read pgs. 22-26 in your hoa textbook and answer the following: 1.how did the enlightenment influence...
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BELLWORK (9/11)• Read pgs. 22-26 in your HOA textbook and answer the
following:1. How did the Enlightenment influence colonists? Give
examples!2. How did the French-Indian War impact the 13
colonies?3. What was the Proclamation of 1763? How did this
increase British resentment?4. Explain three British taxation laws and how they
infuriated the colonists. 5. What was the First Continental Congress?6. THINKER: What is an annotation? What is the
purpose of annotating a text? How do you annotate something?
Annotations 101• To start, annotating calls for the reader to review a
source.• The purpose of annotating is to give an idea of what
information is being presented in a source. • When done correctly, an annotation lets you know the
summary, what is useful, important points, etc. It also shows Ms. Bruggeman how well you’ve understood/read the topic.
• Look at annotating as a method of summarizing a source…. Include only main points and NOT a lot of detail.
• You may also include personal/content links in your annotations – what is going to make it easier to understand?
• Should do this throughout the source!
Homework – due Monday 9/14• For homework, you will read chapter 3 - “Declaring Independence”
from the textbook, After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection.• This textbook is used to teach the approaches of historical study.
Specific themes include how to……• Select evidence that is valuable• Analyze primary/secondary sources• Evaluate the limitations/biases of a source• Interpret and question different perspectives• Understand the context of an event through a document
• These are all skills you must demonstrate for IB! Time to be a historian!
• For Monday…. Read pgs. 49-58 and ANNOTATE in the margins. Since this is your first time annotating in history, I have provided general guidelines.
• Do NOT read past 58….we will pick up here Monday.
BELLWORK (9/14)1. How did England view their American colonies? What
were they used for?2. Analyze the phrase “no taxation without
representation.” What does it mean for the colonists? Why would this be a cause of revolution?
3. Summarize the three major parts of the Declaration of Independence.
4. THINKER: How should students approach document analysis? What should be considered?
The American Revolution
The 13 colonies demand independence!
Causes of the American Revolution• Enlightenment Ideas
– Separation of powers, democracy, social contract, inalienable rights
• High taxation– Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Navigation Acts, Tea Act
• Harsh laws to restrict the rights of colonists– Quartering Act, Proclamation of 1763, Declaratory Act
• “No taxation without representation!”– No colonial representation in Parliament– Tyranny! The King is “unfit to rule a free people”
Colonial Protests• Colonists protested with a
boycott: refusal to buy British goods.
• In your opinion, is a boycott an effective form of protest?
• Attacked the stamp act by burning stamps in the streets: “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!”
Unrest in Boston• In order to enforce new laws, Britain sent soldiers
to the new colonies.• Boston became the center of conflict between the
colonists (Patriots/Rebels) and British (Tories/Loyalists)
• Boston Massacre: On March 5, 1770, a squad of British soldiers were harassed by a Boston crowd, eventually leading to gunfire and five deaths.
Why did the colonists refer to this as a “massacre?”
Unrest in Boston• Britain responded by
implementing the Tea Act (1773)
• Boston Tea Party: colonists snuck onto tea ships and dumped the chests of tea into the harbor. (12/16/1773)
• Britain responded by passing the “Intolerable Acts”
“The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor” by: Nathan Currier, 1846
Continental Congresses• On September 5, 1774, 56 delegates met in
Philadelphia to unite against Britain.• The Congress, argued that they should have the
right to make laws in the colonies and gave England a chance to compromise.
• The King refused and in April 1775, the first shots of the war were fired!
• Led to the Second Continental Congress in May 1776
“The Shot Heard Around the World”
Second Continental Congress• Congress tried one last time to compromise with Great
Britain……..Britain refused• Organized an army under George Washington.• Discussed military strategy.• Began drafting the United States Declaration of
Independence• Congress acted as the first legitimate American
government.
Declaration of Independence• Congress appointed the Committee of Five to write a
statement of common action & aims for the thirteen colonies.– The committee included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert
Livingston, Roger Sherman, and the main author…..Thomas Jefferson
• After the Congress re-convened July 1st, they decided to officially declare independence.
• Document signed on July 4, 1776 & stated the thirteen American colonies were now independent states.
• The colonies were already at war with Great Britain and declared they were no longer part of the British Empire.
The Committee of Five
Robert Livingston: the first Chancellor of NYC, the highest judicial officer in the state
Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, LivingstonRoger Sherman: justice of the Superior Court of CT & member of Congress
Benjamin Franklin: first U.S. ambassador to France; delegate from PA
Thomas Jefferson: served in Congress representing VA; primary author
John Adams: lawyer & public figure in Boston; representative from MA
• "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."
– Benjamin Franklin at the signing of the Declaration of Independence; 1776
“The Declaration of Independence” by: John Trumbull
Robert Livingston is depicted in the center of the Committee of Five presenting the draft Declaration to the Second Continental Congress. The five prominent figures depicted are, from left to right, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
Declaration of Independence• This important document is divided into three parts:1. Statement of purpose
o Announced separation from Great Britain2. Causes/Reasons for independence
o Theoretical justifications: equality, no tyranny, inalienable rights
o Grievances: specific acts/laws implemented by the King that justify colonial revolution (taxation, quartering, abuse of power, lack of representation, etc.)
3. Conclusiono Colonial response – willing to sacrifice their lives for
freedomo Announce total unity and final dissolution of monarch rule
Treaty of Paris• September 3, 1783• Acknowledged the 13
colonies as a free and independent country – United States of America
• American territory expanded to Mississippi River
• Prisoners of War were returned
American Revolution Video• The attitudes of the English and many colonists of the
1770’s thought there was no way America would win the Revolutionary War.
• America had few soldiers, old weapons, and no money.• England had the strongest army and navy in the world.• So how did England lose the American Revolution?• Reasons for colonial victory are the focus of the video:
America the Story of Us – Revolution. • Answer all questions on the worksheet – be ready to
discuss the reasons why America won the revolution.
Why were the 13 colonies victorious?
Leadership!• George Washington
– General; military strategy; morale
• Marquis de Lafayette– Major-General of French troops– Blocked British troops at
Yorktown– Encouraged France to increase
support & aide– Supporter of U.S. Constitutional
principles– Becomes a link between the
American and French revolutions
“Washington Crossing the Delaware” Emmanuel Leutze
Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge
Lafayette• Became a U.S. citizen • For his accomplishments in
the service of both France and the United States, he is known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds".
• In honor of his contributions to the American Revolution, many cities and monuments throughout the United States bare his name.
Lafayette Court House, INLafayette Fountain, GA
Lafayette Monument, D.C.
Foreign Aid!• After the Battle of
Saratoga, France aligned with the Patriots
• The Netherlands & Spain also contribute
• Their navies prevent a British blockade
Military Strengths!• New weapons• Use of terrain• Guerrilla Warfare
Morale!• Colonists were fighting for their lives and
freedom….. The Red Coats just followed orders from the King
• More of a desire to win
Poem Analysis• Read “A Revolutionary Poem”
and respond to the following:• In whose favor was this poem
written – Patriot or Tory? You must cite at least FOUR examples from within the poem as evidence!