raw materials of life
DESCRIPTION
Textbook Chapter 1TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
Raw Materials of Life
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Unity and diversityAtoms: the building blocks of everything
Chemical bonds: hold atoms together
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Element: composed of atoms with same chem. behavior
Most common in human: C, O, H, N
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Atoms: protons, neutrons, electronsNumbers of p, n, & e determine type and behavior
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Atom/Element ID: name, symbol, numberAtomic number: number of protons
Hydrogen H 1 Chlorine Cl 17Helium He 2 Potassium K 19Carbon C 6 Calcium Ca 20Nitrogen N 7 Zinc Zn 30Oxygen O 8 Silver Ag 47Sodium Na 11 Gold Au 79Sulfur S 16 Mercury Hg 80
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Molecule: combo of two or more atomsH2O C6H12O6
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
O
O
O
O
H
H
H
H
OH
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Chemical equation shows atom/molecule changesSame atoms on both sides of arrow
12H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
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Atom: protons, neutrons, electrons
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Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
12C6 15N7
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Isotopes: different forms of the same atom or element
12C6 14C6
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Isotopes of Hydrogen
1H1 (1 proton + 0 neutron): hydrogen2H1 (1 proton + 1 neutron): deuterium3H1 (1 proton + 2 neutrons): tritium
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Different atoms / Same Masses
14N7 (7 protons + 7 neutrons): nitrogen14C6 (6 protons + 8 neutrons): carbon14O8 (8 protons + 6 neutrons): oxygen
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Bohr Model: planetary orbits
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Orbital Model: Electrons in regions rather than orbitsDifferent orbitals hold different numbers of electrons (2,
8...)Number in outer orbital determines chemical behavior
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Structural Formulas for Glucose and Glycine
C
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
O
O
O
O
O
H
H
H
H
OHN C C
OH
H OHH
H
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Hydrogen Bonds
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)
H
O
H(+)(+)
(–)