ranking of energy solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security

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Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security. Mark Z. Jacobson Atmosphere/Energy Program Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering Stanford University. Lifecycle CO 2 e of Electricity Sources. Low Estimate. High Estimate. g-CO 2 e/kWh. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security
Page 2: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Mark Z. Jacobson

Atmosphere/Energy Program

Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Stanford University

Page 3: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Lifecycle CO2e of Electricity Sources

Low Estimate High Estimate

Page 4: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

CO2e From Current Power Mix due to Planning-to-Operation Delays, Relative to Wind

Low Estimate High Estimate

Page 5: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Total CO2e of Electricity Sources

Low Estimate High Estimate

Page 6: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Low/High U.S. Air Pollution Deaths/yr For 2020 Upon Conversion of U.S. Vehicle Fleet

Low Estimate High EstimateNuclear Terrorism or War

WindBEV

WindHFCV

CSPBEV

PVBEV

GeoBEV

TidalBEV

WaveBEV

HydroBEV

NuclearBEV

CCSBEV

CornE85

CellE85

Gasoline

Page 7: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security
Page 8: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security
Page 9: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Area to Power 100% of U.S. Onroad Vehicles

Cellulosic E854.7-35.4% of US

Solar PV-BEV0.077-0.18%

Corn E859.8-17.6% of US

Wind-BEVFootprint 1-2.8 km2

Turbine spacing 0.35-0.7% of US

Geoth BEV0.006-0.008%

Nuclear-BEV0.05-0.062%Footprint 33% of total; the rest is buffer

Page 10: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Matching Hourly Summer 2020 Electricity Demand with 100% Renewables (No Change in Hydro)

Total Demand

Geothermal

Wind

Solar

Hydro

Page 11: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

World Wind Speeds at 100m

-180 -90 0 18090

0

-90

90

6

2

10

4

8

All wind worldwide: 1700 TW;All wind over land in high-wind areas outside Antarctica ~ 70-170 TWWorld power demand 2030: 16.9 TW

Annual wind speed 100 m above topography (m/s) (global: 7.0; land: 6.1; sea: 7.3)

Page 12: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security

Overall Ranking

Electric PowerRecommended

1. Wind2. CSP3. Geothermal4. Tidal5. PV6. Wave7. Hydroelectricity

Not Recommended

8. Nuclear

9. Coal-CCS

Vehicle PowerRecommended

1. Wind – BEVs

2. Wind – HFCVs3. CSP – BEVs4. Geothermal – BEVs5. Tidal – BEVs6. PV – BEVs7. Wave – BEVs8. Hydro – BEVs

Not Recommended

9. Nuclear – BEVs

10. Coal-CCS – BEVs

11. Corn ethanol

12. Cellulosic ethanol

Cleanest solutions to global warming, air pollution, energy security

Page 13: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security
Page 14: Ranking of Energy Solutions to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security