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6 READ•REFLECT•RESPOND

LESSON 1

1. Do you and your parents agree onhow loud music should be played? If not, why not?___________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Name two or three loud noises youmight hear on a typical day.__________________________________________________________________

Do you prefer your music nice andLOUD? Many young people like nothingbetter than to cruise around town withtheir car’s speakers blaring. But maybeyou should think again before you crankup the volume!

Just like air and water pollution, noisepollution can be dangerous to yourhealth. Why? Loud noise puts stress onthe nerves in your ears. And the longeryou listen to loud noise, the more likely itis that your health will be damagedpermanently.

The intensity of sound is measured indecibels (dB). The sound of a personbreathing, for example, is about 5 dB. But

if someone shouts in your ear, the soundmay reach 100 dB. Sound levels above120 dB cause physical pain. At 140 dB,sound will break your eardrums. And at180 dB, sound can actually kill you!

City dwellers are surrounded by loudsounds all the time. Noise from a jetflying overhead measures 123 dB. Amotorcycle speeding up to pass your carmay hit 104 dB. Even a car horn reachesabout 120 dB.

Noise pollution affects more than yourhearing. At levels above 70 dB, your bloodpressure and pulse rate increase. In thelong run, these conditions can lead toserious health problems.

Just how loud is too loud?

TURN DOWN THE VOLUME!

Think about the damaging effects of noise.

3. Do you think machines that makevery loud noises should be prohibitedby law? Explain your answer._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

READ•REFLECT•RESPOND 7

Circle a letter or word, fill in the blanks, or write out the answer.

LESSON 1: TURN DOWN THE VOLUME!

Make comparisons.

11. The sound of a speeding motorcycleis about how much louder than ashout in your ear?

a. 4 dB

b. 40 dB

c. 10 dB

12. Which sound is more likely to causeyou physical pain?

a. church bells ringing

b. a jet flying overhead

c. people laughing

State the main idea.

13. Write an original sentencesummarizing the main idea of thereading.

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Look it up in a reference source.

14. The English word noise came to usfrom a Latin word. What is themeaning of that Latin word?

_________________________________

_________________________________

15. What’s the dB level of a ringingtelephone? ______________________

Build your vocabulary.

1. The i__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ of

something is its force or strength.

2. Touch the inside of your wrist to

measure your p__ __ __ __ rate.

3. A harmful contamination of a

natural resource is called

p__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ .

Draw conclusions.

4. The letters dB are ( a nickname /an abbreviation ) for decibels.

5. Working in a noisy factory mighteventually ( give you a headache /make you deaf ).

6. The noise level at a rock concert is( higher / lower ) than the hum of acar engine.

Recall details.

7. Loud sounds stress the ___________

in your ears.

8. At noise levels above ___________ dB,

your body shows distress.

9. Short exposures to loud noises are

___________ damaging than longer

exposures.

10. The reading mentions three

kinds of pollution: _______________,

________________, and _____________.


LESSON 2

1. Have you ever watched the OlympicGames on TV? __________What sport or event do you mostenjoy watching?_________________________________

2. Have you ever seen a Tarzan movie?What did you think of it?___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your grandma and grandpa probablyremember Johnny Weissmuller from oldblack-and-white moviesthey watched as kids. Heplayed Tarzan in a popularseries of “Tarzan of theApes” movies.

But Johnny was famouseven before he went toHollywood. In 1922, he madehistory by becoming the firstperson to swim 100 metersin less than a minute! In1924, Johnny competed inhis first Olympics, winningthree medals in one day! He won gold medals in the 100-meter freestyle andthe 4x200-meter freestylerelay race. Along with therest of the team, he won a bronze medal for water polo. Two days later, he won another gold medal in

the 400-meter freestyle event.Johnny won the 100-meter freestyle

race once again at the1928 Olympics. He alsoanchored the gold-medal-winning 200-meter relayteam. That gave him a totalof five gold medals.

Johnny was training forthe 1932 Olympics whenhe got his start in motionpictures. He auditioned for,and easily won, the role ofTarzan. As it turned out, hewas only the first of fourOlympic medalists to playTarzan in the movies.

In 1950, a group called theSportswriters of Americavoted him the best swimmerof the half-century. He

received 132 votes—30 more than all theother athletes combined!

Learn about a cultural icon of the 1950s.

FROM THE POOL TO THE JUNGLE

Think about the activities that made Johnny Weissmuller famous.

3. Do you think today’s Olympians swim faster or slower than JohnnyWeissmuller? Explain your thinking._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



LESSON 2: FROM THE POOL TO THE JUNGLE

8. The a__ __ __ __ __ of a relay team

is the one who swims last.

Draw conclusions.

9. The Olympic Games are held every___ years.

a. 10 b. four c. eight

10. The U.S. unit of measurementclosest to the meter is the ___.

a. yard b. foot c. mile

11. During the first half of the 20thcentury, Johnny Weissmuller wasone of America’s most ___ athletes.

a. fit b. handsome c. popular

Match synonyms.

12. ____ remember a. sum

13. ____ watched b. practice

14. ____ training c. recollect

15. ____ total d. observed


16. Where were the summer OlympicGames held in 2004?_________________________________

17. How many Tarzan movies did

Weissmuller make? _________________________________

18. Who played Tarzan’s wife, Jane, inthe first six movies?_________________________________

Recall details.

1. In 1924, Johnny Weissmullercompeted in these four Olympicevents:•________________________________•________________________________•________________________________•________________________________

2. What does an Olympic athlete winfor coming in third?

_________________________________

3. What medals did Weissmuller win at the 1928 Olympics?_________________________________

Draw conclusions.

4. About how many years ago did Weissmuller swim at the Olympic Games?

a. 80 b. 65 c. 58

5. Why weren’t Weissmuller’s Tarzanmovies filmed in color?

__________________________________________________________________


6. The words movies, films,

and m__ __ __ __ __

p__ __ __ __ __ __ __ are

synonyms.

7. To a__ __ __ __ __ __ __ is to try out

for a part in a show.


LESSON 3

Some of the most unusual animals inthe world live in Australia. They’re called“holdovers.” Why? Becausethey’re the same today asthey were millions of yearsago. Today, one of theseold forms of mammals isknown as monotremes.

The platypus and theechidna, or spiny anteater,are the only two kinds ofmonotremes left in theworld today. Like all othermammals, both of themhave mammary glands tonurse their young. Butunlike other mammals,these two lay eggs.

A good swimmer anddiver, the platypus has abroad bill and webbed feet. It resembles aduck. But its bill is soft and leathery, not

hard like a duck’s. The platypus uses it todig worms and shellfish out of river

bottoms. When it is fullygrown, the platypus isabout two feet long. It hasthick brown fur and apaddle-shaped tail, like abeaver.

An echidna looks like aporcupine. It has a tubelikesnout and a long tongue ituses to eat insects. Anechidna can burrow itsway out of practicallyanything! Thanks to itsstrong front feet and sharpclaws, it’s very difficult toconstrain. Even in a zoo anechidna must be kept in acage with a concrete floor.

If there’s one crack in the concrete, theechidna will dig its way out!

Have you ever heard of these unique creatures?

AUSTRALIA’S “HOLDOVERS”

Think about mammals and the differences among them.

1. Human beings are also members ofthe class of animals called mammals.Name two other mammals you know.•________________________________•________________________________

2. What can the platypus and echidna do that no other mammals can do?_________________________________

3. What are two important differencesbetween humans and the animals inthe reading?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS

SPINY ANTEATER (ECHIDNA)



LESSON 3: AUSTRALIA’S “HOLDOVERS”

Identify characteristics:

6. Write P for platypus or E forechidna.

a. _____ looks like a duck

b. _____ has a tubelike snout

c. _____ looks like a porcupine

d. _____ swims and dives

e. _____ has strong front feet

Make an inference.

7. Which of the animals in the readingwould you rather hold in your lap?Explain.

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

8. What substance do mammaryglands produce?

_________________________________


9. List the four main characteristicsof mammals.

•________________________________

•________________________________

•________________________________

•________________________________

Recognize the main idea.

1. What’s the most significant differencebetween the “holdovers” and animalsin all other classes?

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Match synonyms.

tunnel extraordinary restrict dense

2. a. unusual / ____________________

b. thick / _______________________

c. constrain / ___________________

d. burrow / _____________________

Recall details.

3. By what other name is the echidnaknown?

_________________________________

4. What two things does a platypus like to eat?

•________________________________

•________________________________

5. What two body parts help an echidna get food?

•________________________________

•________________________________


LESSON 4

The early cowboys of Latin Americawere called gauchos. Living as nomads,they rode the plains, or pampas, ofArgentina and Uruguay. In the early days,the gauchos made their living by catchingwild cattle and selling their hides on theBrazilian frontier. But gauchos alsohunted and tamed wild horses.Sometimes they took work for a while onan estancia, or cattle ranch.

The gauchos wore baggy pants calledbombachas, short boots, and wide, blackhats called sombreros. Colorful, blanket-like ponchos served as coats on coldnights. Like the North American cowboy,the gaucho wore a handkerchief aroundhis neck. He could pull the handkerchiefup to protect his nose from the dust of acattle stampede. He could also use thehandkerchief to filter water from astream. A wide belt, often trimmed insilver, completed the traditional gauchocostume.

Gauchos were fine fighters. A gauchocavalry—an army on horseback—helpedArgentina win independence from Spainin 1816. Seldom carrying guns, they were

proud of their skills with a knife and abola. This was a long, rawhide strap withtwo or three iron balls tied to its splitends. A flying bola would wrap around ahorse’s legs and fling it to the ground.

New refrigerator ships developed themeat industry and made cattle raising abig business. This ended the gaucho’sway of life. But the gaucho is notforgotten. At festivals, South Americancowboys still honor him. They wear hiscolorful clothing and sing his ballads ofthe pampas.

Have you ever heard of these “South of the border” cowboys?

COWBOYS OF THE PAMPAS

What would it have been like to be a gaucho?

1. In your opinion, what would be thebest thing about being a gaucho?__________________________________________________________________

What would be the worst thing?__________________________________________________________________

2. Would physical fitness be animportant “job qualification”for a gaucho? Why or why not?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



LESSON 4: COWBOYS OF THE PAMPAS

8. A s__ __ __ __ __ __ __ is a sudden

rush of many animals.

Draw a conclusion.

9. Why would a gaucho want to “filterwater from a stream”?

__________________________________________________________________

Match synonyms.

10. ____ worked a. customary

11. ____ fling b. labored

12. ____ festival c. hurl

13. ____ ballads d. celebration

14. ____ traditional e. songs

Say it in Spanish. (Write the Spanish word that matches each description.)

15. _______________: wide-brimmed hat

16. _______________: blanket-coat

17. _______________: plains

18. _______________: ranch

19. _______________: baggy pants


20. Name the capitals of Argentina and Uruguay.

Argentina:

_________________________________

Uruguay:

_________________________________

Recall details.

1. The gauchos lived in the ___ century.

a. 21st b. 11th c. 19th

2. How did the gauchos profit from the wild cattle they caught?

a. They shipped them overseas.

b. They created dairy herds.

c. They sold the cattle hides.

3. A gaucho’s ___ was a long rawhide strap.

a. bola b. poncho c. pampas

4. From whom did Argentina win its independence?

a. Uruguay

b. Spain

c. France

5. The invention of ___ ended thegauchos’ way of life.

a. semitrailer trucks

b. modern stockyards

c. refrigerator ships


6. People who continually move

from place to place are called

n__ __ __ __ __ .

7. A f__ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the

part of a settled country next

to a wilderness.


LESSON 5

1. Which type of disaster might be easier to escape—a flood or an erupting volcano?Explain your reasoning.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. What special belongings would you try to save if you knew a natural disaster wasabout to occur?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

It happened right around 7:00 A.M. onAugust 24, 79 A.D. Mount Vesuvius, justseven miles from Naples, Italy, erupted!The volcano had been quiet for hundredsof years. In fact, people were so sure itwas dead, they’d planted crops andgrapevines on its slopes.

Then suddenly, great explosions of ashand rock blew out of the volcano. A hugecloud formed from the blasted rocks, ash,and sulfur gas. As the cloud spread, itshowered ashy rocks for miles and miles.For 40 hours, the volcano continued toexplode. A steady rain of ash continuedhours longer. By the time the downpourwas finally over, nearly 20 feet of volcanicash and stone had been piled on the cityof Pompeii!

Twenty thousand people lived inPompeii, a busy seaport just one milefrom Mount Vesuvius. Shops wereopening for the day’s business when theresidents first heard the rumblings. The

bright morning turned darker and darkeras the dense cloud hid the sun. Citizensstumbled toward the shore, hoping toescape by sailing away. But only a fewmade it to the boats. At least twothousand people were killed that day. Noone has ever lived in Pompeii again.

An eyewitness account of Pompeii’sdisaster was written by the Romanauthor, Pliny the Younger. His uncle, Plinythe Elder, was killed during the eruption.

Learn about an ancient natural disaster.

THE BIG BLOW

Think about how you would react to a natural disaster.



LESSON 5: THE BIG BLOW

Match synonyms.

erupted account residents dead shore

7. a. report / _____________________

b. inhabitants / ________________

c. extinct / _____________________

d. beach / _____________________

e. exploded / ___________________


8. Nearly 75 percent of the world’sactive volcanoes lie along the so-called “Ring of Fire.” Whatterritory is covered by the Ring of Fire?_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

9. Name two other ancient cities that were buried along withPompeii that day.

•________________________________

•________________________________

Number events in order.

1. Number the events to show the order in which they happened.

____ An eyewitness wrote about the eruption.

____ Residents of Pompeii heard a rumbling sound.

____ Grapevines were planted on the slopes of Vesuvius.

____ Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of volcanic ash.

____ A steady rain of ash and rocks fell on Pompeii.

Recall details.

2. What materials made up the cloudthat formed over Pompeii?

_________________________________

_________________________________

3. How long did the eruption last?

_________________________________

4. Approximately how many people were killed?

_________________________________

5. How did the people try to escape?

_________________________________

6. What Roman author saw theeruption with his own eyes?

_________________________________

read reflect respond_book_c_sample

Technology

db level

letters db

crank180 db

thedecibels db

noise levels

loud noises

db measure yourp

db natural resource