ray resendes intelligent technologies research division national highway traffic safety...
TRANSCRIPT
Ray ResendesIntelligent Technologies Research Division
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Ray ResendesIntelligent Technologies Research Division
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Overview of NHTSA Research
for Enhancing Safety
ITS America Annual MeetingJune 4, 2007
Overview of NHTSA Research
for Enhancing Safety
ITS America Annual MeetingJune 4, 2007
The Crash EpidemicThe Crash Epidemic
15,200,000 Total Crashes
4,304,000*Property Damage Crashes
1,816,000* Injury Crashes
9,000,000 Unreported Crashes
*Police-Reported
43,44343,443FatalitiesFatalities
(2005)(2005)
Fatal CrashesFatal Crashes 39,189*
Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in the
United States for 2001, by Age Group
Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in the
United States for 2001, by Age Group
Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Motor Vehicle Fatalities
32,127 32,225 32,043 32,843 31,904 31,693 31,415
2,483 2,897 3,197 3,270 3,661 4,008 4,553
7,107 6,823 6,956 6,892 7,078 6,935 7,475
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Passenger Vehicle Occupants Motorcycle Riders Truck & Bus Occupants/Non-Motorists
Motor Vehicle InjuriesMotor Vehicle Injuries
3,236,000 3,189,0003,033,000
2,926,000 2,889,0002,790,000
2,699,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Automotive Technologies
Timeline
Automotive Technologies
Timeline
2014
Electronic Stability Control
Adaptive Cruise Control
Lane Departure Warning
Roll Stability Control
Blind Spot Warning
Brake Assist
2010
Driver Warning
& Driving
Assistance
SystemsRear-End Collision Avoidance System
2006
Automatic Braking
Road Departure Warning Systems
Intersection Collision Avoidance
Systems
Alcohol / Impairment Detection
Automatic Collision Notification
Night Vision
Integrated Safety Concept
Crash Time Line
Integrated Safety Concept
Crash Time Line
Severity Reduction
Prevention Injury Mitigation
Medical Attention
Developed by: Joseph N. Kanianthra
Warn Intervene Protect Notify
Research Mission and GoalsResearch Mission and Goals
• Advance Scientific Knowledge in Support of NHTSA's Mission
– Identify Opportunities for Increasing Safety• Crashworthiness, Crash Avoidance, Restraint systems
– Understand Performance of Advanced Technologies• Crash Prevention, Crash Severity Reduction, Integrated Safety
– Develop Objective Tests to Discriminate Performance
– Address Human-Vehicle Performance Issues
– Retain Leadership in Human Injury Research
– Support Rulemaking, Consumer Information and Enforcement Programs Research Programs in Vehicle Safety
Pre-Crash Scenario Typology
Total of 36 scenarios = 99.4% of all light vehicle crashes
No Scenario Frequency Rel. Freq.1 Rear-end/lead vehicle stopped 975,000 16.4% 16%2 Control loss/no vehicle action 529,000 8.9%3 Turn @ non signal 435,000 7.3%4 Rear-end/lead vehicle decelerating 428,000 7.2%5 Road edge departure/no maneuver 334,000 5.6%6 Changing lanes/same direction 338,000 5.7%7 Animal/no maneuver 305,000 5.1% 40%8 Straight crossing paths @ non signal 264,000 4.4%9 Running red light 254,000 4.3%
10 Turning/same direction 222,000 3.7%11 Left turn across path/opposite direction @ signal 220,000 3.7%12 Rear-end/lead vehicle moving 210,000 3.5%13 Left turn across path/opposite direction @ non signal 190,000 3.2%14 Backing into vehicle 131,000 2.2%15 Opposite direction/no maneuver 124,000 2.1% 27%
949,000 16%Remaning 21 Scenarios
Relevant Technologies that may Help Avoid a Crash
Relevant Technologies that may Help Avoid a Crash
Rear-End – 29%• Forward Radar
•Adaptive Cruise Control
•Brake Assist
•Vision Enhancement
Road Departure – 23%•Electronic Stability Control
•Lane Departure Warning
•Lane Keeping
•Curve Speed WarningIntersection – 26%•Forward Radar
•Vehicle Communications
•Violation Warning
•Emergency Brake Light
Lane Change/Merge – 9%•Blind Spot Detection
•Side Radar
Backing – 2%•Rear-View Camera
•Backing SensorPedestrian/Cyclist & Animal– 6%•Night Vision
Crash Avoidance Parameter Estimation
Crash Avoidance Parameter Estimation
Crash Problem
Definition
Crash Problem
Definition
Performance Specifications/
Test Procedures
Performance Specifications/
Test Procedures
Field Operational
Test
Field Operational
Test
System Design/ Build
Counter-measure Concepts
Crash Data
Exposure Data
Crashes Avoided = No. Crashes (1 – Crash Prevention Ratio Scenario Exposure Ratio)
Measuring the Safety Impact
Measuring the Safety Impact
• Adaptive Cruise Control17% Reduction
• Rear-End Crash Warning26% Reduction
• Road Departure Crash Warning32%Reduction
Electronic Stability Control Research
Electronic Stability Control Research
• Developed over-steer prevention performance test for NPRM.
• Researching under-steer mitigation and roll stability control (RSC) for light vehicles.
• Researching Heavy Truck ESC and RSC systems.
• Anticipate future rulemaking
Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems
Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems
Rear-end, run-off-road, and lane change crash
countermeasure systems could prevent over 48% or 1,836,000
target crashes.
4
IVBSS Program Schedule
System Design
Conduct FOT
FOT Start 07/08
FOT End 07/09
Perform independent evaluation
Gov’t-initiated activity
Partner-led activityPreparatory Analyses
Prototype vehicle testing
Build FOT Fleets
Build prototype vehicles
DVI/HF Testing
Program Start 12/05
Benefits 12/09
Functional Requirements Performance Guidelines
4/07-9/07
Go/No Go Decision
12/07
P2
P1
LatRLCWRFCW
VP2
VP1VS, LatVS
Avoid RE with slower POV1, then encounter LC with adjacent POV2
Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System (CICAS-V)
Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System (CICAS-V)
CICAS-V$19 B
2,700 Fatalities
Within-Intersection$18 B
2,500 Fatalities
Intersection-Related$1.0 B
230 Fatalities
Traffic Signal$12 B
1,200 Fatalities
Stop Sign$6.2 B
1,300 Fatalities
Traffic Signal$490 M
100 Fatalities
Stop Sign$540 M
130 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only
$12 B1,100 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only
$6.0 B1,300 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only$260 M
<100 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only$200 M
<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$210 M<100 Fatalities
Non-CrossingPath
$250 M<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$230 M<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$340 M<100 Fatalities
CICAS-V$19 B
2,700 Fatalities
Within-Intersection$18 B
2,500 Fatalities
Intersection-Related$1.0 B
230 Fatalities
Traffic Signal$12 B
1,200 Fatalities
Stop Sign$6.2 B
1,300 Fatalities
Traffic Signal$490 M
100 Fatalities
Stop Sign$540 M
130 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only
$12 B1,100 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only
$6.0 B1,300 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only$260 M
<100 Fatalities
Crossing Path Only$200 M
<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$210 M<100 Fatalities
Non-CrossingPath
$250 M<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$230 M<100 Fatalities
Non-Crossing Path
$340 M<100 Fatalities
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5 Benefits & Acceptance
1/08 6/08 6/09 6/10
Phase I Phase II
Specifications
Go/No Go
Objective and subjective data collection
DVI research
System design
Build & validate
prototype
Build fleet & conduct FOT
Alternative DVIs Safety Data
Specifications Test Procedures
System Prototype
CY 2008
Perform independent evaluation
CY 2009 CY 2010
Test Procedures Start FOT End FOT Final Report
CY 2006 CY 2007
7/09System testing and
Objective Test Validation
7/08VSC System Test Bed
11/08Objective Test Procedures
11/08
11/07DSRC+Positioning onlySafety System
5/08
DSRC+Positioning and Autonomous Sensing
Safety System Analysis -Paper Study
10/07VSC System Definition
8/07VSC and Autonomous Safety Systems
11/08
11/07
3/07 Standards and Other DOT
Programs
11/09Overall VSC-A
Project Activities
VSC-A Schedule
Vehicle Safety Communication Applications
Vehicle Safety Communication Applications
DSRC DSRC
Candidate Safety Applications
Candidate Safety Applications
• Emergency Electronic Brake Lights (EEBL)
• Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
• Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)
• Blind Spot Warning + Lane Change Warning (BSW + LCW)
• Do Not Pass Warning (DNPW)
Driver Monitoring Systems
Driver Monitoring Systems
• Safety Belt Reminder Systems
• Distraction Monitoring System
• Teen Driver Monitoring
• Alcohol Impairment Monitoring
SAVE-IT
In-Vehicle Impairment Detection
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
• Research Supports Rulemaking Needs
• New Technologies Offer New Opportunities for Enhancing Safety
• Effectiveness Evaluation is Essential for Facilitating Deployment
• Seamless Integration of Crash Prevention and Occupant Protection is the Future
• Leveraging Resources and Collaborative Efforts Needed
• Limited Longer-Term Research Will Help