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Ratings Bureau

Rating Regulations

Adopted at the 01 February 2018 Chess SA AGM.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Following are the Rules and Regulations for the calculation and updating of South African

ratings and performance ratings, which will come into force on 01 January 2018.

1.2 In this document, any gender reference (e.g. his, him, etc.) also refer to the female equivalent.

1.3 These regulations are the only and official regulations which determine the manner in

which South African ratings are managed and calculated and these Regulations

overwrite any regulations existing elsewhere in whatever/whichever form and/or

format.

2 DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

2.1 Definitions

2.1.1 Event: A competition where players participate in one or more sections, and is

Chess SA and/or FIDE rated.

2.1.2 Section: Sub-group of an event, and is Chess SA and/or FIDE rated.

2.1.3 Province: One of the 9 provinces of the Republic of South Africa.

2.1.4 Region: An area within a Province and which is a member of that Provincial Body,

functions independently from other Regions within the same Provincial

Body, and which have been constituted by Chess SA.

2.2 Abbreviations

2.2.1 Chess SA: Chess South Africa.

2.2.2 AOC: Arbiters and Organisers Commission.

2.2.3 FIDE: Federation Internationale des Echecs.

2.2.4 RSA: Republic of South Africa.

3 ARBITERS AT TOURNAMENTS

3.1 During each and every round of an event, a qualified arbiter (as approved by the AOC and/or

FIDE) must be present (in an appointed capacity) for the duration of the round.

3.2 A RSA arbiter officiating at an event (regardless of where the event is held) must have paid his

AOC membership fees for the year in which the event is hosted and must have done so before

the start of the event, otherwise the tournament will not be rated.

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3.3 Excluding Club events, no arbiter will be allowed to participate in an event (not even as a filler)

where he has been appointed in an official capacity, otherwise the event will not be rated.

4 EVENTS TO BE RATED

4.1 Events played within the borders of RSA.

4.2 Events played outside the borders of RSA

Must comply with the regulations stated within this document. It will be the responsibility of the

player (or team manager) who participated in such an event to submit his results of the event

(preferably a link to a website where his results can be obtained and verified) no later than 21

calendar days after the event has ended otherwise the event will not be accepted for rating and

will not count towards the updating of his rating, activity and calculation of performance rating

for Grand Prix Points. Once details of the event have been submitted and processed, it may not

be unrated upon request by either a player, team manager or anyone else.

4.3 The Ratings Committee reserves the right to refuse to rate an event (or one or more sections of

that event) regardless if the event was played within/outside the borders of RSA. In the event of

refusal to rate and event (or section/s) the Ratings Committee will provide reasons why the event

(or section/s) is not to be rated. The aggrieved party may appeal this decision (lodge an appeal

with Chess SA) but no later than 21 calendar days after receiving notification of refusal.

4.4 The Ratings Committee reserves the right to rate any event (regardless of where it was played)

that was not submitted for rating purposes and/or registered to be rated.

5 EVENT DETAILS REQUIRED

The following information must be indicated in each tournament file. Files without these details will not

be processed and sent back to the relevant region for updating the files and submitting them again.

5.1 Event/Section details

5.1 Complete event name, including section name (if applicable).

5.2 Start and end dates of the event/section.

5.3 Date on which each round was played.

5.4 Code of the region physically hosting the event.

5.5 Name, surname and Chess SA id of the Chief Organiser.

5.2 Player details

5.2.1 Surname, Initials and First name (no nicknames).

5.2.2 Date of birth (but at least indicating the year-of-birth).

5.2.3 Gender.

5.2.4 Chess SA id (where applicable).

5.2.5 Code of the region the player is a member of. If no code is provided, the player will be

assigned the code of the host region.

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5.3 Arbiter details

5.3.1 Name and surname (no nicknames).

5.3.2 Chess SA id number.

5.3.3 Title.

5.3.4 The names of the arbiters must be indicated in order of appointed position. The 1st name

must be the Chief Arbiter, the 2nd and 3rd names the Deputy Chief Arbiters, then all other

arbiters.

6 AGE GROUPS

A player’s age (and thus age group) is calculated by subtracting his year-of-birth (regardless of

the day-on and month-in which he was born) from the year in which the FIDE event (for which he

qualifies or is to qualify) is hosted.

Example 1: A player was born in 2006. The FIDE event will be hosted in 2018. His age is 12 (2018-

2006). His age group is U12.

Example 2: A player was born in 2005. The FIDE event will be hosted in 2018. His age is 13 (2018-

2005). His age group is U14.

7 NUMBER OF PLAYERS & ROUNDS PER SECTION

A section of an event will only be rated if:

7.1 For Individual Swiss-, Individual Single Round-Robin- and Team- sections (Swiss and Round-

Robin): there are at least 6 players participating AND at least 5 rounds are completed.

7.2 For Individual Double Round-Robin sections: there are at least 4 players participating AND at

least 6 rounds are completed.

7.3 For Team Scheveningen sections: there are at least 5 players per team participating AND at

least 5 rounds are completed.

7.4 For disabled (e.g. Braille) events (or sections) only (regardless of format): there are at least 6

players participating AND at least 4 rounds are completed.

Organisers, arbiters, etc. must always try to ensure that all points (above) are adhered to,

even if it means merging age and/or gender groups, etc. However, if this is/was not

possible (e.g. there were only 5 players in the Section due to a player withdrawing before

the start of the tournament), the Chief Organiser and/or Chief Arbiter must contact the

Ratings Bureau no later than 1 (ONE) calendar day after the event has ended asking

permission if the affected section(s) can be rated. If granted, each Province (if the event is

organised via the Provincial Committee), Region (if the event is organised via the Regional

Committee) or Chess Academy (as recognised by and in good standing with CHESS SA) will

only be granted 1 (ONE) such request per year. NB! The sections must still have at least 5

rounds.

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8 TIME CONTROL AND TYPE OF RATING

8.1 The time control for a game is defined as: the base time (original time on the clock) plus 60

times any increment per move.

8.2 There are 3 types of ratings. The minimum time control for each is:

8.2.1 Standard: At least 60 minutes per player.

8.2.2 Rapid: At least 10 minutes but less than 60 minutes per player.

8.2.3 Blitz: Anything less than 10 minutes per player.

8.3 For u8 sections only (all players in that section is u8), the minimum time control for Standard

ratings will be 30 minutes per player.

8.4 Where a section has multiple time controls for different rounds, they must all fall within the same

rating type. If not, then the fastest of these will be used to determine the type of rating to be

updated.

9 K-FACTOR

9.1 K-factor is a number which determines the degree (by how much) a player’s rating will change.

The higher the K-factor, the greater the rating change (and vice versa).

9.2 An unrated player does not have a K-factor and it is only determined once he receives his first

official rating.

9.3 A player’s K-factor (standard rating only and applicable for the whole event) depends on his

activity and is based on his number of games (standard only) played during the past year where

a year is calculated as the date of his first game played in a tournament minus 365 days.

Example: If a player participates in an event and the date of the first game he plays is

2017/07/18, then the “one year cycle” (which is then used to calculate his number of games

played) is from 2016/07/17 to 2017/07/17.

9.4 The formula for K is the following:

𝐾 = (𝐿 × 700

𝐺 + 𝑁) × (1 − 0.01

1𝐿)

or

𝐾 = (8400

𝐺 + 𝑁) × (1 − 0.01

112)

where: K = K-factor (rounded to 1 decimal place).

K may never be more than 50. If so then it’s set equal to 50.

K may never be less than 10. If so then it’s set equal to 10.

L = Number of rating lists published per year (in this case it’s 12).

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N = Number of games played in the one-year cycle.

G = Base value depending on number of historical games (H) played (excluding N).

- If H>=31 → G=80.

- If 21<=H<=30 → G=70.

- If 11<=H<=29 → G=60.

- If 0<H<=10 → G=50.

- Regardless of H, G is automatically set at 80 if a player’s highest rating achieved has

been at least 1500.

9.5 Rapid ratings: K=30 (regardless of a player’s rating and activity).

9.6 Blitz ratings: K=40 (regardless of a player’s rating and activity).

10 RATING FLOOR

10.1 No player’s rating will be allowed to drop below 500. If it does then it will be adjusted to

500.

10.2 No player’s performance rating will be allowed to drop below 500. If it does then it will be

adjusted to 500.

11 80% RULE

11.1 A player will only gain rating points, a performance rating (applicable for Grand prix) and

possible Weighed Performance Rating if he has played at least 80% (rounded upwards) of the

total number of scheduled section rounds.

Meaning, if the player’s rating change is positive, he will only receive these points if he has

played at least 80% of the total number of rounds, otherwise not.

11.2 If a player’s rating change is negative, he will be rated, regardless of the number of

games/rounds he has played.

11.3 Rounds where a player won on default (opponent did not arrive in time for the game) or

received a bye (as determined by the pairing software), will not be rated (not taken into

account for updating rating) but taken into account for activity (number of rounds played in

that tournament).

11.4 Games where the player won on default. These games will count towards calculation of his

tournament performance rating as if they were “real games”. Games where a player lost

on default will not count towards activity and calculation of tournament performance

rating.

11.5 The 80% rule is not applicable to team events/sections when a player will be rated

regardless of the number of games played. However, the player’s tournament performance

will only be calculated (and applicable for Grand Prix) if he has played at least 50% (rounded

upwards) of the total number of rounds.

11.6 Excluding round 1, any player who defaults a game (did not inform the Chief Organiser and/or

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Chief Arbiter that he will not be participating in that round) and also including players arriving

late for a game, will have 20 rating points deducted for each such game/round. This will not

affect the opponent (who will not be rated and receive rating points for that game).

11.7 Any player who withdraws from the event without informing the Chief Organiser and/or Chief

Arbiter in writing, and without a valid reason (according to the Chief Organiser and/or Chief

Arbiter) will have 20 rating points deducted for that round and each subsequent round, even

though the player is not participating in the event anymore.

12 ACTIVITY

The following games will count towards activity (number of games played) for the purpose of updating

ratings and Grand Prix standings:

12.1 Games vs. rated/unrated opponents.

12.2 Games where a player won on/by default.

12.3 Games where a player received a bye (as determined by the pairing software – for activity

only).

Games where a player did not play (gave notice of absence) and/or lost by default (did not

arrive on time for the game or was not present for the game) and/or requested a ½-point

bye, will not count towards activity, updating of rating and calculation of performance

rating.

13 FIRST OFFICIAL RATING FOR AN UNRATED PLAYER

13.1 A player will receive his first official (initial) rating (and K-factor) as soon as he has

played 5+ games (per rating type).

13.2 All games, regardless if the opponents are rated or not, will count towards the calculation of

his first rating.

13.3 If he plays 5+ games in his first tournament, then all these games will be used to calculate his

initial rating.

13.4 His initial rating will be set equal to his performance rating for that tournament (based on his

first 5+ games) and is calculated using the performance formula (see below).

14 GAMES VS UNRATED OPPONENTS

14.1 Rated/Unrated vs. Unrated

Games against unrated players will be taken into consideration for the updating of ratings,

calculation of performance ratings and activity.

14.2 An unrated player will first be assigned a temporary rating which is equal to his tournament

performance rating. This temporary rating will then be used for all calculation purposes.

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15 ACCEPTANCE OF EVENTS FOR RATING

Each region must have one appointed Regional Administrator who will be tasked with the following.

Only events complying with the points below will be accepted for the updating of ratings and

calculation of performances (for Junior and Senior Grand Prix Points). When uploading a

tournament file, the Region acknowledges that all information indicated in the file is 100%

correct.

15.1 Each event must be registered via the CHESSA website at least the following

number of days before the start of the event. Events which have been registered late or not

registered at all will be subjected to a penalty fee (see below).

15.1.1 CHESSA rated only: 3 days

15.1.2 FIDE (no player norms available) & CHESSA rated: 9 days

15.1.3 FIDE (player norms available) & CHESSA rated: 32 days

15.1.4 For all FIDE rated events/sections, the appropriate documentation (as provided by

the CHESS SA Qualifications Commission) must be completed and submitted to the

CHESS SA Ratings Bureau and CHESS SA Qualifications Committee no later than

the number of days before the start of the event/section, as per these documents.

PLEASE NOTE: FIDE does NOT accept any events/sections that are

registered late. They also do NOT accept any changes made to

event/section details once the event/section has started (e.g. arbiters,

organisers, time controls, etc.). It is thus IMPORTANT that all Organisers

make sure that the data they supply are CORRECT as changes cannot be

made at a later stage.

15.2 Once the event has finished, the event files (file per section) must be uploaded to the CHESS

SA website within 14 days after the event has ended to avoid any penalty fees (see below).

No events submitted via email or any other way, except for uploading, will be accepted unless

permission has been granted by the Ratings Bureau.

15.3 All event files must be uploaded together (same session) so that they can all be incorporated

into the same rating list. If submitted in different rating periods, then they will all be

incorporated into the latter rating period.

CHESS SA INSTRUCTIONS 15.4 Events that are submitted late distort the accuracy of the rating system, especially if they are

submitted in a latter month to the month in which the event was hosted. This causes unfair

rating changes (increase/decrease) and too-high/too-low performance ratings of the players,

which affect their positions on the various Grand Prix lists.

15.5 The following penalties (in the form of a financial penalty), as decided by Chess SA

Management Committee, will be applied to all events that are submitted late. The number of

days indicated below refers to the number of days after the event has ended. The penalty

indicates the amount to be paid PER PLAYER THAT PARTICIPATED (any player who has played

at least 1 game in the event, excluding players who received a Bye/Default-win in round 1 but

subsequently withdrew).

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15.5.1 Submitted 0-14 days: No penalty

15.5.2 Submitted 15-21 days: R10/player




15.5.6 Submitted 43+ days: WILL NOT BE RATED

15.6 Any Province, Region or Chess Academy who submits events late, will be contacted and an

invoice will be sent to the relevant Body. Any such penalty will also be loaded to the Region’s

online account. The Body must do the following:

15.6.1 deposit the fee into the CHESS SA bank account, and

15.6.2 submit proof of payment to the CHESS SA Financial Director and CHESS SA Ratings

Bureau no later than 7 calendar days after receiving the invoice otherwise the event

will be unrated.

15.7 Any event which is registered contrary to Point 15.1 above or which was not registered at

all, will incur an additional “Late Registration Penalty”/”Not Registered Penalty” of R500

which must be paid into the CHESS SA bank account before submitting the event for rating.

Proof of payment must be sent to the CHESS SA Financial Director and the CHESS SA Ratings

Bureau, otherwise the event will not be rated.

16 CHANGES MADE TO SECTIONS ALREADY RATED

16.1 Making changes to sections already rated necessitates un-rating and rerating the section. It is

not a problem if the changes are made to sections which are still to be incorporated into the

next published rating list as it does not affect current published ratings.

16.2 No changes will be made (e.g. correcting player results, removing penalty rating

points, etc.) once a section has been incorporated into the new rating list. It is the

responsibility of the Chief Arbiter, Chief Organiser and Regional Administrator to

ensure that all data is 100% correct before the files are uploaded to be rated.

17 HOW UNRATED PLAYERS WILL BE TREATED BEFORE RATING A SECTION

17.1 Before a section is rated, all unrated players will be assigned a temporary rating which will be

200 less than the highest rated player in that section but capped at 1000 (max) and 500

(min). This is not an official rating and is only used to calculate the temporary performance

ratings of other unrated players.

17.2 Calculate the temporary performance rating (see performance rating calculation below) of an

unrated player by taking into account the rating of his rated opponents and the temporary

value of his unrated opponents. The temporary performance rating calculated this way will

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then be used to update the ratings and calculate the actual tournament performance ratings of

all players.

18 CALCULATE THE PERFORMANCE RATING FOR A PLAYER SCORING >0% AND <100%

The following table is used:

Table 1

% Dp % Dp % Dp % Dp % Dp % Dp

100 MAF 83 +273 66 +117 49 -7 32 -133 15 -296

99 +677 82 +262 65 +110 48 -14 31 -141 14 -309

98 +589 81 +251 64 +102 47 -21 30 -149 13 -322

97 +538 80 +240 63 +95 46 -29 29 -158 12 -336

96 +501 79 +230 62 +87 45 -36 28 -166 11 -351

95 +470 78 +220 61 +80 44 -43 27 -175 10 -366

94 +444 77 +211 60 +72 43 -50 26 -184 9 -383

93 +422 76 +202 59 +65 42 -57 25 -193 8 -401

92 +401 75 +193 58 +57 41 -65 24 -202 7 -422

91 +383 74 +184 57 +50 40 -72 23 -211 6 -444

90 +366 73 +175 56 +43 39 -80 22 -220 5 -470

89 +351 72 +166 55 +36 38 -87 21 -230 4 -501

88 +336 71 +158 54 +29 37 -95 20 -240 3 -538

87 +322 70 +149 53 +21 36 -102 19 -251 2 -589

86 +309 69 +141 52 +14 35 -110 18 -262 1 -677

85 +296 68 +133 51 +7 34 -117 17 -273 0 MAF

84 +284 67 +125 50 0 33 -125 16 -284

18.1 Calculate the player’s % score (taking into account actual games played and games won on

default).

18.2 Calculate his average opponent rating (AOR).

18.3 Find Dp in Table 1.

18.4 Calculate his performance by adding Dp to his AOR (Performance = Dp + AOR).

Example 1:

A player scores 5.5/7.

% = 79

AOR = 1500

Dp = +230

Performance = 1500+230 = 1730

Example 2:

A player scores 1/6.

% = 17

AOR = 1500

Dp = -273

Performance = 1500-273 = 1227

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19 CALCULATING THE PERFORMANCE RATING OF A PLAYER SCORING 0% OR 100% (MAF)

The following formula is used:

𝑃 =𝑇𝑜𝑟 + 𝑅

𝑛 + 1− 400 [

𝐿𝑛 (𝑛 + 1

𝑠 + 0.5− 1)

𝐿𝑛10] 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 =

𝑇𝑜𝑟 + 𝑅

𝑛 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

𝑛 + 1

𝑠 + 0.5− 1)

where: P = performance rating

Tor = Total opponent rating

R = Player’s own rating (or temporary performance for unrated players)

n = Number of games played (including default wins and Bye)

s = Score achieved (including default wins and Bye)

Example 1:

A player’s is rated 2000 and scores 5/5 against opponents rated 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700 and 1800.


𝑛 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

𝑛 + 1

𝑠 + 0.5− 1)

=1400 + 1500 + 1600 + 1700 + 1800 + 2000

5 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

5 + 1

5 + 0.5− 1)

= 1666.67 + 416.56

= 2083

Example 2:

Same as example 1 except that the player scores 0/5.

=1400 + 1500 + 1600 + 1700 + 1800 + 2000

5 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

5 + 1

0 + 0.5− 1)

= 1666.67 − 416.56

= 1250

20 DIFFERENCE IN RATING

For updating of ratings only. For performances, the actual opponent ratings are used.

20.1 The rating difference (D) is the difference between the player’s own rating and that of his

opponent. Thus, D = Rating (player) - Rating (opponent)

20.2 For the higher rated player, D may not be more than 392 (if it is, set it to 392). Thus, treat

the opponent as if he was rated only 392 rating points less than the player himself.

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20.3 For the lower rated player, D may not be less than -736 (if it is, set it to -736). Thus, treat

the opponent as if he was rated only 736 points higher than the player himself.

21 WEIGHED PERFORMANCE RATING (WPR)

21.1 After a section has been rated, a player’s weighed performance will be calculated based on his

tournament just completed and his 4 previous events (thus 5 events in total).

21.2 Only events where a player has participated in 100% of the rounds will be

considered.

21.3 The WPR of a new player can only be calculated once he has completed his 5th tournament.

21.4 If a player’s WPR is higher than his current rating (Rc), then his Rc will be set equal to his WPR

but only up to a maximum of 200 points. Thus, WPR – Rc may not be greater than 200. If his

WPR is lower than his Rc, then his Rc will not be affected.

21.5 WPR is calculated using the following formula:

𝑊𝑃𝑅 =∑ [𝑃𝑖 × (6 − 𝑖) × 𝑄𝑖]

5𝑖=1

15

where: WPR = Weighed Performance Rating

P = Tournament performance

i = the number of the tournament, with 1 being the most recent and 5

the last.

Q = Depreciation factor and depends on the age of the event, where age

is the difference in days between the current date (the event is

processed/rated) and the end-date of the event.

Q = 1.0 when 0<=age<=121

Q = 0.99 when 122<=age<=243

Q = 0.98 when 244<=age<=365

Q = 0.97 when 366<=age<=486

Q = 0.96 when 487<=age<=608

Q = 0.95 when 609<=age

21.6 A player’s rating will be adjusted to his WPR (if applicable) even in the middle of a rating

period. This new rating will be used for his next event (even within the same month) and then

be updated based on his rating changes for any events played in the same month.

22 WHEN NEW RATINGS ARE CALCULATED

22.1 Ratings will be updated based on the events received for that month and the database

updated

22.1.1 during the month when unrated players are assigned their new ratings, and

22.1.2 during the month when rated players are assigned their WPR, and

22.1.3 on the first day of the next calendar month when all ratings are updated.

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22.2 As soon as a new player has played his 5th+ game, the system will automatically

calculate the player’s new rating upon rating the event. The database is updated as soon as a

section has been rated. The next event rated, where that player participates in, will use his

newly calculated rating.

Example: An unrated player plays his 5th+ game on the 7th of the month and receives an

official rating of 750. He also participates in an event on the 14th of the same month. When

rating the 2nd event, his 750 rating will be used to calculate rating changes and tournament

performance ratings, even if both events are submitted on the same day.

NB! It is important for Tournament Organisers and Chief Arbiters to download the

ratings database as close as possible to the start of the event or just before the

pairings for round 1 are calculated and published so as to ensure fair pairings and

results.

22.3 For rated players: A player’s rating (as published on the first day of the month) will be used

to calculate his total rating change for that month, regardless of the number of events he has

participated in. However, if the player receives a WPR then this WPR will be used to calculate

his rating change for all other events within the same month.

Example: If the player’s rating is 1500, then 1500 will be used to calculate his rating change

for each event played that month provided he does not receive a WPR.

22.4 All ratings will be saved to the main database as real numbers (including decimals). Ratings

will be displayed on the Chess SA website up to one decimal place. Ratings will be saved to

the downloadable databases as integers (rounded).

23 PLAYERS WINNING A SECTION

A player ending in 1st position (clear or joint) may not lose rating points provided he has played

100% of the total number of rounds and none of the games involved default wins or byes

(the player has played each and every round with the white/black pieces). If he does, his

rating change for that event will be set to 0. This rule is not applicable to team events/sections.

24 HOW TO CALCULATE A RATED PLAYER’S RATING CHANGE FOR AN EVENT

24.1 Calculate his expected result (We) for each game played and subtract this from his actual

result (S) to obtain Swe (Swe = S - We).

24.2 His total rating change (ΔR) is calculated by summing the Swe (TSwe) scores and multiplying

the answer with his K-factor (ΔR = TSwe x K).

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25 HOW TO CALCULATE EXPECTED SCORES (WE)

The following table is used.

Table 2

D H L D H L D H L D H L

0-3 0.50 0.50 92-98 0.63 0.37 198-206 0.76 0.24 345-357 0.89 0.11

4-10 0.51 0.49 99-106 0.64 0.36 207-215 0.77 0.23 358-374 0.90 0.10

11-17 0.52 0.48 107-113 0.65 0.35 216-225 0.78 0.22 375-391 0.91 0.09

18-25 0.53 0.47 114-121 0.66 0.34 226-235 0.79 0.21 392-411 0.92 0.08

26-32 0.54 0.46 122-129 0.67 0.33 236-245 0.80 0.20 412-432 0.93 0.07

33-39 0.55 0.45 130-137 0.68 0.32 246-256 0.81 0.19 433-456 0.94 0.06

40-46 0.56 0.44 138-145 0.69 0.31 257-267 0.82 0.18 457-484 0.95 0.05

47-53 0.57 0.43 146-153 0.70 0.30 268-278 0.83 0.17 485-517 0.96 0.04

54-61 0.58 0.42 154-162 0.71 0.29 279-290 0.84 0.16 518-559 0.97 0.03

62-68 0.59 0.41 163-170 0.72 0.28 291-302 0.85 0.15 560-619 0.98 0.02

69-76 0.60 0.40 171-179 0.73 0.27 303-315 0.86 0.14 620-735 0.99 0.01

77-83 0.61 0.39 180-188 0.74 0.26 316-328 0.87 0.13 736+ 1.00 0.00

84-91 0.62 0.38 189-197 0.75 0.25 329-344 0.88 0.12

25.1 Calculate the difference in rating (D).

25.2 If D is positive, read the value to the immediate right in the “H” column.

25.3 If D is negative, read the value to the immediate right in the “L” column.

Example 1:

A player is rated 1500. His opponent is rated 1700.

D = 1500-1700 = -200.

We = 0.24

Meaning, the player is expected to score 0.24 points from that game.

Example 2:

A player is rated 1200. His opponent is rated 900.

D = 1200-900 = +300.

We = 0.85

Meaning, the player is expected to score 0.85 points from that game.

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26 EXAMPLE: CALCULATE A RATED PLAYER’S RATING CHANGE AND PERFORMANCE RATING FOR AN EVENT WHERE HE SCORES >0% BUT <100%

A player is rated 1500 and has a K-factor of 23.4 (K=23.4). His event results are:

Round 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Opponent 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 536 2305

D (actual) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +864 -805

D (used) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +396 -736

Opponent used 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 1104 2236

Result 1 0.5 0 1 0.5 1 0

We 0.80 0.54 0.36 0.39 0.17 0.92 0.00

SWe 0.2 -0.04 -0.36 0.61 0.33 0.08 0.00

𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 = 0.2 − 0.04 − 0.36 + 0.61 + 0.33 + 0.08 + 0 = 0.82

∆𝑅 = 𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 × 𝐾 = 0.82 × 23.4 = 19.2

𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 =1258 + 1469 + 1604 + 1582 + 1773 + 536 + 2305

7= 1503.86

% =𝑆

𝑁× 100 =

4

7× 100 = 57.14 (57)

𝐷𝑝 = +50 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 1)

𝑃 = 𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 + 𝐷𝑝 = 1503.86 + 50 = 1553.86 = 1554

Thus, the player gained +19.2 rating points and achieved a performance rating of 1554.

Ratings Bureau


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27 EXAMPLE: CALCULATE A RATED PLAYER’S RATING CHANGE AND PERFORMANCE RATING FOR AN EVENT WHERE HE SCORES 100%


Round 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Opponent 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 536 2305

D (actual) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +864 -805

D (used) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +396 -736

Opponent used 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 1104 2236

Result 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

We 0.80 0.54 0.36 0.39 0.17 0.92 0.00

SWe 0.2 0.46 0.64 0.61 0.83 0.08 1.00

𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 = 0.2 + 0.46 + 0.64 + 0.61 + 0.83 + 0.08 + 1.0 = 3.82

∆𝑅 = 𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 × 𝐾 = 3.82 × 23.4 = 89.2

𝑇𝑜𝑟 = 1258 + 1469 + 1604 + 1582 + 1773 + 536 + 2305 = 10527


𝑛 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

𝑛 + 1

𝑠 + 0.5− 1) =

10527 + 1500

7 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

7 + 1

7 + 0.5− 1) = 1503.4 + 470.4 = 1974

Thus, the player gained +89.2 rating points and achieved a performance rating of 1974.

Ratings Bureau


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27 EXAMPLE: CALCULATE A RATED PLAYER’S RATING CHANGE AND PERFORMANCE RATING FOR AN EVENT WHERE HE SCORES 0%


Round 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Opponent 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 536 2305

D (actual) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +864 -805

D (used) +242 +31 -104 -82 -273 +396 -736

Opponent used 1258 1469 1604 1582 1773 1104 2236

Result 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

We 0.80 0.54 0.36 0.39 0.17 0.92 0.00

SWe -0.8 -0.54 -0.36 -0.39 -0.17 -0.92 0

𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 = −0.8 − 0.54 − 0.36 − 0.39 − 0.17 − 0.92 − 0 = −3.18

∆𝑅 = 𝑇𝑠𝑤𝑒 × 𝐾 = −3.18 × 23.4 = −74.4

𝑇𝑜𝑟 = 1258 + 1469 + 1604 + 1582 + 1773 + 536 + 2305 = 10527


𝑛 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

𝑛 + 1

𝑠 + 0.5− 1) =

10527 + 1500

7 + 1− 400𝐿𝑜𝑔 (

7 + 1

0 + 0.5− 1) = 1503.4 − 470.4 = 1033

Thus, the player lost 74.4 rating points and achieved a performance rating of 1033.

Ratings Bureau


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28 EXAMPLE: CALCULATE THE FIRST OFFICIAL RATING OF AN UNRATED PLAYER WHO PLAYED 5+ GAMES IN HIS FIRST TOURNAMENT

The tournament details of a player are the following:

Round 1 2 3 4 5 6

Opponent 1258 Did not play 1158 1056 997 888

Result 1 X 0 0.5 0.5 1

𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 =1258 + 1158 + 1056 + 997 + 888

5= 1071.4

% =𝑆

𝑁× 100 =

3

5× 100 = 80


𝑃 = 𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 + 𝐷𝑝 = 1071.4 + 240 = 1311.4 = 1311

His first official rating is 1311.

Because the player has only played 5 historical games, his first K-factor (that will be used for his next

tournament) is:

𝐾 = (8400

𝐺 + 𝑁) × (1 − 0.01

112) = (

8400

50 + 5) × 0.3187 = 48.7

Ratings Bureau


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29 EXAMPLE: CALCULATE THE FIRST OFFICIAL RATING OF AN UNRATED PLAYER

The tournament details of a player are the following:

Tournament 1

Round 1 2 3 4 5

Opponent 1258 Did not play 1158 1056 997

Result 1 X 0 0.5 0

Tournament 2

Round 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Opponent 845 765 934 1106 645 765 1000

Result 1 1 1 0.5 1 0 0.5

Because the player did not play 5 games in his first tournament, the results of his first two

tournaments are combined. If the player played 5 games in his first tournament then the results of

only that tournament would have been used.

𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 =1258 + 1158 + 1056 + 997 + 845 + 765 + 937 + 1106 + 645 + 765 + 1000

11= 957.5

% =𝑆

𝑁× 100 =

6.5

11× 100 = 59.1 = 59


𝑃 = 𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 + 𝐷𝑝 = 957.5 + 65 = 1022.5 = 1023

His first official rating is 1023.

Because the player has only played 11 historical games, his first K-factor (that will be used for his next

tournament) is:

𝐾 = (8400

𝐺 + 𝑁) × (1 − 0.01

112) = (

8400

60 + 11) × 0.3187 = 37.7

Ratings Bureau


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30 EXAMPLE: CALCULATING THE WEIGHED PERFORMANCE OF A RATED PLAYER

A player, rated 2000, participates in only 1 tournament that month. His rating change for this

tournament is -10. His new rating (to be published on the 1st day of the next month) will be 1990.

The tournament ended on 2017/10/10 and was submitted and processed/rated on 2017/10/15.

His last 5 tournament performances are the following (including the tournament he has just played):

Tournament Performance Games End date Current date Age Q

1 1936 6 2017/10/10 2017/10/15 4 1.00

2 2201 7 2017/09/14 2017/10/15 30 1.00

3 2186 5 2017/02/05 2017/10/15 251 0.98

4 2297 6 2016/09/10 2017/10/15 399 0.97

5 2385 8 2016/04/16 2017/10/15 546 0.96

𝑊𝑃𝑅 =∑ [𝑃𝑖 × (6 − 𝑖) × 𝑄𝑖]

5𝑖=1

15

=[1936 × (6 − 1) × 1] + [2201 × (6 − 2) × 1] + [2186 × (6 − 3) × 0.98] + [2297 × (6 − 4) × 0.97] + [2385 × (6 − 5) × 0.96]

15

=31656.62

15

= 2110

Because his WPR is greater than his new rating, we first calculate the difference between WPR and his

new rating.

Difference = 2110–1990 = 120

Because the difference is less than 200, the player’s new published rating will be 2110.

If, for example, all the player’s tournaments had an age of 121 or less days, his WPR would have been:

𝑊𝑃𝑅 =[1936 × (6 − 1) × 1] + [2201 × (6 − 2) × 1] + [2186 × (6 − 3) × 1] + [2297 × (6 − 4) × 1] + [2385 × (6 − 5) × 1]

15

=32021

32

= 2135 Difference = 2135-1990 = 145

Because the difference is less than 200, the player’s new published rating will be 2135.

If, for example, the player’s WPR was less than 1990, his new rating would remain at 1990.

Ratings Bureau


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31 EXAMPLE: A PLAYER WHO PLAYS MORE THAN 1 TOURNAMENT IN A MONTH AND RECEIVES A WPR DURING THE MONTH.

A player has played the following 3 tournaments during the same month. His most recent tournament

is listed first.

# Rating Rating change WPR

1 2135 -4 2100

2 2135 +28 2045

3 2000 -10 2135

31.1 The player had a 2000 rating at the start of tournament 3.

31.2 His WPR based on his 3rd tournament and the previous 4 tournaments is 2135.

31.3 Because, at this stage, his WPR is greater than his current rating (of 2000), his current rating is

updated to 2135 and this is his starting rating for the 2nd tournament.

31.4 The WPR after the 2nd and 3rd tournaments are not higher than his current rating (his current

rating is therefore not adjusted).

31.5 His new rating is calculated by summing his total rating changes and adding this to his latest

rating. Rnew = 2135-10+28-4 = 2149

Ratings Bureau


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32 EXAMPLE: HOW A SECTION IS RATED

The following example (Individual Single Round-Robin) has been constructed (taking all the above into

account) to illustrate the procedure on how a section is rated. The calculations for Individual Swiss

and Team tournaments are exactly the same.

# Player Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Score % K

1 Player A 1200 1 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 4½ 63 23.1

2 Player B 1400 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 4½ 63 17.6

3 Player C 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 4 57 -

4 Player D 1300 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 ½ 2½ 36 32.9

5 Player E 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 0 3½ 50 -

6 Player F 0 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 0 3 43 -

7 Player G 1100 ½ 0 0 1 0 0 0 1½ 21 18.4

8 Player H 900 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 1 4 57 25.5

32.1 Because unrated players participated, we assign them each a temporary rating of 1000.


1 Player A 1200 1 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 4½ 63 23.1

2 Player B 1400 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 4½ 63 17.6

3 Player C 1000 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 4 57 -

4 Player D 1300 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 ½ 2½ 36 32.9

5 Player E 1000 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 0 3½ 50 -

6 Player F 1000 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 0 3 43 -

7 Player G 1100 ½ 0 0 1 0 0 0 1½ 21 18.4

8 Player H 900 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 1 4 57 25.5

32.2 For each unrated player, calculate his performance rating, taking into account the actual

ratings of the rated opponents and the 1000 for the unrated opponents.

The average opponent rating (Raor) for each unrated player will (obviously) be the same.

𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑟 =1200+1400+1300+1100+900+1000+1000+1000

7= 1271.4 = 1271

Player Raor % Dp Perform

Player C 1271 57 +50 1321

Player E 1271 50 0 1271

Player F 1271 43 -50 1221

These performances are now temporarily assigned to the unrated players and will be used to

update their opponents (both rated and unrated).

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1 Player A 1200 1 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 4½ 63 23.1

2 Player B 1400 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 4½ 63 17.6

3 Player C 1321 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 4 57 -

4 Player D 1300 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 ½ 2½ 36 32.9

5 Player E 1271 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 0 3½ 50 -

6 Player F 1221 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 0 3 43 -

7 Player G 1100 ½ 0 0 1 0 0 0 1½ 21 18.4

8 Player H 900 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 1 4 57 25.5

32.3 Calculate the rating change for each of the rated players taking into account the actual ratings

of the rated opponents and the temporary assigned performance ratings of the unrated

opponents.

PLAYER A (1200)

Opp Rop D We S SWE

B 1400 -200 0.24 1 +0.76

C 1321 -121 0.34 0 -0.34

D 1300 -100 0.36 0.5 +0.14

E 1271 -71 0.40 1 +0.60

F 1221 -21 0.47 1 +0.53

G 1100 +100 0.64 0.5 -0.14

H 900 +300 0.85 0.5 -0.35

SWE +1.20

K 23.1

Total rating change +27.7

PLAYER B (1400)

Opp Rop D We S SWE

A 1200 +200 0.76 0 -0.76

C 1321 +79 0.61 0 -0.61

D 1300 +100 0.64 1 +0.36

E 1271 +129 0.67 0.5 -0.17

F 1221 +179 0.73 1 +0.27

G 1100 +300 0.85 1 +0.15

H 900 +392 0.92 1 +0.08

SWE -0.68

K 17.6

Total rating change -12.0

PLAYER D (1300)

Opp Rop D We S SWE

A 1200 +100 0.64 0.5 -0.14

B 1400 -100 0.36 0 -0.36

C 1321 -21 0.47 1 +0.53

E 1271 +29 0.54 0 -0.54

F 1221 +79 0.61 0.5 -0.11

G 1100 +200 0.76 0 -0.76

H 900 +392 0.08 0.5 +0.42

SWE -0.96

K 32.9


PLAYER G (1100)

Opp Rop D We S SWE

A 1200 -100 0.36 0.5 +0.14

B 1400 -300 0.15 0 -0.15

C 1321 -221 0.22 0 -0.22

D 1300 -200 0.24 1 +0.76

E 1271 -171 0.27 0 -0.27

F 1221 -121 0.34 0 -0.34

H 900 +200 0.76 0 -0.76

SWE -0.84

K 18.4


PLAYER H (900)

Opp Rop D We S SWE

A 1200 -300 0.15 0.5 +0.35

B 1400 -500 0.04 0 -0.04

C 1321 -421 0.07 0 -0.07

D 1300 -400 0.08 0.5 +0.42

E 1271 -371 0.10 1 +0.90

F 1221 -321 0.13 1 +0.87

G 1100 -200 0.24 1 +0.76

SWE +3.19

K 25.5

Total rating change +81.3

Ratings Bureau


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32.4 Calculate the performance ratings of the rated players.


Player A (1400+1321+1300+1271+1221+1100+900)/7=1216 63 +95 1311

Player B (1200+1321+1300+1271+1221+1100+900)/7=1188 63 +95 1283

Player D (1200+1400+1321+1271+1221+1100+900)/7=1202 36 -102 1100

Player G (1200+1400+1321+1300+1271+1221+900)/7=1230 21 -230 1000

Player H (1200+1400+1321+1300+1271+1221+1100)/7=1259 57 +50 1309

32.5 Calculate the performance ratings of the unrated players. Note: because they have all played

5+ games, these performances will become their official “new” ratings.


Player C (1200+1400+1300+1271+1221+1100+900)/7=1199 57 +50 1249

Player E (1200+1400+1321+1300+1221+1100+900)/7=1206 50 0 1206

Player F (1200+1400+1321+1300+1271+1100+900)/7=1213 43 -50 1163

The K-factor for each of these unrated players will be the same (because they have played the

same initial number of games).

𝐾 = (8400

𝐺 + 𝑁) × (1 − 0.01

112) = (

8400

50 + 7) × 0.3187 = 47.0

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