chapter 1: basic concepts outline introducing: basic concepts · chapter 1: basic concepts outline...

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Outline

Introducing: Basic Concepts

• geographers -

• historians -

• human geography -

• “where” and “why” -

Figure 1-1

•

Key Issue 1: How do geographers describe where things are?

• geography -

• Thinking geographically -

Maps

• definiton -

• cartography -

• As a reference tool -

• As a communications tool -

Figure 1-2

•

Early Mapmaking

• Eratosthenes -

• Ptolemy -

• Pei Xiu -

• explorers -

Contemporary Mapping

• Hurricane Katrina -

• Figure 1-7 -

• inequality of the destruction

Map Scale

• definition -

• ratio -

• written -

• graphic -

• appropriate scale -

• Figure 1-8 -


Projection

• definition -

• distortions -

• equal area projections -

• Robinson projection -

• Mercator projection -

•Figure 1-9 -

Geographic Grid

• meridian -

• parallel -

• measuring latitude and longitude -

• Figure 1-10 -

Telling Time

• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) -

• 15º -

• International Date Line -

• Figure 1-11 -

Contemporary Tools

• GIScience -

Remote Sensing

• definition -

GPS

• three elements -

• description -

•devices -

Layering Data: GIS

• defintion -

• layers -

• Figure 1-13 -

Mixing Data: Mashups

• definition -

•description -


Key Issue 2: Why is each point on Earth unique?

• place -

Place: A Unique Location

• location -

Place Names

• toponym -

• Board of Geographical Names -

Site

• defintion -

• factors -

• Figure 1-15 -

Situation

• defintion -

• importance -

Regions: A Unique Area

• region -

• cultural landscape -

• Figure 1-17 -

Formal Region

• defintion -

• characteristics -

• cautionary steps -

Functional Region

• defintion -

• uses -

• examples -

• Figure 1-18 -

Vernacular Region

• defintion -

• mental map -

• examples -

• Figure 1-19 -

• The South -


Regions of Culture

• culture

• What people care about…

• What people take care of…

Spatial Association

• scale understanding

• Figure 1-21

• explaining (factors) -

Key Issue 3: Why are different places similar?

• three basic concepts -

Scale: From Local to Global

• scale -

• globalization -

Globalization of Economy

• housing bubble -

• transnational corporation -

• global economy -

• Figure 1-22 -

Globalization of Culture

• uniform cultural preferences -

• McDonald’s -

• Figure 1-23 -

Space: Distribution of Features

• space -

• distribution -

Distribution Properties: Density

•concentration -

• Figure 1-24 -

Distribution Properties: Pattern

• pattern -

• Figure 1-26 -

Cultural Identity in Space

• varying patterns according to -


Distribution Across Space

• Behavioral geography -

Movement Across Space

• gender -

• ethnicity -

Cultural Identity in Contemporary Geography Thought

• Poststructuralist geography -

•Figure 1-30 -

Connections between Places

• connection -

Relocation Diffusion

• hearth -

• diffusion -

• Figure 1-31 -

• relocation diffusion -

• examples of relocation diffusion -

Expansion Diffusion

• Hierarchical -

• Figure 1-32 -

• Contagious -

• Figure 1-33 -

• Stimulus -

Spatial Interaction

• distance decay -

• space-time compression -

• Figure 1-34 -

• network -

Unequal Access

• core areas -

• Africa, Asia, and Latin America -

• Figure 1-35 -

• economic inequality -

• Figure 1-36 -


Key Issue 4: Why are some human actions not sustainable?

• resource -

Sustainability and Resources

• renewable -

• nonrenewable -

• sustainability -

Three Pillars of Sustainability

• Environment -

• Economy -

• Society -

Earth’s Physical Systems

• Atmosphere -

• climate -

• Hydrosphere -

• Lithosphere -

• Topographic maps -

• Figure 1-41 -

• USGS -

Sustainability and Human Environment Relationships

• Biosphere -

• ecosystem -

• ecology -

Cultural Ecology: Integrating Culture and Environment

• cultural ecology -

• Environmental Determinism -

• Humboldt and Ritter -

• Friedrich Ratzel and Ellen Churchill Semple -

• Ellsworth Huntington -

•Possibilism -

• Possiblism and Sustainability -

Modifying the Environment

• The Netherlands -

• South Florida -

chapter 1: basic concepts outline introducing: basic concepts · chapter 1: basic concepts outline...

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