reaction types chemistry dr. may single displacement reaction a compound and an element form a...
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Reaction Types
ChemistryChemistry
Dr. MayDr. May
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Single Displacement Reaction
A Compound and an element form a A Compound and an element form a compound and an elementcompound and an element
CC + A + ABB CBCB + A + A
ZnZn + 2 H + 2 HClCl ZnClZnCl22 + H + H2 2
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May I Have This Dance ?
Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing ADancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A
CC + AB + AB CB + CB + AA
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Single Displacement Reactions
ZnZn + 2 H + 2 HClCl
2 2 AlAl + 6 H + 6 HClCl
MgMg + 2 H + 2 HNONO33
ZnZn + H + H22SOSO44
ZnClZnCl22 + H + H22
2 2 AlClAlCl33 ++ 3 H 3 H2 2
Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 + H + H2 2
ZnSOZnSO44 + H+ H2 2
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Single Displacement Reactions
CuCu + 2 Ag + 2 AgNONO33
2 2 FeFe + 2 Cu + 2 CuSOSO44
3 3 AlAl + 2 Cu + 2 CuClCl22
MgMg + Cu + CuSOSO44
Cu(NOCu(NO33))22 + 2 Ag + 2 Ag
FeFe22(SO(SO44))33 + 2 Cu+ 2 Cu
3 3 AlClAlCl33 + 2 Cu + 2 Cu
MgSOMgSO44 + Cu + Cu
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Activity Series
Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, PbLi, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, Pb
HH
Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, AuCu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au
Will ReactWith Acid
Will Not ReactWith Acid
Acid
Most Active
Least Active
HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2
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Driving Force
A single displacement reaction is driven by the A single displacement reaction is driven by the electron affinity of the elementselectron affinity of the elements
2 AgNO2 AgNO33 + Cu + Cu Cu(NO Cu(NO33))22 + 2 Ag + 2 Ag
2 Ag2 Ag+1 +1 + 2 NO+ 2 NO331 1 + Cu+ Cu0 0 Cu Cu+2 +2 + 2 NO+ 2 NO33
1 1 + 2 Ag+ 2 Ag00
Silver wants electrons more than copperSilver wants electrons more than copper
2 Ag2 Ag+1 +1 + Cu+ Cu0 0 Cu Cu+2 +2 + 2 Ag+ 2 Ag00
Copper is Copper is oxidizedoxidized and silver is and silver is reducedreduced
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Double Displacement Reaction
Two compounds form two different Two compounds form two different compoundscompounds
AABB + + CCD D AD + AD + CBCB
HHClCl + + KKOH OH KClKCl + HOH + HOH
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Let’s Trade Partners
Dancer A takes D and dancer C takes BDancer A takes D and dancer C takes B
AAB + B + CCD D B + B + D D
C
A
CB + AD
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Double Displacement Reactions
HHClCl + + NaNaOH OH
2 H2 HClCl + + CaCa(OH)(OH)22
2 K2 KII + + PbPb(NO(NO33))2 2
NHNH44ClCl + + KKOH OH
NaCl NaCl + HOH + HOH
CaClCaCl22 + 2 HOH + 2 HOH
PbIPbI2 2 + 2 KNO+ 2 KNO33
KClKCl + NH + NH44OHOH
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Driving Double Displacement
Formation of a precipitate Formation of a precipitate (AgCl (AgCl ))
Formation of a non-ionized material Formation of a non-ionized material (H(H22O)O)
Formation of a gas Formation of a gas (CO(CO2 2 ))
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Formation of a precipitate
AgNOAgNO33 + KCl + KCl AgCl AgCl + KNO + KNO33
Silver chlorideSilver chloride precipitates from solution and precipitates from solution and drives the reaction to the rightdrives the reaction to the right
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Formation of a non-ionized material
HNOHNO33 + KOH + KOH HOHHOH + KNO + KNO33
WaterWater is covalently bonded and does not is covalently bonded and does not ionize, driving the reaction to the right.ionize, driving the reaction to the right.
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Formation Of A Gas
2 HNO2 HNO3 3 + K+ K22COCO33 2 KNO 2 KNO3 3 + H+ H22COCO33
HOH + HOH + COCO2 2
Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to form water and form water and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide,, driving the driving the
reaction to the rightreaction to the right
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No Reaction
If there is no driving force, If there is no driving force, Then there is no reactionThen there is no reaction
NaCl + KNONaCl + KNO3 3 No ReactionNo Reaction
NaNa+1+1 + Cl + Cl1 1 + K+ K+1+1 + NO + NO331 1 Na Na+1+1 + Cl + Cl1 1 + K+ K+1+1 + NO + NO33
1 1
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Synthesis Reaction
Two or more materials combine to form a Two or more materials combine to form a new compoundnew compound
A + B A + B AB AB
2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H 2 H22OO
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Materials Combine
Two or more materials combine to form a Two or more materials combine to form a new compoundnew compound
2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H 2 H22OO
Hydrogen is oxidized(Loses electrons)
Oxygen is reduced(Gains electrons)
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Synthesis Reactions
Na + ClNa + Cl2 2
NN22 + 3 H + 3 H22
4 Na + O4 Na + O2 2
4 Fe + 3 O4 Fe + 3 O22
2 NaCl2 NaCl
2 NH2 NH3 3
2 Na2 Na22OO
2 Fe2 Fe22OO33
Oxidized
Reduced
New Compound
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Decomposition Reactions
A compound breaks apart to form two or A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materialsmore new materials
AB AB A + B A + B
2 KClO2 KClO33 2 KCl + 3 O 2 KCl + 3 O22
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Compounds Break Apart
A compound breaks apart to form two or A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materialsmore new materials
2 2 KClKClOO33 2 2 KClKCl + 3 O + 3 O22
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Decomposition Reactions
HH22COCO3 3 NHNH44OH OH
HH22O O
CaCOCaCO33
HH22SOSO44
HH22O + COO + CO2 2
HH22O + NHO + NH33
HH22 + O + O2 2
CaO + COCaO + CO2 2
HH22O + SOO + SO3 3
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Combustion Reactions
A hydrocarbon compound combines with A hydrocarbon compound combines with oxygen to form COoxygen to form CO2 2 plus Hplus H22OO
CCxxHHyy + O + O2 2 CO CO22 + H + H22OO
CC33HH8 8 + 5 O+ 5 O2 2 3 CO 3 CO22 + 4 H + 4 H22OO
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Green House Gas
CC77HH16 16 + 11 O+ 11 O2 2 7 CO7 CO22 + 8 H + 8 H22OO
Burning gasoline gives COBurning gasoline gives CO2 2 and H and H22OO
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Combustion Reactions
CHCH44 + + 2 O2 O22
2 C2 C22HH66 + + 7 O7 O22
CC33HH88 + + 5 O5 O22
2 C2 C44HH1010 + + 13 O13 O22
CC55HH1212 + + 8 O8 O22
COCO22 + 2 H + 2 H22OO
4 CO4 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO
3 CO3 CO22 + 4 H + 4 H22OO
8 CO8 CO22 + 10 H + 10 H22OO
5 CO5 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO
Natural Gas
Propane
Butane
Jet Fuel
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Hydrocarbon Vs. Hydrogen Fuel
2 H2 H22 + O + O22 2 H2 H22OO
CC55HH1212 + 8 O + 8 O2 2 5 CO5 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H22OO
Water is the only product
Forms lots of greenhouse gas
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The End
This presentation was created for the benefit This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department of our students by the Science Department at at Howard High School of TechnologyHoward High School of Technology
Please send suggestions and comments to Please send suggestions and comments to [email protected]@nccvt.k12.de.us