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Rawls O Teorie a Dreptii

- Legile i instituiile nedrepte, orict de eficiente i de bine aranjate ar fi, trebuie s fiereforate sau abolite

- !n oarecare consens n ceea ce pri"ete concepii ale justiiei

- #lte problee sociale fundaentale - coordinare, eficien, stabilitate- $lanurile indi"i%ilor trebuie s fie potri"ite preun astfel nct acti"itile lor s fie copatibile una cu cealalt, fr ca ateptrile legitie ale cui"a s fie de%agite nod se"er

- &ubiectul principal al justiiei este structura de ba% a societii, ai precis, felul n careinstituiile sociale ajore 'constituia politic i aranjaentele principale econoice isociale( distribuie drepturi i ndatoriri fundaentale, i deterin di"i%iunea a"antajelordin cooperarea social

- )*eple de instituii sociale ajore+protecia legal a libertii de gndire i decontiin, piee competitive, proprietatea privat n mijloacele de producie, i familia

monogam- Oaenii nscui n diferite po%iii au ateptri diferite, deterinate, parial, de sisteulpolitic, dar i de circustanele econoice i sociale

- negaliti profunde- Dei justiia ar putea fi, dup cu rearca ue, "irtutea prudent, geloas, ne pute

totui ntreba cu ar arta o societate perfect- .oncepia de justiie a lui Rawls duce la un ni"el ai nalt de abstracie teoria failiar

a contractului social, care s eregsete la Loc/e, Rousseau i 0ant- $rincipiile justiiei pentru structura de ba% a societii persoane libere i raionale

precupate de a-i urri interesele ar accepta ntr-o po%iie iniial de egalitate definescterenii fundaentali ai asociaiei lor

$agina 11+In justice as fairness the original position of equality corresponds tothe state of nature in the traditional theory of the social contract. Thisoriginal position is not, of course, thought of as an actual historical state

of affairs, much less as a primitive condition of culture. It is understood

as a purely hypothetical situation characteried so as to lead to a certainconception of justice. !mong the essential features of this situation is

that no one "no#s his place in society, his class position or social status,

nor does any one "no# his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and

abilities, his intelligence, strength, and the li"e. I shall even assume thatthe parties do not "no# their conceptions of the good or their special

psychological propensities. The principles of justice are chosen behind aveil of ignorance. This ensures that no one is advantaged or disadvantagedin the choice of principles by the outcome of natural chance or the

contingency of social circumstances. $ince all are similarly situated and

no one is able to design principles to favor his particular condition, theprinciples of justice are the result of a fair agreement or bargain. %or

given the circumstances of the original position, the symmetry of everyone&s

relations to each other, this initial situation is fair bet#een individuals

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as moral persons, that is, as rational beings #ith their o#n ends and

capable, I shall assume, of a sense of justice. The original position is, one

might say, the appropriate initial status quo, and thus the fundamentalagreements reached in it are fair. This e'plains the propriety of the name

(justice as fairness)* it conveys the idea that the principles of justice are

agreed to in an initial situation that is fair. The name does not mean thatthe concepts of justice and fairness are the same, any more than the

phrase (poetry as metaphor) means that the concepts of poetry and metaphor

are the same.- )"ident, nicio societate nu poate fi o sc2e de cooperare n care oaenii intr "oluntar

la odul te*tual3 fiecare persoan se gsete plasat la natere ntr-o po%iie anue, ntr-o societate anue, i natura po%iiei sale ateriale i afectea% prospectele de "ia4 5ns osocietate care satisface principiile justiiei ca dreptate se apropie pe ct de ult posibil deo societate care poate fi o sc2e "oluntar, pentru c ndeplinete principiile prin carepersoane libere i egale accept circustane care sunt corecte4 5n acest sens, ebrii sisunt autonoi, i obligaiile pe care le recunosc sunt autoipuse4

$agina 16+I shall maintain instead that the persons in the initial situation #ouldchoose t#o rather different principles* the first requires equality in the

assignment of basic rights and duties, #hile the second holds that socialand economic inequalities, for e'ample inequalities of #ealth and authority,

are just only if they result in compensating benefits for everyone, and in particular for the least

advantaged members of society.- 7ustiia ca dreptate are totui un scop liitat- .onectarea teoriei justiiei cu teoria alegerii raionale- $are re%onabil i acceptabil la odul general ca nieni s nu fie a"antajat sau

de%a"antajat de soart sau prin circustane sociale n alegerea principiilor$agina 18+ +e should insure further that particular inclinations andaspirations, and persons& conceptions of their good do not affect the prin

ciples adopted. The aim is to rule out those principles that it #ould berational to propose for acceptance, ho#ever little the chance of success,

only if one "ne# certain things that are irrelevant from the standpoint of

justice. %or e'ample, if a man "ne# that he #as #ealthy, he might find itrational to advance the principle that various ta'es for #elfare measures

be counted unjust- if he "ne# that he #as poor, he #ould most li"ely

propose the contrary principle.- 9a%a egalitii este siilar din dou pri"ine4 &isteele de scopuri finale nu sunt

clasificate n funcie de "aloare3 i fiecare o este presupus a a"ea abilitatea necesar de

a nelege i de a aciona confor principiilor adoptate- O teorie a justiiei care repre%int o alternati" la utilitarianis- Dou concepte principale ale eticii sunt Dreptul i 9unul- !tilitarisul nu ia n serios diferena ntre persoane

PAGINA 24