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Anatomy/Dissection NotesExternal Rat Features to Identify-

nose

nostrils

nictitating membrane- 3rd eyelid for extra protection

pinnae- external ears

anus

tail

Abdominal Cavity- the first one opened

Organ Location Features Function

liver directly inferior to ribcage

layered, somewhathard

produces bile*bile breaks down

fat

stomach inferior to the liver,on the right side if

you are looking at it

rugae- folds insidestomach

*mechanical diges-tion- rugae

*chemical digestion-acids and enzymes

spleen directly inferior tothe liver, on theright hand side ifyou are looking at it

looks somewhat likeliver, but muchsmaller

removesdamaged/worn outred blood cells, de-stroys some bacteriaand invasive sub-stances

pancreas near stomach membrane-like produces enzymesused in the small in-

testine and alkalinefluid, which neutral-izes stomach acid asit enters the smallintestine

small intestine inferior to stomach very long, small di-ameter

1) finish digestionthat didnt happenin stomach (seeHeintz notes)

2) absorb nutri-

ents into blood-stream (villi)

cecum connects small andlarge intestines

X connects small andlarge intestines

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Organ Location Features Function

large intestine after cecum on di-gestive tract

nowhere near aslong as small intes-tine, larger diame-ter, looks like thesausage thing be-cause of fecal mate-rial

absorbs water

kidneys very back of cavity,behind liver, stom-ach, intestines etc

looks like kidneybean

removes waste fromblood that is then ex-creted in urine

adrenal gland superior to kidney triangular shaped produces hormones

Thoracic Cavity- the second one opened

Organ Location Features Function

diaphragm very bottom of cavi-ty

thin membrane 1) separates tho-racic and abdomi-nal cavities

2) works lungs,aids in breathing

trachea runs down back of cavity

ridged*ridges hold it

open

windpipe

lungs bilateral to the heart squishy, shiny,smaller than liver

exchange of O2 andCO2

heart center of cavity four chambers1) left ventricle-

largest chamber,does the mostwork, located incore of the heart

2) right ventricle-other side ofheart, not as mus-

cular as left3) atria (left and

right)- flaplikethings on the topof the heart, tellwhich is which byusing ventricles

pumps bloodthroughout the body

Rat Reproductive Organs

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Female Male

1) Y-shaped uterus enables them to havelitters, not just one/two kids

1) penis located inside body for protec-tion

2) testis- produces sperm3) epidymis- stores sperm4) vas deferens- transports sperm