rc practice five-1

8/2/2019 RC Practice Five-1

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RC Practice Five Part-I


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3/22

Biofuel production passage

The developed countries have planned to derive energy from plants in the form of

ethanol. This alternate energy, best known as biofuel, is championed as anaffordable alternative to fossil fuels by its major benefactors, United States of

America (USA) and European Union (EU). They believe that replacing petrol anddiesel with biofuels will play a significant part in reducing carbon emissions andthe effects of climate change. They are convinced that biofuel energy has thepotential to reduce and stabilize the escalating oil prices, open up new markets,which may be very beneficial to poor countries. According to their prediction, a

multi-billion dollar biofuel industry will be able to provide 25 % of the world'senergy within 10-15 years.

While the optimism surrounding biofuel and its potential to become an effectiverenewable source of energy continues to prevail, we are beginning to hear thevoices of vehement skepticism from many developing countries. One of thereasons could be the heavy handed approach adopted by the USA and someEuropean countries. The voracious energy requirements of these developed

economies are thrust on the under-developed countries. It is feared thatcultivation of corn and other cereals in abundance, to meet their enormous needof 550 million tonnes can rob the farmlands in poor countries of fertility; thepeople of their food; and the nations of their economic sovereignty. Large scalecultivation of food crops such as corn, barley, sorghum, rye, millet and oatsexclusively for biofuel also has severe economic, ecological and ethicalconsequences. A recent study says that the world consumes 604 million tonnes

of these crops, while the production stands at about 679 million tonnes.
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The available surplus is only about 77 million tonnes, which is far too less whencompared to the existing demand from the biofuel industries. This means an impetus toincrease the supply would result in an increase in the cultivable area devoted to energycrops. Last year, Brazil and China grew these crops on nearly 50 million acres in thesame year. Global production of energy crops doubles every few years. Increasing

pressure on countries like Indonesia has led to a severe environmental crisis. Forestsare felled giving way to plantations and farms, growing raw materials for ethanolproduction. Following similar alarming trends, the UN warns, "the use of large scalecropping (for energy purposes) could lead to significant biodiversity loss, soil erosionand nutrient leaching." A more imposing threat is the mushrooming competitionbetween food and fuel. Many economists opine that the existing policies and politics ofbioenergy will impact global food prices adversely. Growing food crops to feed theethanol production plants, fueling the affluent economies of the world provides a roadmap to an impending global food shortage. Promotion of biofuel energy in poorcountries will present us with a scenario where the rich burn food in their automobiles,while people starve. The World Bank observes that the cereals and grains providing thebiomass required to fill the tank of a sport utility vehicle with ethanol could feed oneperson for a year. The competition between food and fuel is very much real. If theaspirations of developed countries are allowed to dictate the future of agriculture inmost parts of Africa and Asia, we are running the risk of worsening the food vs fuel

conflict. Attempts by the western world to project biofuel as an environment friendlyalternate to fossil fuels has been unsuccessful. Their belief that biofuel will contributesignificantly to control carbon emissions and reduce their dependence on fossil fuels iswidely debated. The promises of bioenergy as the provider of extraordinaryopportunities to address climate change, energy security and rural development hasalso not manifested in reality. It is time we focus on the real issues. We must choose tofeed people rather than the engines of luxury vehicles. For this, we need to resist being

lured into an economic and environmental catastrophe.
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Question

Which of the following reflects the author's views on biofuel?

Choices are:

(A) It is a tool used by the developed countries to assert their strategic

and political authority over the developing world for energy security. (B) It is a bait to trap the growing economies to render the agricultural

infrastructure of the poor countries fruitless.

(C) It is an effective pollution management tool.

(D) It is an immediate threat to energy security of the western world as it

empowers the poor countries with the most useful commodity - fuel. (E) It is portrayed as a boon and the panacea for all the major challenges

of the world, but in reality, a bane that satisfies the greed of affluentcountries by depriving the poor of their needs.
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Answer

Which of the following reflects the author's views on biofuel?

Choices are:

(A) It is a tool used by the developed countries to assert their strategic

and political authority over the developing world for energy security. (B) It is a bait to trap the growing economies to render the agricultural

infrastructure of the poor countries fruitless.

(C) It is an effective pollution management tool.

(D) It is an immediate threat to energy security of the western world as it

empowers the poor countries with the most useful commodity - fuel. (E) It is portrayed as a boon and the panacea for all the major challenges

of the world, but in reality, a bane that satisfies the greed of affluentcountries by depriving the poor of their needs. (Correct answer)
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Question

Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

Choices are:

(A) Economic reforms need to reflect the expectations of the working

class. (B) Globalization is key to strengthening Brazil and China's position as

potential super powers in the world.

(C) USA and EU hamper efforts to achieve international co operations intackling energy related issues facing the world.

(D) Alleviation of poverty in the world should be given priority over energysecurity of developed countries.

(E) Patronizing the aspirations of African and Asian countries is notessential for a greener and a more environment-friendly world.


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Answer

Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

Choices are:

(A) Economic reforms need to reflect the expectations of the workingclass.

(B) Globalization is key to strengthening Brazil and China's position aspotential super powers in the world.

(C) USA and EU hamper efforts to achieve international co operations intackling energy related issues facing the world.

(D) Alleviation of poverty in the world should be given priority over energysecurity of developed countries. (Correct answer)

(E) Patronizing the aspirations of African and Asian countries is notessential for a greener and a more environment-friendly world.
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9/22

Evolution Vs Creation passage

Debates about evolution typically take the form of a contest or conflictbetween two competing ideas, evolutionary theory and creationism. Theyare generally assumed incompatible and mutually exclusive. Whether ornot creationism and evolution contradict each other depends entirelyupon what is meant by "creationism," an ambiguity which EvolutionDeniers are able to exploit for political and religious purposes. If by"creationism" we simply mean the belief that the universe, the world,and/or life itself was originally caused by God, gods, or othersupernatural means, then creationism and evolution do not necessarilycontradict. Evolution has nothing to say about the origins of the universe,the world, or life itself. Evolution is about the development of life; aperson can accept evolution as the best explanation for the diversity anddevelopment of life on Earth while also believing that the Earth and the

life on it were first caused by God. On the other hand, perhaps by"creationism" we mean a literal reading of the Book of Genesis from theBible or some other ancient religious account of the origins anddevelopment of life on Earth. This is the type of creationism oftenadopted by those seeking to have it replace evolution in science classesand it does directly contradict evolution because they can't both be trueand a person can't believe both simultaneously.
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10/22

Question

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Choices are:

(A) emphasize the point Evolution and creation need not necessarily bemutually exclusive.

(B) Bring out how Evolution and Creationism are mutually exclusive.

(C) Show how evolutionary theory is different from Creationism.

(D) Show the difference in the portrayal Creationism in Genesis and

other ancient religious texts. (E) Describe the two different view of Creationism and suggest the better

one.
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Answer

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Choices are:

(A) emphasize the point Evolution and creation need not necessarily bemutually exclusive. (Correct answer)

(B) Bring out how Evolution and Creationism are mutually exclusive.

(C) Show how evolutionary theory is different from Creationism.

(D) Show the difference in the portrayal Creationism in Genesis and

other ancient religious texts. (E) Describe the two different view of Creationism and suggest the better

one.
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Question

When Creationism is meant a belief that life is created by God andEvolution

is accepted as an explanation for diversity of life on earth, then

Choices are:

(A) Creationism and Evolution are mutually exclusive

(B) Creationism and Evolutionary theory are complementary

(C) both can not be accepted as true

(D) They directly contradict each other (E) Evolution will replace Creationism in science classes
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Answer

When Creationism is meant a belief that life is created by God andEvolution is accepted as an explanation for diversity of life on earth,then

Choices are:

(A) Creationism and Evolution are mutually exclusive

(B) Creationism and Evolutionary theory are complementary (Correct answer)

(C) both can not be accepted as true

(D) They directly contradict each other

(E) Evolution will replace Creationism in science classes


14/22

Economic Boom and Consumerism passage

Indian economy is booming now and has been growing at 9 per cent for two

successive years, with last year's 9.4 per cent growth-the highest in eighteenyears. India is now the second fastest growing major economy in the world. Thisgrowth is undoubtedly driven by the demand. Changing demographic profiles,increasing income levels, urbanization, technology and globalization are bringingabout a dramatic shift in consumer tastes and preferences. The rise in consumerspending in India is also attributed to the significant improvement in the standardof living of the Indian consumers in the last few years. The fast moving consumer

goods (FMCG) segment has shown a growth of over 15.5 per cent and promisesto be a great revenue spinner

Three important reasons are responsible for this spectacular rise in consumption.The first is that India is one of the youngest nations in the world. Recently, thecountry is witnessing the emergence of a new class of very affluent youngIndians. Affluent youngsters in India with a median age of 24.5 years will play an

increasingly important role in consumption sector. Around 60 percent ofpopulation today is below the age of thirty years. Such young working populationwill not only drive productivity but also set a spiraling effect in consumption andincome generation. Increase in the employment of women among the work forceis another factor that will boost economic growth, income and consumption in thelong run. Womens participation in the work force grew to 31 % in 2005 from 26 %in 2001. The increasing trends translate into an additional $ 35 billion of GDP

growth over the next five years alone.
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The third and the most important is the emergence of an entirely new set of urban andsemi-urban consumers who have not yet been tapped by modern companies in India.

The spending habits of the rich alone cannot bring 9 per cent growth in the country. It ishappening because of the 300 million middle class. No longer is the demand confined

to metros or to certain class. In fact, demands come from urban, semi-urban, and ruralareas including almost every socio-economic stratum. This emerging trend is drivenmainly by rising incomes and relatively easy availability of personal loans.

The rural market is growing faster than the urban market and holds huge potential forconsumer goods sector with a population of 730 million which is thrice the urban marketsize. Products in demand in these areas include soaps, detergents, toothpastes,

batteries, biscuits, cold beverages, mosquito repellents, refined oil and hair oil. AnNCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) survey shows that thedemand for two-wheeler, refrigerator, colour television and washing machine in ruralareas is quite high.

The huge multicultural country is transforming from a socialist economy to aled creative economy. Even for international luxury brands, India is no longer a meretesting ground, but a lucrative market. Estimates suggest that India has more

consumers for luxury goods than the adult population of several countries and as manyas 200 - 300 international luxury brands are trying to make inroads into the Indianluxury market. It is growing at a rate of 30-32 per cent and expected to touch Rs 5000crore by 2010. Rising consumption is setting off a virtuous cycle of consumptionpropelled growth in the manufacturing sector which is leading to job creation. This inturn is leading to income generation and further consumption.
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16/22

Question

Which of the following ideas can you NOT find in the passage?

Choices are:

(A) Rise in the participation of women in the work force will boost

economic growth, income and consumption in the long run. (B) Standard of living of Indian consumers has improved and

consequently, the consumer spending has increased.

(C) Progress of India's economy is mainly due to the expanding literacy.

(D) The virtuous cycle of consumption- growth-job creation- and moreconsumption.

(E) Growth of the rural market has outrun that of the urban market.


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Choice A: Increase in the employment of women among the work force is anotherfactor that will boost economic growth, income and consumption in the longrun.

Choice B: The rise in consumer spending in India is also attributed to thesignificant improvement in the standard of living of the Indian consumers inthe last few years

Choice C: Is not mentioned in the passage

Choice D: Rising consumption is setting off a virtuous cycle of consumptionpropelled growth in the manufacturing sector which is leading to job creation.This in turn is leading to income generation and further consumption.

Choice E: The rural market is growing faster than the urban market and holds

huge potential for consumer goods sector with a population of 730 millionwhich is thrice the urban market size.


18/22

Answer

Which of the following ideas can you NOT find in the passage?

Choices are:

(A) Rise in the participation of women in the work force will boosteconomic growth, income and consumption in the long run.

(B) Standard of living of Indian consumers has improved andconsequently, the consumer spending has increased.

(C) Progress of India's economy is mainly due to the expanding literacy.(Correct answer)

(D)The virtuous cycle of consumption- growth-job creation- and moreconsumption.

(E) Growth of the rural market has outrun that of the urban market.


19/22

Thank You
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20/22

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22/22

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