastern coast of the Mediterranean, and coast of North Africa

Roman Empire and Religion

Religious Tolerance Polytheistic

Freedom of WorshipClashes with the JewsRise of Christianity

Monotheistic Fear of unrest caused by the new faith Persecution against Christians Constantine removed the ban Later became Rome’s official religion

GREEN – Christian areas, 200 ADYELLOW- Christian areas, 400 AD

Accomplishments

Science and Engineering Aqueducts

Architecture Copied the Greeks

Art Frescoes Sculpture

Literature

Language Latin and the Romance Languages + English?????

The Fall of Rome

Inside Forces Germanic farmers Disease & famine Increase in taxes

Outside Forces Germanic tribes in the north Persians in the east

Division of the Empire Diocletian Constantine

Decline of Rome

Early InvasionsGothsAttila the HunFall of the Western Empire

Vast SizeCorruptionTrade Deficits

Byzantine Empire

Eastern EmpireJustinian

Italy and the MediterraneanNon-Roman influencesGreekOttoman Turks

Captured Constantinople Eastern Empire Falls

Christianity Orthodox Church

Assignment

Creating an Intelligence Report Rome was sacked by barbarians in 476 AD. Imagine

that you are a barbarian spy sent to Rome to find its weaknesses. Write an intelligence report on your findings.

Review the material on the late Roman Empire discussed in class . Decide the major issues for the fall of the Roman Empire.

Use the Intelligence Report worksheet to organize your findings.

Be sure your report is neat and clear and the information is appropriate and accurate.

Reflection