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RayCharles:AnAnnotatedBibliographyThisbibliographyisdividedintosevencategories:non-fictionandacademicbooks,encyclopedias,children’sbooks,dissertations,musicfolios,journalandnewspaperarticles,andwebsites.Itoffersliteratureforscholarspursuingresearch,musicianslookingtolearnCharles’music,andthosewhoarejustgenerallyinterestedinCharles.Sourcesareannotatedifahardcopywasavailable.

Non-fictionandAcademicBooksAykroyd,DanandBenManilla.Elwood’sBlues:InterviewswiththeBluesLegendsand

Stars.SanFrancisco:Backbeat,2004.InterviewsofmusicianstakenfromtheHouseofBluesRadioHour.

Axton,MaeBoren.CountrySingersasIKnow‘Em.Austin,TX:Sweet,1973.Balliett,Whitney.AmericanSingers:Twenty-SevenPortraitsinSong.Jackson,MS:

UniversityPressofMississippi,2006.ExaminestwelveAmerican“non-academic”vocalists,includingRayCharles.

Brackett,David,ed.ThePop,Rock,andSoulReader:HistoriesandDebates.NewYork:

OxfordUniversityPress,2005.Investigatesthehistoryofrockandpopmusicbylookingatindividualmusician’shistories.IncludesapartofRayCharlesandDavidRitz’sBrotherRayautobiography.

Broven,John.RhythmandBluesinNewOrleans.Gretna,LA:Pelican,1978.Busnar,Gene.It’sRock‘n’Roll.NewYork:Wanderer,1979.Examinesthe1950sandthe

beginningsofrockandroll.Campbell,Michael.PopularMusicinAmerica:TheBeatGoesOn,FourthEdition.Boston:

SchirmerCengageLearning,2013.Acomprehensivehistoryofmusicthatincludesachaptertitled,“What’dISay:RayCharles.”

Cambridge,VibertC.,ed.BlackPraxis:SpecialEdition,WritingsonGuyaneseMusic,2003-

2004.Athens,Ohio:DepartmentofAfricanAmericanStudies-OhioUniversity,2004.ContainsachapteronhowRayCharlesinfluencedGuyanesemusic.

Campos,Randy.RayCharles126SuccessFacts:EverythingYouNeedtoKnowaboutRay

Charles.n.p.:Emereo,2014.Contains126factsaboutRayCharlesthataredividedchronological.

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Charles,RayandDavidRitz.BrotherRay:RayCharles’OwnStory.NewYork:Dial,1978.

AnautobiographyofRayCharlesupto1978thatcoversCharles’childhood,addictions,music,racism,andblindness.

Chase,Gilbert.America’sMusic:FromthePilgrimstothePresent,Revised3rdedition.

Urbana,IL:UniversityofIllinoisPress,1992.Cohn,Nik.RockfromtheBeginning.NewYork:SteinandDay,1969.Conte,Bob.PortraitofAmericanMusic:GreatTwentieth-CenturyMusicians.Portland,

ME:J.WestonWalch,1989.Examinesthebiographyoftwentymusicians,includingCharles.

Cumming,Robert,ed.TheyTalkAboutMusic.RockvilleCentre,NY:Belwin/Mills,1971.

Essaysbymusiciansformusictherapy;includesanessaybyCharlescalled“IDon’tNeedtoSee.”

Dalton,DavidandLennyKaye.Rock100.NewYork:Grosset&Dunlap,1977.Biographies

ofrockandrollmusiciansandthehistoryofthegenre.Dawson,JimandStevePropes.WhatwastheFirstRock‘N’RollRecord?Boston:Faber

andFaber,1992.Examinesmusicians’firstsonghitsandthestorybehindit,likeI’veGotaWomanwithRayCharles.

DeBarros,Paul.JacksonStreetAfterHours:TheRootsofJazzinSeattle.Seattle:

SasquatchBooks,1993.LooksatCharles’earlyyearsinSeattlewithQuincyJonesandCharles’trio.

Decker,ToddR.WhoShouldSingOl’ManRiver?:TheLivesofanAmericanSong.New

York:OxfordUniversityPress,2015.ExaminesthehistoryofthesongOl’ManRiver,whohassungit,andthechargedracialcontent.LooksatRayCharles’renditionofthesong.

DeMain,Bill.InTheirOwnWords:SongwritersTalkabouttheCreativeProcess.Westport,

CT:Praeger,2004.Emery,RalphwithPatsiBaleCox.TheViewofNashville.NewYork:W.Morrow,1998.

Countrymusicdiscjockey,RalphEmery,sharesanecdotesoncountrymusicstars,includingCharlesinachaptertitled,“RayCharles:Country’sImprobableHero.”

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Evans,Mike.RayCharles:TheBirthofSoul.London:Omnibus,2005.ContainsinformationonCharles’entirelife,basedonthemusician’sownautobiography.Italsoincludesadiscographyandvideography.

Ewen,David.AlltheYearsofAmericanPopularMusic.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:Prentice-

Hall,1977.SurveysofAmericanpopularmusic;Charlesisincludedinthechapteronsoulmusic.

Feather,Leonard.FromSatchmotoMiles.London:Quartet,1975.Biographiesofjazz

musicians,includingachapteronCharles.Floyd,SamuelA,Jr.ThePowerofBlackMusic:InterpretingitsHistoryfromAfricatothe

UnitedStates.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1995.ExaminesthetransformationsandhistoryofAfricanAmericanmusicfrompre-AmericaAfricatotoday.

Fong-Torres,Ben.NotFadeAway:ABackstagePassto20YearsofRockandRoll.San

Francisco:MillerFreeman,1999.AcollectionofinterviewsthatBenFong-TorresdidwhilewithRollingStone,includingonefromthe1970swithCharles.

Friedlander,PaulwithPeterMiller.Rock&Roll:ASocialHistory,2ndedition.Boulder,CO:

Westview,2006.Asurveyofrockandroll,examininggenres,decades,andartists,includingCharles.

Garland,Phyl.TheSoundofSoul.Chicago:H.Regnery,1969.George,Nelson.TheDeathofRhythm&Blues.NewYork:Pantheon,1988.Gillespie,DizzywithAlFraser.ToBe,orNot...toBop:Memoirs.GardenCity,NY:

Doubleday,1979.Gillett,Charlie.MakingTracks:AtlanticRecordsandtheGrowthofaMulti-BillionDollar

Industry.NewYork:E.P.Dutton,1974.Gillett,Charlie.TheSoundoftheCity:TheRiseofRockandRoll.NewYork:Outerbridge&

Dienstfrey,1970.Gioia,Ted.WestCoastJazz:ModernJazzinCalifornia,1945-1960.NewYork:Oxford

UniversityPress,1992.Greenfield,Robert.TheLastSultan:TheLifeandTimesofAhmetErtegun.NewYork:

Simon&Schuster,2011.BiographyofthefounderofAtlanticRecords,whichincludesstoriesonCharles.

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Gregory,Hugh.ACenturyofPop.Chicago:ACappella,1998.Surveysthehistoryofpopmusicfromthe1900stothelate1990s.RayCharlesisincludedinachapterondoo-woopinthe1950s.

Gregory,Hugh.SoulMusicA-Z,Revisededition.NewYork:DaCapo,1995.Greig,Charlotte.IconsofBlackMusic.SanDiego:ThunderBay,1999.Guralnick,Peter,ed.MartinScorsesePresentstheBlues:AMusicalJourney.NewYork:

Amistad,2003.AcompaniontoaPBSseries,thebooklooksatbluesmusiciansfromthelensofmoviedirectors.Itincludesanessaytitled“RayCharlesDiscoversthePiano.”

Guralnick,Peter.SweetSoulMusic:RhythmandBluesandtheSouthernDreamof

Freedom.NewYork:BackBay/LittleBrown,2012.FocusesmostlyonCharles’creationofsoulmusic.

Hajdu,David.HeroesandVillains:EssaysonMusic,Movies,Comics,andCulture.

Cambridge,MA:DaCapo,2009.Examinespopculturethrougharangeofcategories,butlookingatthegoodandbadofatopic.Includesanessaytitled“RayCharles.”

Heilbut,Anthony.TheGospelSound:GoodNewsandBadTimes,Revisedandupdated2nd

edition.NewYork:LimelightEditions,1987.Herbst,Peter,ed.TheRollingStoneInterviews:TalkingwiththeLegendsofRock&Roll,

1967-1980.NewYork:St.Martin’s/RollingStone,1981.IncludesaninterviewbetweenCharlesandBenFong-Torres.

Hildred,Roach.BlackAmericanMusic:PastandPresent.Boston:Crescendo,1973.Hirshey,Gerri.NowheretoRun:TheStoryofSoulMusic.NewYork:Time,1984.Examines

legendsofsoulmusicduringthe1960s.Hoare,Ian,ed.TheSoulBook.London:E.Methuen,1975.Hobsbawm,EricJ.TheJazzScene.NewYork:Pantheon,1993.Examinesthehistoryof

jazzinAmerica,andincludesachapteronmusicianslikeCharles.Holland,Ted.ThisDayinAfrican-AmericanMusic.SanFrancisco:Pomegranate,1993.Hoskyns,Barney.SayItOneTimefortheBrokenhearted:TheCountrysideofSouthern

Soul.London:Fontana,1987.

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Jarrett,Michael.ProducingCountry:TheInsideStoryoftheGreatRecordings.Middletown,CT:UniversityPressofNewEngland,2014.Theauthorinterviewscountrymusicproducerstohearstoriesaboutrecordandsongproductions.IncludesaninterviewwithSidFellerdiscussingRayCharles.

Jones,Quincy.Q:TheAutobiographyofQuincyJones.NewYork:Doubleday,2001.

IncludesachapteronCharles’influenceonQuincyJonesduringhischildhood.Jones,QuincywithBillGibson.QonProducing.Milwaukee,WI:HalLeonard,2010.

ExaminesQuincyJones’life,thoughtsonproducing,aswellsongandalbumdiscussions.

Klaasse,Piet,MarkGardner,andJ.Bernlef.Jamsession:PortraitsofJazzandBlues

MusiciansDrawnontheScene.NewYork:LimelightEditions,1985.Laine,Cleo.Cleo.NewYork:Simon&Schuster,1994.Anautobiographythatincludesa

storyofhowLaine,ajazzperformer,metRayCharles.Laird,TraceyE.W.andBrandonLaird.AustinCityLimits:AMonumenttoMusic.San

Rafael,CA:InsightEditions,2015.Spanningthefirst40yearsoftheconcertseries,AustinCityLimits,thebookincludesstoriesaboutRayCharles.

Landau,Jon.It’sTooLatetoStopNow:ARockandRollJournal.SanFrancisco:

StraightArrow,1972.Larkin,Rochelle.SoulMusic:TheSound,theStars,theStory.NewYork:Lancer,1970.Larson,Thomas.TheHistoryofRockandRoll.Dubuque,IA:Kendall/Hunt,2004.Leibovitz,Annie,etal.AmericanMusic.NewYork:RandomHouse,2003.Photographic

bookonmusicalicons,includingCharles.Lydon,Michael.BoogieLighting.NewYork:Dial,1974.BiographicalessaysonAfrican

Americanjazzmusicians,includingCharles.Lydon,Michael.RayCharles:ManandMusic.NewYork:Riverhead,1998.CoversCharles’

lifeupto1990s,butthereisalsoupdatedversionthatincludesthemusician’sdeath.Thebookfocusesmoreonmusicratherthanfamilylife.

Marshall,Jim.JimMarshall:Jazz.SanFrancisco:Chronicle,2005.Containsjazzportraits,

takenbyMarshall,aswellasstoriesofmusicianslikeCharles.McCarthy,Albert,etal.JazzonRecord:ACriticalGuidetotheFirst50Years,1917-1967.

London:Hanover,1968.

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Miller,Jim,ed.HistoryofRock&Roll.NewYork:RollingStone,1980.Describesstars,

fans,promoters,andproducersthatgrewuparoundrockmusic.IncludesachapteronCharles.

Miller,Zell.TheyHeardGeorgiaSinging.Macon,GA:MercerUniversityPress,1996.

ConcentratesonmusicianswholivedorsangaboutthestateofGeorgia,andincludesachapteronRayCharles.

Oseary,Guy.OntheRecord:Over150oftheMostTalentedPeopleinMusicSharethe

SecretsofTheirSuccess.NewYork:Penguin,2004.Includesinterviewsofmusicians,suchasWillieNelson’sthoughtsonRayCharlesandhiscountrymusic.

Othello,Jeffrey.TheSoulofRock‘NRoll.Cork,Ireland:BookBaby,2012.Ahistoryof

AfricanAmericansperformingrockmusic,whichincludesalookatCharles’workduringthe1950s.

Otis,Johnny.UpsideYourHead!RhythmandBluesonCentralAvenue.Hanover,NH:

UniversityPressofNewEngland,1993.Palmer,Robert.DeepBlues.NewYork:Penguin,1982.Palmer,Robert.Blues&Chaos:theMusicWritingofRobertPalmer.NewYork:Scribner,

2009.AcollectionofpreviouslypublishedarticlesbymusiccriticRobertPalmer.Pascall,JeremyandRobBurt.TheStars&SuperstarsofBlackMusic.Secaucus,NJ:

Chartwell,1977.BiographiesofAfricanAmericanmusicians,includingCharles,andtheirriseanddevelopmentoftheirmusic.

Petrie,Gavin,ed.BlackMusic.London:Hamlyn,1974.BiographiesonAfricanAmerican

musicians,includingCharles.Phinney,Kevin.SouledAmerican:HowBlackMusicTransformedWhiteCulture.New

York:Billboard,2005.Pleasants,Henry.TheGreatAmericanPopularSingers.NewYork:Simon&Schuster,

1974.Biographiesonvariousmusicians,includingCharles.Ramone,PhilwithCharlesGranata.MakingRecords:TheScenesBehindtheMusic.New

York:Hyperion,2007.MusicproducerPhilRamoneexplainsstoriesinvolvingthemakingofarecord.Includesachaptertitled:“RayCharles:GeniusLovesCompany.”

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Richardson,PerryC.,ed.“What’dISay?”:TheAtlanticStory;50YearsofMusic.NewYork:WelcomeRain,2001.LooksatthefounderofAtlanticRecords,AhmetErtegun,andthebehind-the-scenesstoryofRockandRollthroughacollectionofessays.

Ritz,David.“TheLastDaysofBrotherRay.”InDaCapoBestMusicWriting2005:The

Year’sFinestWritingonRock,Hip-Hop,Jazz,Pop,Country,&More,editedbyJ.T.LeroyandPaulBresnick.Cambridge,MA:DaCapo,2005.

RobinsonJr.,RayCharleswithMaryJaneRoss.YouDon’tKnowMe:ReflectionsofMy

Father,RayCharles.NewYork:Harmony,2010.AmemoirofRayCharlesbyhiseldestson.Theauthorrevealshisfamilylife,includingthedeathofoneofCharles’son,hisfather’saddictions,andhismother’sresilienceasasinglemother.

Rowden,Terry.TheSongsofBlindFolk:AfricanAmericanMusiciansandtheCulturesof

Blindness.AnnArbor,MI:UniversityofMichiganPress,2009.Examineshowblindness,likeblackness,hasaffectedthewaymusichasbeenproducedandreceived.ItincludesachapteronRayCharles.

Russell,Henry,ed.IconsofBlues&Soul.London:BrownReferenceGroup,2003.Sanjek,RussellandDavidSanjek.AmericanPopularMusicBusinessinthe20thCentury.

NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1991.Santoro,Gene.Highway61Revisited:TheTangledRootsofAmericanJazz,Blues,Rock,

andCountryMusic.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2004.ExamineshowjazzinfluencesallothertypesofAmericanmusic,throughartistslikeCharles.

Schloss,JosephGlenn,LarryStarr,ChristopherAlanWaterman.Rock:Music,Culture,and

Business.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2012.Drawstogetherhistory,culture,andbusinesstodepictthefullstoryofmusic.Includeschaptertitled,“TheRiseofSoulMusic:RayCharlesandSamCooke.”

Shadwick,Keith.Blues:KeepingtheFaith.Edison,NJ:Chartwell,1998.Featuresahistory

ofbluesthroughoutliningsongsofbluesartists,likeCharles.Shaffer,PaulwithDavidRitz.We’llBeHerefortheRestofOurLives:ASwingin’Show-Biz

Saga.NewYork:Doubleday/FlyingDolphin,2009.Includesastoryofsinger,PaulShaffer,meetingCharles.

Shaw,Arnold.HonkersandShouters:TheGoldenYearsofRhythmandBlues.NewYork:

Macmillan,1978.Surveysthehistoryofrhythmandblues,divingthesubjectmatterbyregion.

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Shaw,Arnold.TheRockin’50s:TheDecadethatTransformedthePopMusicScene.New

York:DaCapo,1987.Surveys1950srockandroll,itsroots,itsvariousstyles,andsocialhistory.Charlesisincludedinachaptertitled,“WhataDifferenceaDecadeMakes.”

Shaw,Arnold.TheWorldofSoul:BlackAmerica’sContributiontothePopMusicScene.

NewYork:Cowles,1970.Stewart,EarlL.TheArtofSoulMusicfrom1960to1980:AMusicologicalPerspective.

Durbuque,IA:KendallHunt,2012.Alookatthesocialcommentaryandhistoryofsoulmusic.Includesachaptercalled“OtherGreatArtistsofSoulMusic,”whichdiscussesRayCharles.

Uslan,MichaelandBruceSolomonwithDickClark.DickClark’sTheFirst25YearsofRock

&Roll.NewYork:Dell,1981.Biographiesofrockstarsarrangedbyyear.Veloso,Caetano.TropicalTruth:AStoryofMusicandRevolutioninBrazil,translatedby

IsabeldeSena.NewYork:DaCapo,2003.Includesachaptercalled“BethaniaandRayCharles.”

Wade,DorothyandJustinePicardie.MusicMan:AhmetErtegun,AtlanticRecords,and

theTriumphofRock‘n’Roll.NewYork:W.W.Norton,1990.Warner,Jay.OnThisDayinBlackMusicHistory.Milwaukee,WI:HalLeonard,2006.Trivia

andfactsonAfricanAmericanmusiciansbasedondates.Waterman,J.Douglas,ed.Song:TheWorld’sBestSongwritersonCreatingtheMusic

thatMovesUs.Cincinnati,OH:Writer’sDigest/F+W,2007.Acollectionofinterviews,includingCharles,offeringadviceonhowtocreatemusic.

Waterman,Dick.BetweenMidnightandDay:TheLastUnpublishedBluesArchives.New

York:Thunder’sMouth,2003.PhotosofbluessingersaswellasstoriesaboutAvalonProductions,thefirstagencydevotedtomanagingbluesmusicians.

Weisbard,Eric,ed.Pop:WhentheWorldFallsApart:MusicintheShadowofDoubt.Durham,NC:DukeUniversityPress,2012.Examinesmusicduringtimesofdistress.IncludesanessaybyDavidRitzonhisghostwritingformusicians,likeCharles.

Wenner,JannandJoeLevy,eds.TheRollingStoneInterviews.NewYork:BackBay,2007.

IncludesinterviewsfrompastRollingStonemagazines,includingacouplewithCharles.

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Wexler,JerryandDavidRitz.RhythmandBlues:ALifeinAmericanMusic.NewYork:Knopf,1993.ExaminesstoriesfromAtlanticRecordersproducer,JerryWexler.

White,Timothy.RockLives:Profiles&Interviews.NewYork:Holt,1990.Acollectionof

profilesandinterviewsspanningthefirsthalfofrockandrollfromRollingStoneMagazine.

Wilson,JohnS.Jazz:TheTransitionYears,1940-1960.NewYork:Appleton-Century-

Crofts,1966.Winski,Norman.RayCharles.LosAngeles:MelroseSquare,1994.Woodfin,Henry.“RayCharles.”InJazzPanorama,editedbyM.T.Williams,306-310.New

York:Crowell-Collier,1962.IncludesbiographyandmusicreviewsofRayCharlesthatwerepreviouslypublishedinthemagazineJazzReview.

Young,Al.Bodies&Soul:MusicalMemoirs.Berkeley:CreativeArts,1981.Zak,Albin.IDon’tSoundLikeNobody:RemakingMusicin1950sAmerica.AnnArbor,MI:

UniversityofMichiganPress,2010.EncyclopediasAmende,Coral.LegendsinTheirOwnTime:APopularBiographicalDictionary.NewYork:

PrenticeHallGeneralReference,1994.Anonymous.“RayCharlesandBettyCarter.”InTheMojoCollection:TheUltimateMusic

Companion,editedbyJimIrvin,34.Edinburgh:Mojo,2000.Anonymous.“Charles,Ray.”InBaker’sBiographicalDictionaryofMusicians,6thedition,

editedbyNicolasSionimsky,305.NewYork:Schirmer,1978.Anonymous.“Charles,Ray.”InCurrentBiographyYearbook,1965.NewYork:H.W.

Wilson,1965.Anonymous.Who’sWhoinAmerica,40thedition.Chicago:MarquisWho’sWhoInc.,

1978.AuthorsandPublishersoftheAmericanSocietyofComposers.ASCAPBiographical

Dictionary.NewYork:R.R.Bowker,1980.Bogaert,Karel.“Charles,Ray.”InBluesLexicon:Blues,Cajun,BoogieWoogie,Gospel,

editedbyKarelBogaert,76-77.Antwerp,Belgium:Standaard,1972.

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Bowman,JohnStewart,ed.TheCambridgeDictionaryofAmericanBiography.Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniversityPress,1995.

Bowman,Robert.“Charles,Ray.”InEncyclopediaofSouthernCulture,editedbyCharles

ReaganWilsonandWilliamR.Ferris,1049-1050.ChapelHill:UniversityofNorthCarolinePress,1989.

Buskin,RichardandMichaelHeatley,eds.TheDefinitiveIllustratedEncyclopediaofRock.

London:FlameTree,2006.Looksatthehistoryofrock,beginninginthe1950s;thechapteronthe50sincludesasectiononCharles.

Carlin,Richard.TheBigBookofCountryMusic:ABiographicalEncyclopedia.NewYork:

Penguin,1995.Carr,Ian,DigbyFairweather,andBrianPriestly.Jazz:TheRoughGuide.NewYork:The

RoughGuides,1995.Case,Brian,StanBritt,andChrissieMurray,eds.TheIllustratedEncyclopediaofJazz.New

York:Harmony,1988.Clarke,Donald.“Charles,Ray.”InThePenguinEncyclopediaofPopularMusic,2nd.

Edition,editedbyDonaldClarke,236-237.NewYork:Puffin,1999.Cotton,Lee.Shake,Rattle,&Roll:TheGoldenAgeofRock‘nRoll,Volume1:1952-1955.

AnnArbor,MI:PopularCulture,1989.Curtis,Kurt.Florida’sFamous&Forgotten,anIllustratedEncyclopedia:Historyof

Florida’sRock,Soul,&DanceMusic,theFirst30Years,1955-1985.AltamonteSprings,FL:FloridaMedia,2005.AcompilationofrockandrolleventsthattookplaceinFlorida,likehowCharlesgothis“bigbreak”inthestate.

Dimery,RobertandBrunoMacDonald.Rock&RollHeaven:AFascinatingGuideto

MusicalIconsWhoHaveJoinedtheGreatGigintheSky.Hauppauge,NY: Barron’sEducationalSeries,2007.Biographiesofnow-deceasedmusicians.

Evans,David.TheNPRCuriousListener’sGuidetoBlues.NewYork:Perigee,2005.Feather,Leonard.TheEncyclopediaofJazzintheSixties.NewYork:DaCapo,1986.Feather,Leonard.“Charles,Ray.”InTheEncyclopediaofJazzintheSeventies,editedby

LeonardFeatherandIraGitler,89-90.FairHills,NJ:Horizon,1977.Feather,Leonard.TheNewEditionoftheEncyclopediaofJazz.NewYork:Bonanza,1960.

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Floyd,SamuelA.Jr.andMarshaJ.Reisser.BlackMusicBiography:AnAnnotatedBibliography.WhitePlains,NY:KrausInternational,1987.

Friedwald,Will.ABiographicalGuidetotheGreatJazzandPopSingers,78-82.NewYork:

Pantheon,2010.Gammond,Peter.TheOxfordCompaniontoPopularMusic.NewYork:OxfordUniversity

Press,1991.Garraty,JohnA.andJeromeL.Sternstein.EncyclopediaofAmericanBiography.New

York:Harper&Row,1974.Goldberg,Joe.JazzMastersoftheFifties.London:Collier-Macmillan,1967.Abiography

ofRayCharlesandhisinfluenceonjazz.Gorlinski,Gini,ed.The100MostInfluentialMusiciansofAllTime.NewYork:Britannica

Educational,2010.Profilesandbiographiesof100musicians.Gregory,Hugh.Who’sWhoinCountryMusic.London:WeidenfeldandNicolson,1993.Gulla,Bob.IconsofR&BandSoul:AnEncyclopediaoftheArtistsWhoRevolutionized

Rhythm.Westport,CT:Greenwood,2008.OffersanoverviewonhowcertainartistsimpactedAmericancultureandsocialissues.VolumeoneincludesinformationonCharles.

Guralnick,Peter.“RayCharles.”InTheRollingStoneIllustratedHistoryofRock&Roll,

editedbyJimMiller.NewYork:RandomHouse,1976.Hardy,PhilandDaveLaing,eds.TheEncyclopediaofRock,Vol.2.Frogmore,

Hertfordshire,UK:Panther,1976.Harris,Sheldon.BluesWho’sWho:ABiographicalDictionaryofBluesSingers,5thedition.

NewYork:DaCapo,1981.Helander,Brock.TheRockWho’sWho.NewYork:Schirmer,1996.Herzhaft,Gérard.EncyclopediaoftheBlues.Fayetteville,AR:UniversityofArkansas

Press,1997.Hildebrand,Lee.StarsofSoulandRhythm&Blues:TopRecordingArtistsand

ShowstoppingPerformers,fromMemphisandMotowntoNow,40-42.NewYork:Billboard,1994.

Hochman,Steve,ed.PopularMusicians,Vol.1.Pasadena,CA:Salem,1999.

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Hoffman,FrankW.RhythmandBlues,Rap,andHip-Hop.NewYork:FactsOnFile,2006.

Reflectsonmusicians,likeCharles,whopioneerednewgenresthatinterwoveoldstyles.

Jackson,IreneV.Afro-AmericanReligiousMusic:ABibliographyandaCatalogueof

GospelMusic.Westport,CT:Greenwood,1979.Kernfeld,Barry,ed.“Charles,Ray.”InTheNewGroveDictionaryofJazz,editedbyBarry

Kernfeld.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2009.Kingsbury,Paul,ed.TheEncyclopediaofCountryMusic:TheUltimateGuidetotheMusic.

NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1998.Komara,Edward,ed.EncyclopediaoftheBlues,Vol.2:K-Z.NewYork:Routledge,2005.Larkin,Colin.TheVirginEncyclopediaoftheBlues.London:Virgin,1998.Larkin,Colin,ed.TheGuinnessEncyclopediaofPopularMusic.2ndedition.Enfield,

Middlesex,UK:Guinness,1995.Logan,NickandBobWoffinden.TheIllustratedNewMusicalExpressEncyclopediaof

Rock.London:Salamander,1977.Marco,GayA.andFrankAndrews,eds.EncyclopediaofRecordedSoundintheUnited

States.NewYork:Garland,1993.Mathieson,Kenny.“Charles,Ray.”InEncyclopediaoftheBlues,Vol.1:A-J,editedby

EdwardKomara,192-193.London:Routledge,2005.Matney,WilliamC.,ed.Who’sWhoAmongBlackAmericans,2ndedition.Northbrook,IL:

Who’sWhoAmongBlackAmericansInc.,1978.Meadows,EddieS.Blues,Funk,RhythmandBlues,Soul,HipHop,andRap:AResearch

andInformationalGuide.NewYork:Routledge,2010.Meeker,David.JazzintheMovies:AGuidetoJazzMusicians,1917-1977.NewRochelle,

NY:ArlingtonHouse,1977.Nite,NormN.RockOn:TheIllustratedEncyclopediaofRockN’Roll,Volume1,2ndedition.

NewYork:HarperResource,1992.Pendergast,TomandSaraPendergast,eds.St.JamesEncyclopediaofPopularCulture.

Detroit:St.James,2000.

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Pilchak,AngelaM.ContemporaryMusicians:ProfilesofthePeopleinMusic,Volume54.

Detroit:ThomasonGale,2006.Compressivebiographicalessaysanddiscographiesonmodernmusicians,includingCharles.

Pollock,BruceandNatShapiro,eds.PopularMusic:AnAnnotatedIndexofAmerican

PopularSongs,1980-1989.Detroit:Gale,1986.Randel,DonMichael,ed.HarvardConciseDictionaryofMusicandMusicians.Cambridge,

MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1999.Rees,DafyddandLukeCrampton.QEncyclopediaofRockStars.London:Dorling

Kindersley,1994.Roland,Paul,ed.JazzSingers:TheGreatSongStylistsinTheirOwnWords.NewYork:

Billboard,2000.Romanowski,Patricia,HollyGeorge-Warren,andJonPareles,eds.TheRollingStone

EncyclopediaofRock&Roll.NewYork:Fireside,2001.Roxon,LillianwithEdNaha.LillianRoxon’sRockEncyclopedia.NewYork:Grosset&

Dunlap,1978.Sadie,StanelyandGeorgeGrove,eds.TheNewGroveDictionaryofMusicandMusicians.

London:Macmillan,1980.Sanjek,David.“Charles,Ray.”InInternationalDictionaryofBlackComposers,editedby

SamuelA.Floyd,Jr.,211-217.Chicago:FitzroyDearborn,1999.Santelli,Robert.TheBigBookofBlues:ABiographicalEncyclopedia.NewYork:Penguin,

1993.Schinder,ScottandAndySchwartz.IconsofRock:AnEncyclopediaoftheLegendswho

ChangedMusicForever.Westport,CT:Greenwood,2008.Shadwick,Keith.EncyclopediaofJazzandBlues.London:Quintet,2001.Contains

biographiesofkeyfiguresof20thcenturyjazzandbluesmusic,includingCharles.Simon,GeorgeT.TheBestofMusicMakers:FromAcufftoEllingtontoPresleytoSinatra

toZappaand279MoreoftheMostPopularPerformersoftheLastFiftyYears.GardenCity,NY:Doubleday,1979.Biographiesofmusicians,includingCharles.

Skowronski,JoAnn.BlackMusicinAmerica:ABibliography.Metuchen,NJ:Scarecrow,

1981.

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Southern,Eileen,ed.BiographicalDictionaryofAfro-AmericanandAfricanMusicians.

Westport,CT:Greenwood,1982.StPierre,Roger.TheBestoftheBlues:TheEssentialCDGuide.SanFrancisco:Collins,

1993.Stambler,IrwinandGrelunLandon.EncyclopediaofFolk,Country,andWesternMusic,

2ndedition.NewYork:St.Martin’s,1983.Stambler,Irwin.EncyclopediaofPop,Rock,&Soul,Revisededition.NewYork:St.

Martin’s,1989.Tyler,Sean,ed.InternationalWho’sWhoinMusic:PopularMusicFirstEdition.

Cambridge,UK:Melrose,1996.Upshall,Michael,ed.TheHutchinsonPaperbackDictionaryofBiography.London:Arrow,

1990.Vernoff,EdwardandRimaShore.TheInternationalDictionaryof20thCenturyBiography.

NewYork:NewAmericanLibrary,1987.Children’sBooksBeyer,Mark.RayCharles.NewYork:RosenCentral,2003.AsimplifiedbiographyofRay

Charles,withlotsofimages,writtenforchildren.Ford,CarinT.RayCharles:“Iwasbornwithmusicinsideme.”BerkeleyHeights,NJ:

Enslow,2008.Anillustratedbiographyforgrades5-7.Hubbard-Brown,Janet.RayCharles.NewYork:ChelseaHouse,2008.AbiographyofRay

Charles,withsomeillustrations,madeforteens.Lester,Julius.TheBluesSingers:TenWhoRockedtheWorld.NewYork:HyperionBooks

forChildren,2001.Highlightsthecareersoftenmusicians,includingCharles;madeformiddleschoolreaders.

Mathis,SharonBell.RayCharles.NewYork:Lee&Low,2001.Anillustratedbiographymadeforgrades2-5thatfocusesonpositivesofCharles’life,thoughdoesdealwithracismanddisabilities.

Rediger,Pat.GreatAfricanAmericansinMusic.NewYork:Crabtree,1996.

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Ritz,David.RayCharles:VoiceofSoul.NewYork:ChelseaHouse,1994.Abiography,focusingonCharles’adolescentyears,writtenforgrades6-10.

Sloate,Susan.RayCharles:YoungMusician.NewYork:AladdinPaperbacks,2007.A

picturebookofRayCharles’childhoodforgradelevels3-5.Tate,EleanoraE.andJamesHaskins.AfricanAmericanMusicians.NewYork:Wiley,2000.Turk,Ruth.RayCharles:SoulMan.Minneapolis,MN:Lerner,1996.Anillustrated

biographymadeforgrades6-7.Winski,Norman.RayCharles.LosAngeles:MelroseSquare,1994.Ashortbiographyof

RayCharlesupto1980s.ItbeginswithKennedyCentreAwards,andthenexplainshowthemusiciangottothispoint.

Woog,Adam.RayCharlesandtheBirthofSoul.Detroit:Lucent,2006.Anillustrated

biographyformiddleschool-agedchildren.DissertationsFeder,J.Lester.“’SongoftheSouth’:Countrymusic,race,region,andthepoliticsof

culture,1920-1974.”PhDdiss.,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,2006.FeaturesRayCharlesinthefourthchapteronAfricanAmericaninterventionsoncountrymusicandhowtheyfailedtochangethisgenre’sracialconnotations.

Rischar,RichardAllan.“OneSweetDay:VocalOrnamentationandStyleintheAfrican-

AmericanPopularBallad,1991-1995.”PhDdiss.,UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,2000.AddressesthevocalstylesusedinAfricanAmericanballadsduringthe1990s,andincludesachapteronRayCharles.

MusicFoliosCharles,Ray.AlwaysAFriend.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.dCharles,Ray.BestofRayCharles.n.p.:AlfredMusic,n.d.Charles,Ray.BorntoLose.n.p.:Peermusic,n.d.Charles,Ray.GeorgiaOnMyMind.n.p.:HalLeonard,1997.Charles,Ray.ThePianoTranscriptions.London:Wise,2005.

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Charles,Ray.TheRayCharles80thAnniversarySheetMusicCollection:Piano/Vocal/Guitar.n.p.:AlfredMusic,2011.

Charles,Ray.RayCharles—AManandHisSoul.n.p.:AlfredMusic,1987.Charles,Ray.RayCharlesInstrumentalFolio.n.p.:ProgressiveMusic,1963.Charles,Ray.RayCharlesSongFolio.n.p.:ProgressiveMusic,1959.Charles,Ray.Ray—MusicfromtheMotionPictureSoundtrack.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,Ray.Ray—ProVocalSongbookandCDforMaleSingers.n.p.:HalLeonard,2008.Charles,Ray.UnchainMyHeart.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,Ray.YouDon’tKnowMe.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandBillyJoel.BabyGrand.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandDougAdams.HittheRoadJack.n.p.:AlfredMusic,n.d.Charles,RayandJohnWasson.ByeByeLove.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandJohnnieVinson.TributetoRayCharles.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandKirbyShaw.What’dISay—ATributetoRayCharles(Medley).n.p.:Hal

Leonard,2010.Charles,RayandLeonRussell.ASongForYou.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandMarkTaylor.HallelujahILoveHerSo.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandMichaelBrown.TheGeniusofRayCharles.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,Ray,MichaelBrown,andWillRapp.America,TheBeautiful/HallelujahILoveHer

So.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,Ray,NickCrispin,andPaulHoney.PlayPianoWith—RayCharles.London:Wise,

2005.Charles,RayandPaulMurtha.LettheGoodTimesRoll.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.Charles,RayandSteveZegree.Ray’sRockhouse.n.p.:HalLeonard,n.d.

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JournalandNewspaperArticlesAckerman,Paul,etal.“ATouchofGenius:TheRayCharlesStory.”Billboard78(October

15,1966):RCI-15.Albertson,Chris.“RayCharles.”StereoReview51(February1986):55-59.Anderö,Per.“RayCharles:‘TheRightReverend.’”Jeffersonno.29(Summer1975):25-30.Andrews,Bob,Jr.“Like…Charles.”JazzReport2,no.9(May1962):13.

Aronowitz,AlfredG.“What’sSoGreatAboutRayCharles?”SaturdayEveningPost

(August24,1963):74-76.Balliett,Whitney.“Profiles:It’sDetestableWhenYouLiveIt:RayCharles.”NewYorker46

(March28,1970):44-46.Blount,Ray,Jr.“RayCharles(1930-2004).”OxfordAmericanno.50(Summer2005):10-

12.Boehm,Mike.“RayCharlesatCrazyHorseFreer,MorePhysicalThanatArtsCenter.”Los

AngelesTimes(June2,1988):http://articles.latimes.com/1988-06-02/entertainment/ca-5898_1_crazy-horseCharlesdiscussesperformingandhisband.

Bristol,Marc.“TheGeniusSoulofRayCharles.”BlueSuedeNewsno.68(Fall2004):26-

27.Bryant,John.“WorkingforaGenius:MyTimewithRayCharles.”ModernDrummer29,

no.4(April2005):122-125.Campos,Paco.“Walkin’andTalkin’:BrotherRay.”SoloBluesno.5(1986):15-17.Charles,Ray.“IDon’tNeedtoSee.”MusicJournal28(January1970):30-31.Charles,Ray.“I’dLovetoWorkwithaSmallComboAgain.”Crescendo10(November

1971):14-15.Christgau,Robert.“RayCharles,1930-2004.”VillageVoice49,no.24(June16-22,2004):

85.

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Christon,Lawrence.“RayCharlesProudToBeALegend.”LosAngelesTimes(December24,1986):http://articles.latimes.com/1986-12-24/entertainment/ca-66_1_ray-charlesCharlesdiscussesgenres,blindness,andraceinthisinterview.

Cerulli,Dom.“RayCharles:BigManinBlues.”DownBeat23(November28,1956):54.A

biographyofCharleslifeuntilthe1950s,whichincludesacoupleofquotesfromCharles.

Coleman,Mark.“Q&A:RayCharles.”RollingStoneno.771(October16,1997):34.

InterviewthatincludesCharlesdiscussinghisvariousgenres,publicity,andmusic.

Collier,JamesLincoln.“RemarkableSagaofRayCharles.”Reader’sDigest109(October

1976):229-230.Cooke,Jack.“RayCharlesinPerson.”JazzMonthly9,no.5(July1963):6-8.Cooper,B.Lee.“RayCharles(1930-2004):ReflectionsonLegends.“PopularMusicand

Society28,no1(February2005):111-112.AnobituarythatreflectsonCharles’musicandhiseffectsonothermusicians.

Cullaz,Maurice.“RayCharles.”JazzHotno.225(November1969):6-7.Cullen,ThomasJ.III.“TheGeniusofSoulTalksAbouttheBluesandNothingButthe

Blues:RayCharles.”BluesRevueno.24(August/September1996):24-28,30-31.Cummings,Tony.“RayCharles:LegendwithaNewLeaseofLife.”BlackMusic1,no.6

(May1974):34-35.DeCurtis,Anthony.“RayCharles,1930-2004.”RollingStoneno.952/953(July8-22,

2004):97-98.DeMain,Bill.“5MinuteswithRayCharles.”PerformingSongwriter10,no.66(December

2002):20-21.DeMain,Bill.“10QuestionsforRayCharles.”Mojono.110(January2003):41-42.DiPerna,Alan.“HomeStudio:RayCharles.”Musiciansno.240(November1998):24-26.Doggett,Peter.“Genius+Soul=RayCharles.”RecordCollectorno.250(June2000):97-

105.Doggett,Peter.“RayCharles.”RecordCollectorno.45(May1983):40-46.

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Doggett,Peter.“RayCharles:Genius&Soul.”RecordCollectorno.219(November1997):78-79.

Doggett,Peter.“RayCharlesonCD.”RecorderCollectorno.251(July2000):132-133.Doncaster,PatrickandChrisRoberts.“X-RayonCharles.”MelodyMaker(May18,1963):

4-5.Dove,Ian.“’IDon’tKnowWhatistheRealMe’AdmitsRayCharles,”NewMusicalExpress

(May24,1963):9.InterviewwhereCharlestalksaboutsuchtopicsashissongs,nickname,success,andgenres.

Dove,Ian.“TooHardaJobforRayCharles?”NewMusicalExpress(May17,1963):2.Dove,Ian.“WelcometoRayCharles.”NewMusicalExpress(May10,1963):2.Evans,Mike.“RayCharlesintheDangerZone.”LetItRockno.22(July1974):40-43.“Fantastic!:That’sCharlesinPerson.”MelodyMaker(May11,1969):7.Feather,Leonard.“FreeFlow:AConversationwithRayCharles.”DownBeat30,no.25

(September12,1963):18-19.LonginterviewwhereCharlesdiscusseshislife,music,andgenres.

Feather,Leonard.“’IDon’tLikeBeingCopied’:InterviewwithRayCharles.”Melody

Maker(March30,1963):11.Feather,Leonard.“AMessagefromRay.”MelodyMaker(July15,1972):49.Feather,Leonard.“PianoGiantsofJazz:RayCharles.”ContemporaryKeyboard6,no.7

(July1980):62.Fong-Torres,Ben.“TheRollingStoneInterview:RayCharles.”RollingStoneno.126

(January18,1973):28-36.AbriefbiographyaswellasaninterviewthatdiscussesCharles’childhood,blindness,music,productions,friends,andrace.

Fowler,Pete.“Drownin’inMyOwnTears.”Creamno.11(March1972):18-22.Gardner,Barbara.“TheBrightNightWorldofRayCharles.”DownBeat27(July7,1960):

20-22.George,Nelson.“RayCharles&Soul.”JazzPodium39(April1990):3-5.Gillett,Charlie.“WellThat’s25YearsinShowbiz…”Creamno.11(March1972):23.

20

Graff,Gary.“RayCharles.”MusicConnection26,no.10(May13-26,2002):30-33.Grendysa,Peter.“40YearsofGenius:RayCharles.”RecordCollector’sMonthly

(November1988).Hentoff,Nat.“TheNightRayCharlesCametoTown.”HiFi/StereoReview14(June1965):

62.Hutchinson,Lydia.“HappyBirthday,RayCharles—WeMissYou!”PerformingSongwriter

86(September23,2012):http://performingsongwriter.com/raycharles-interview/Takenfromanolderinterview,Charlesdiscussessongwritingandsongs.

“InterviewwithRayCharlesand‘MyWorld.’EntertainmentMagazine(1993):

http://entertainmentmagazine.net/celebrities/charles/myworld.htmlCharlesdiscussesinthisinterviewtoday’smusic,performing,commercial

endorsements,andhisalbum,MyWorld.Jackson,Blair.“RecordingNotes:ClassicTracks:RayCharles’‘What’dISay.’”Mix28,no.

11(October2004):130,132.Jackson,Milt.“RayCharles,MiltJackson.”JazzTimes20,no.6(June1990):40-49.Jones,Max.“BackstagewithRay,‘TheGenius.’”MelodyMaker43(September28,1968)”

10.Jordan,Scott.“RayCharles:AnOffbeatInterview.”Offbeat8,no.5(1995):60-61,64-65,

67-68.Kahn,Hamilton.“ILivetoSing,SaysRayCharles.”MelodyMaker(July28,1962):8.Katz,Robin.“BrotherRay.”TheHistoryofRock2,no.5(c.1981):323-329.Kimberley,Nick.“TheGeniusofBrotherRay.”TheWireno.17(July1985):27-29.King,George.“BeingBlackandBlindHelpedMe!:InterviewwithRayCharles.”Melody

Maker(July28,1962):8.Levenson,Jeff.“What’dISay:AConversationwithRayCharles.”DownBeat56,no.1

(January1989):16-19.

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Lydon,Michael.“RememberingBrotherRay:‘YouHavetoObserveLife’–aPersonalRemembranceofRayCharles.”BluesRevueno.90(October/November 2004):26-28.

Maher,Jack.“RayCharlesCarriedtheBall–ThenEverybodyElseBeganScoringBig.”

Billboard74(November10,1962):34.Marsh,Dave.“RayCharles.”OxfordMusicOnline.TheGrovesDictionaryofAmerica

Music,2ndedition.2012.AcompleteandcondensebiographyofRayCharles.Matre,LynnVan.“RayCharles:ThirtyYearsofSoulSupport.”ChicagoTribune(April11,

1976):E3.Charlestalksabouthismusic,childhood,andlife.Milkowski,Bill.“AfterMidnight:RayCharles&SteveTurre.”JazzTimes30,no.8(October

2000):48-53.Mitchell,Gail.“RayCharles:TheBillboardInterview.”Billboard114(June22,2002):22,

28,30,32.Morgenstern,Dan.“TheImpactofRayCharles.”Jazz1(October1962):4-5.Morrison,Allan.“RayCharles.”JazzJournal13,no.12(December1960):3-5.NationalUrbanLeague.“InMemoriam:RayCharles.”TheStateofBlackAmerica.2005.A

shortobituaryonRayCharles.Newton,F.“ThatNightwithRayCharles.”MelodyMaker35(November19,1960):12-13.Palmer,Robert.“SoulSurvivor:RayCharles.”RollingStoneno.258(February9,1978):

11-14.Pareles,JonandBernardWeinraub.“RayCharles,BluesyEssenceofSoul,IsDeadat73.”

NewYorkTimes(June11,2004):A1.AlongobituarythatincludesmanyquotesfromRayCharlesfromanearlierinterview.

Paxton,Joshua.“TheGospelStyleofRayCharles.”PianoToday18,no.2(Spring1998):

33-37.

Perlberg,R.“BlindWorldofRayCharles.”Sepia11(February1962):24-26.Quinn,Bill.“PlayboyInterview:RayCharles.“Playboyno.195(March1970).“RayCharles:RememberingRay.”RollingStoneno.952/953(July8-22,2004):102,104,

132-133.

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“RayCharlesSpeaksFactsandInsights.”Sepia11(February1962):23.“RayCharles:WideningtheRange.”JazzPodium43(September1994):10-12.Reggero,John.“CelebrityQ&A:RayCharles.”USMagazine(July30,1984).Ritz,David.“BeingwithRay.”Essence(August1979).Ritz,David.“LastWordsofBrotherRay.”RollingStoneno.952/953(July8-22,2004):98-

100.“TheRockandRollHallofFame:Rock’sTopTen.”RollingStonesno.467(February13

1986):33-35,37,41-42,44,46.Roberts,Chris.“RayCharles:TheSingerWhoSellsSoul.”MelodyMaker(June30,1962):

8-9.Robinson,Louie.“EnduringGeniusofRayCharles:FromFolktoRock,MostArtistsOwea

DebttoMulti-TalentedMusicians.”Ebony29(October1974):125-128.DiscussesCharles’childhood,educationalandmusicalbackground,aswellasmusicalinfluences.

Robinson,RuthAdkins.“RayCharles:PublicGenius,PrivateMan.”PerformingSongwriter

6,no.29(March/April1999):40-46.Rusch,Bob.“RappingwithRayCharles.”Cadence1(October1976):3-4,9.Salvo,PatrickandB.Salvo.“RayCharlesonSoul,DopeandBlindness.”Sepia24(July

1975):44-50.Siders,Harvey.“ARayCharlesInterview.”Shoutno.30(August31,1968):41-44.Silver,Marc.“StillSoulfulafterAllTheseYears.”U.S.NewsandWorldReport123,no.11

(September22,1997).Soporek,Wojciech.“RayCharles:There’sNothingLiketheRealThing.”JazzForumno.94

(1985):44-48.“TheSoulofRayCharles.”Ebony15(September1960):99-107.ExplainsCharles’

personalbackground,musicalbeginnings,andfamily.Stewart-Baxter,Derrick.“BluesforToday:APortraitofRayCharles.”JazzJournal11,no.

12(December1958):33.

23

Tuttle,Raymond.“MusicKingCharles.”Esquire128(August1997).Weber,Bruce.“RollingStonePortraits:RayCharles.”RollingStoneno.643(November

12,1992):83-92.Webster,Charles.“RayCharlesInterview.”HotButteredSoulno.29(c.1974):4-6.Welding,Pete.“RayCharles:SeniorDiplomatofSoul.”DownBeat44,no.9(May5,

1977):12-15.“WhyRayCharlesSingsCountryMusic.”Sepia11(September1962):49-52.Wild,David.“BrotherRayIsatItAgain.”RollingStoneno.23(April29,1993).Wilmer,Valerie.“Charles:StillGottheBlues.”MelodyMaker(October23,1976):49.“TheYearofRayCharles.”Sepia16(June1967):8-14.WebsitesNPR.“RememberingRayCharles.”NPRStories.

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1954799 InterviewwithRayCharlesfrom1998,aswellasothermusicianswhoworked

closelywithCharles.NPR.“RayCharlesOnPianoJazz.”MarianMcPartland’sPianoJazz.

http://www.npr.org/2007/07/11/15045495/ray-charles-on-piano-jazz RecordingincludesCharles’playingpianoathome,aswellasasmallinterview

talkingabouthischildhoodandperforming.TheRayCharlesFoundation.“RayCharles.”Homepage.http://www.raycharles.com

MadebyRayCharles’foundation,whichincludesabiographyandalistofrecordings.

TheRayCharlesFoundation.“TheRayCharlesFoundation.”Homepage.

http://www.theraycharlesfoundation.org/ExplainsthemissionstatementandhistoryoftheRayCharlesFoundation.

“RayCharlesdocumentary(1986)”YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wv-

VAS_zogRayCharlestalksabouthiswholelife,hisstyle,andhisinfluences.

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“RayCharlesInterviewDickCavett1”YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn1ufYuIxccInterviewfromtheDickCavattShowairedinJune1,1972

“RayCharlesInterviewPart1-TheEdBernsteinShow.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ4ixUaqf8s&list=RDTn1ufYuIxcc&index=3FromaMarch18,1999interviewfromtheEdBernsteinShow

“RayCharlesInterviewPart2-TheEdBernsteinShow.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYvL7nNu5b0&list=RDTn1ufYuIxcc&index=8FromaMarch18,1999interviewfromtheEdBernsteinShow

“RayCharlesonArtTatum,OscarPeterson&NatKingCole.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=716GbRD--IUClintEastwoodinterviewsCharlesabouthismusicalheroes,takenfromEastwood’s2003documentary,PianoBlues.

“RayCharlesTalksaboutAirplanes&HisChildhood.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpnUTg1wH-8&index=4&list=RDTn1ufYuIxccPartoneofinterviewfromtheDickCavattShowairedonSeptember18,1972

“RayCharlesTalksaboutDrugs.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0QWBoBzMN4&list=RDTn1ufYuIxcc&index=2PartthreeofinterviewfromtheDickCavattShowairedonSeptember18,1972

“RayCharlesTalksaboutHisMusicalPreferences.”YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnoTekm60RA&index=6&list=RDTn1ufYuIxccSecondpartofinterviewfromtheDickCavattShowairedonSeptember18,1973.

Stumpel,Bob.“RayCharlesVideoMuseum.”Homepage.

http://raycharlesvideomuseum.blogspot.comAblogthatincludeslinks,photos,videos,interviews,andabibliographyonRayCharles.