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Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 17th International Conference, Galway, Ireland, 2007 Edited by Colin D. O'Dowd National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Paul E. Wagner University of Vienna Austria r TECHN1SCHE INFORMAllONSCiCUOTHEK U NIV E R SIT A T SBIBLIOTHEK HANNOVER J

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Nucleation and

Atmospheric Aerosols17th International Conference, Galway, Ireland, 2007

Edited by

Colin D. O'DowdNational University of Ireland

GalwayIreland

Paul E. WagnerUniversity of Vienna

Austria

rTECHN1SCHE

INFORMAllONSCiCUOTHEK

U NIV E RSIT ATSBIBLIOTHEK

HANNOVERJ

Contents

Preface vii

Committees viii

Plenary Lectures xi

Scries History xiii

Part I Nucleation: Experiment and Theory

Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements and the Propertiesof Critical Clusters 3

B.E. Wyslouzil, R. Strey, J. Walk, G. Wilemski, and Y. Kim

Size Analysis of Ion and Aerosol Nanoparticles in Nucleation

and Growth 14

K. Okuyama, T. Seto, and C. Soo Kim

Classical and Generalized Gibbs' Approaches and the Work

of Critical Cluster Formation in Nucleation Theory 26

J. W.P. Schmelzer

Microstructure of Supersaturation Field and

Nucleation Experiments 31

S.P. Fisenko

Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogatesof Mineral Dust 36

C. Marcolli, S. Gedamke, and B. Zobrist

Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze

by Spinodal Decomposition? 41

L.S. Bartell

The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model

for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size Distribution 46

I.H. Leubner

xvii

jtviii Contents

The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model

for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size

in Controlled Precipitations 48

l.H. Leubner

Continuous Crystallization: Nucleation and Size Control

as a Function of Crystal Solubility 50

l.H. Leubner

Investigating the Role of Ammonia

in Atmospheric Nucleation 52

T. Kurten, L. Torpo, H. Vehkamaki, M.R. Sundberg, K. laasonen,

V.-M Kerminen, M. Noppel, M. Salonen, and M. Kulinala

Dependence of Nucleation Rates on Sulfuric Acid Vapor Concentration

in Diverse Atmospheric Locations 57

C. Kuang, PH. McMurry, andA.V. McCormick

Evaluation of Surface Tension and Tolman Length as a Function

of Droplet Radius from Experimental Nucleation Rate

and Supersaturation Ratio 62

A.A. Onischuk, S.V. Vosel, P.A. Purtov, and A.M. Baklanov

Atmospheric H2S04 / H20 Particle Formation:

Mechanistic Investigations 69

T. Bemdt, O. Beige, and F. Straimann

The Role of Ions in Condensation Particle Countingfor Particle Diameters Below 2nm 73

P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, and RE. Wagner

/i-Nonane Nucleation in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide 78

D. G. Labetski, J. Hruby, andM.E.H. vanDongen

Challenges in the Thermochemical Water-splittingCycle Based on the ZnO/Zn Redox Pair: Rapid Quenchand Nucleation of Zinc 83

F. Riitten, I. Alxneit, and H.R. Tschudi

Relevance of Several Nucleation Theories

in Different Environments 87

M. Boy, B. Bonn, J. Kazil, N. Lovejoy, A. Turnipseed, J. Greenberg,T. Karl, L. Mauldin, E. Kusciueh, J. Smith, K. Barsanti, A. Guenther,

B. Wehner, O. Hellmuth, H. Siebert, S. Bauer, A. Wiedensohler,and M. Kulmala

Kinetic Theory Applied to Nucleation

and Droplet Growth 92V. Holten and. M.E.H. van Dongen

Contents xix

Computation of Nucleation Rates for n-Nonane Usingthe Gradient Theory 97

J. Hrubj, V. Vins, D.G. Labetski, andM.E.H. Van Dongen

The Temperature of Nucleating Droplets 102

./. Wedekind, D. Reguera, and. R. Strey

Kinetic Reconstruction of the Nucleation Free

Energy Landscape 107

D. Reguera and J. Wedekind

Laboratory-measured Nucleation Rates of Sulfuric Acid

and Water from the S02 + OH Reaction 112

D.R, Benson and S.-H Lee

Simulation of the Growth and Decay of Isolated

Lennard-Jones Clusters 117

J.C. Barrett and A.P. Knight

An Insight into the Failure of Classical Nucleation Theory 121

J. Merikanto, A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, and H. Vehkamdki

Nucleation Chemical Physics: From Vapor-phase Clusters

to Crystals in Solution 126

S.M. Kathmann

Homogeneous Nucleation: What I Understand, What I Somewhat

Understand, What I do not Understand 131

J.L. Katz

Homogeneous Nucleation Rate in Supersaturated Water Vapor 134

V. Zdunal and D. Brus

Displacement Barrier Heights from ExperimentalNucleation Rate Data: Scaling and Universality 139

J. Malila, A.-P Hyvarinen, Y. Viisanen, and A. Laaksonen

Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of HomogeneousNucleation Rates 144

R. McGraw

A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model

Lennard-Jones System 149

B.N. Hale and J. Kiefer

Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure HomogeneousNucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle 153

D. Ghosh, R. Strey, and B.E. Wyslouzil

Condensation of a Supersaturated Lattice Gas 158

V.A. Shneidman

XXContents

Argon Nucleation in a Cryogenic Nucleation Pulse Chamber 162

J. Wolk, K. Hand, anclR. Strey

Water Homogeneous Nucleation: Importance

of Clustering Thermodynamics 167

H. Du, F. Yu, and A.B. Nadykto

Validation and Development of a New Hailstone Formation

Theory-Numerical Simulations of a Strong Hailstorm

Occurring Over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 172

F. Kang, Q. Zhang, and S. Lu

Scaling of Critical Nuclei Composed of Diatomic

and Triatomic Molecules 177

/. Napari andA. Laaksonen

Heterogeneous Condensation on Nanoparticle 181

S.P. Fisenko, M. Shimada, and K. Okuyama

Kinetics of Multicomponent Nucleation in Gas Phase 185

S.P. Fisenko

Simulation of Nucleation Experiments in Laminar

Flow Diffusion Chamber 190

S.P. Fisenko and A.A. Brin

A Comparative Study in Molecular Dynamics Simulation

of Nucleation 195

J. Julin, I. Napari, and H. Vehkamaki

The Reactions of Sulfuric Acid with Biogenic CriegeeIntermediates or Secondary Ozonides as a Possible

Source of Nucleation Precursors 200

T. Kurten, B. Bonn, H. Vehkamaki, and M. Kulmala

Condensation-Relaxation of Supersaturated Vapor and the Possibilityof the Experimental Determination of the Nucleation Rate 204

N. Kortsensteyn and E. Samujlov

Nanoparticle Detection Using Nucleation Regime of the CPC 209

G. Mordas, M. Sipilci, and M. Kulmala

Structure of Sulfuric Acid-Water Clusters 214

M. Salonen, I. Napari, and H. Vehkamaki

Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Binding Energiesof (H2S04)2, HOS02-H2S04, and HOS04-H2S04 218

M. Salonen, T. Kurten, M. Sundberg, and H. Vehkamaki

Calculation of Cluster-free Energies Using the Jarzynski Relation 222

H. Y. Tang audi.J. Ford

Contents xxi

New Particle Formation and Sulphuric Acid Concentrations

During 26 Months in Hyytiala 226

T. Nieminen, M. Kuhnala, I. Riipinen, A. Hirsikko, M. Boy,and L. Laakso

The First Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorem IncludingLine Tension: Analysis of Experimental Data 230

A.l. Hienola, H. Vehkamdki, A. Lauri, RE. Wagner, P.M. Winkler,

and M. Kulmala

Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorems for Multicomponent Systems.... 235

H. Vehkamdki, A. Lauri, A. Mddudnen, RE. Wagner, P.M. Winkler,

and M. Kulmala

Nucleation Events in Melpitz, Germany, and Po Valley, Italy:Similarities and Differences 240

A. Homed, K.E.J. Lehtinen, J. Joutsensaari, B. Wehner, W. Birmili,

A. Wiedensohler, F. Cavalli, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi,

M.C. Facchini, and A. Laaksonen

Simulation of an Aerosol Nucleation Burst 245

./. Salm

Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitrogen 250

G. Chkonia, J. Wedekind, J. Wolk, and R. Strey

Homogeneous Nucleation of a Homologous Series of H-Alkanes

in a Supersonic Nozzle 255

D. Bergmann, D. Ghosh, J. Wolk, R. Strey, S. Tanimura,

and B.E. Wy.slouzil

Preliminary Results on Homogeneous Nucleation of Water:

A Novel Measurement Technique using the Two-valve

Expansion Chamber 260

A. Manka, D. Bergmann, D. Ghosh, J. Wolk, and R. Strey

Part II Nucleation: Binary, Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous

Homogeneous Binary Nucleation Theory and the Structure

of Binary Nanodroplets 267

G. Wilemski

Nucleation Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined

Binary Solutions 278

A.S. Abyzov and J.W.P. Schmelzer

Stabilization of H2S04-H20 Clusters by Organic Acids 282

A.B. Nadykto and F. Yu

xxiiContents

Critical Cluster Content in High-pressure Binary Nucleation:

Compensation Pressure Effect 287

V.I. Kalikmanov and D.G. Labetski

The Effect of Total Pressure on Nucleation in a Laminar

Flow Diffusion Chamber: n-Pentano! + Helium 293

A.-P. Hyvdrinen, D. Brus, V. Zdimal, J. Smolik, M. Kulmala,

Y. Viisanen, and H. Lihavainen

Thermochemistry of (H^O^HjO^NH,),,: A DFT Study 297

A.B. Nadykto andF. Yu

Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation II:

Line Tension 302

A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, A.I. Hienola, H. Vehkamiiki, and M. Kulmala

Insights from the Atomistic Simulations of a Ternary

Nucleating System 306

R.B. Nellas, B. Chen, and J.I. Siepmann

Two-component Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Martian

Atmosphere 310

A. Miiiittdnen, H. Vehkamiiki, A. Lauri, I. Napari, and M. Kulmala

Binary Homogenous Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid

and Water Mixture: Experimental Device and Setup 314

D. Brus, A.-P. Hyvdrinen, H. Lihavainen, Y. Viisanen, and M. Kulmala

Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation I:

The Point Where the Classical Theory Fails 317

A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, J. Merikanto, H. Vehkainaki, and M. Kulmala

A Kinetically Correct and an Approximate Model

of Heterogeneous Nucleation 322

A. Madttanen, A. Lauri, H. Vehkamiiki, I. Napari, and Markku Kulmala

Reversible Work of the Heterogeneous Formation of an Embryoof a New Phase on a Spherical Charged Conductor Within

a Uniform Multicomponent Macroscopic Mother Phase 327

M. Noppel, S. Mirme, A. Hienola, H. Vehkamiiki, M. Kulmala,

and P.E. Wagner

Stochastic Birth and Death Equations to Treat Chemistryand Nucleation in Small Systems 332

CM. L.-V. Kroon and I.J. Ford

Part III Nucleation: Ion and Cluster Properties

Surface Nucleation in Freezing Nanoparticles 339R.K. Bowles and E. Mendez-Villuendas

Contents xxiii

Biogenic Sesquiterpenes and Atmospheric New Particle Formation:

A Boreal Forest Site Investigation 344

B. Bonn, M. Boy, M.D. Maso, H, Hakola, A. Hirsikko, M. Kulmala,

T. Kurten, L. Laakso, J. Mdkeld, I. Riipinen, U. Rannik, S.-L. Sihto,

and T.M. Ruuskanen

Using Charging State in Estimating the Relative Importanceof Neutral and Ion-induced Nucleation 350

V.-M. Kerminen, T. Anttila, T. Petaja, L. Laakso, S. Gagne,K.E.J. Lehtinen, andM. Kulmala

The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation

at 1,465 m a.s.l 354

H. Venzac, K. Sellegri, and P. Laj

The Effect of Seed Particle Charge on Heterogeneous Nucleation 358

P.M. Winkler, G.W. Steinei; G.P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, RE. Wagner,

and M. Kulmala

Experimental Observation of Heterogeneous Nucleation

Probabilities for Ion-induced Nucleation 363

P.M. Winkler, G.W. Steiner, G.P. Reischl, A. Vrtala, RE. Wagner,

and M. Kulmala

Air Ion Measurements During a Cruise from Europe to Antarctica.. .

368

M. Vana, A. Virkkula, A. Hirsikko, P. Aallo, M. Kulmala, and R. Hillamo

Air Ion Measurements at Mace Head on the West Coast of Ireland....

373

M. Vana, M. Elm, T. Petaja, H. Vuollekoski, P. Aalto, G. de Leeuw,

D. Ceburnis, CD. O'Dowd, and M. Kulmala

Improving Particle Detection Efficiency of a Condensation Particle

Counter by Means of Pulse Height Analysis 378

M. Sipila, P. Aalto, H. Junninen, H. Manninen, T. Petaja, M. Ehn,

I. Riipinen, C. O'Dowd, andM. Kulmala

The Effect of Temperature on Ion Cluster Formation of 2-propanol.. .382

A.-K. Viitanen, T. Mattila, J.M. Mdkelci, M. Marjamiiki, and J. Keskinen

Heterogeneous Ion-induced Nucleation: Condensation of

Supersaturated Vapors on Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles 387

V. Abdelsayed and M.S. El-Shall

Charged State of Freshly Nucleated Particles: Implicationsfor Nucleation Mechanisms 392

F. Yu and R.P. Turco

Measurement of the Charging State with an lon-DMPS to Estimate

the Contribution of Ion-induced Nucleation 397

S. Gagne', L. Laakso, T. Petaja, V.-M. Kerminen, P.P. Aalto,

and M. Kulmala

xxiv Contents

Part IV lee Nucleation

Progress and Issues in Quantifying Ice Nucleation

Involving Atmospheric Aerosols 405

P.J. DeMott

Immersion Freezing Efficiency of Soot Particles with Various

Physico-Chemical Properties 418

O.B. Pupovicheva, N.M. Persiantseva, E.D. Kireeva, T.D. Khokhlovcu

N.K. Shonija, and E.V. Vlasenka

Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace

Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous

Flow Diffusion Chamber 423

A. Sa/ani, G. Lesins, and U. Lohmann

Ice Initiation for Various Ice Nuclei Types and its Influence

on Precipitation Formation in Convective Clouds 427

M. Simmet. H. Heinrich, and K. Diehl

Strong Dependence of Cubic Ice Formation on Aqueous DropletAmmonium to Sulphate Ratio 432

B. J. Murray and A.K. Bertram

Ice Cloud Formation Mechanisms Inferred from in

situ Measurements of Particle Number-size Distribution 436

Y. Tobo, D. Zhang, Y. Iwasaka, andC.-Y. Shi

The FINCH (Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber Counter) 440

U. Bundke, H. Bingemer, B. Nillius, R. Jaenicke, and T. Wetter

Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Soot Particles 445

O. Mohler

An Examination of a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber's

Performance: Implications for Field Measurements

of Ice Nuclei 450

M.S. Richardson, A.J. Prenni, P.J. DeMott, and S.M. Kreidenweis

Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei 455

N.S. Kim, A.G. Shilin, J. Backmann, and LA. Garaba

Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions

with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles 461

B. Zobrist, C. Marcolli, T. Koop, and T. Peter

Immersion Freezing in Emulsified Aqueous Sulfuric AcidSolutions Containing Agl Particles 466M. Bottcher and T. Koop

Contents xxv

Part V Air Quality - Climate

Global Dimming by Air Pollution and Global Warming byGreenhouse Gases: Global and Regional Perspectives 473

V. Ramanathan

Freshly Formed Aerosol Particles: Connections to Precipitation 484

B. Pokharel, J.R. Snider, and D. Leon

Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Propertiesand Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layerof Southeastern China 489

Y.F. Cheng, A. Wiedensohler, H. Eichler, Y.H. Zhang, W. Birmili,

E. Briiggemann, T. Gnauk, M. Tesche, H. Herrmann, A. Ansnumn,

D. Althausen, R. Englemann, M. Wcndisch, H. Su, and M. Hu

The Effect of Including Aerosol Nucleation and Coagulationin a Global Model 494

M. Wang and J.E. Penner

On the Estimated Impact of Anthropogenic Cloud Condensation

Nuclei (CCN) in the Region of Mexico City on the

Development of Precipitation 499

M.L. Frias-Ci.sneros and D.G. Baumgardner

Emission of Aerosol Black Carbon in the Atmosphereof Chhattisgarh 500

N.K. Jaiswal, K.S. Patel, Saathoff, and U. Schurath

Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical Cyclogenesis 501

N. Christina Hsu, Si-Chee Tsay, and KM. Lau

Aerosol Distributions over Europe: A Regional Model Evaluation....

503

B. Langmann, S. Varghese, CD. O'Dowel, and E. Manner

An Analysis on Aerosol Variable Tendency and Clouds PhysicalEffect for Decrease of Natural Precipitation over Hebei Area 507

D. Ying, W. Zhihui, S. Lixin, and Y. Baodong

An Assessment of the Direct Radiative Forcingof the PM1(|-Study Case 512

S. Stefan, A. Nemuc, C. Talianu, and C. Neculu

Measurements of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsin Atmospheric Aerosols from an Urban Site of Madrid (Spain) 517

A.I. Barrado, S. Garcia, R.M. Perez, and O. Pindado

The Simulation of Aerosol Transport over East Asia Region

Using CMAQ 522

Y.-S. Koo and S.-T. Kim

xxvi Contents

Part VI Aerosol - Cloud Interactions

Current Understanding of Aerosol-Climate Effects 529

S. Menon

Mass Spectral Evidence that Small Changes in CompositionCaused by Oxidative Aging Processes Alter Aerosol CCN 540

J.E. Shilling, S.M. King, M. Mochida, D.R. Worsnop, andS.T. Martin

Iodine Speciation in Rain and Snow 545

B.S. Gilfedder, M. Petri, andH. Beister

Using Aerosol Number to Volume Ratio in Predicting Cloud

Droplet Number Concentration 551

N. Kivekcis, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Anttila, H. Korhonen, M. Komppula,

and H. Lihavainen

Influence of Surface Tension on the Connection Between

Hygroscopic Growth and Activation 556

H. Wex, T. Hennig, D. Niedermeier, E. Nilsson, R. Ocskay, D. Rose,

I. Salma, M. Ziese, and F. Stratinann

On Aerosol-cloud Studies at the Puijo Semiurban

Measurement Station 561

Leskinen, T. Raatikainen, J. Hirvonen, A.-P. Hyvarinen, A. Kortelainen,

P. Miettinen, N. Pietikdinen, H. Portin, J. Rautiainen, R. Sorjamaa,P. Tiitta, P. Vaattovaara, A. Laaksonen, K.E.J. Lehtinen, H. Lihavainen,

and Y. Viisanen

Partitioning of Aerosol Particles in Mixed-phase Clouds

at a High Alpine Site 565

J, Cozic, B. Verheggen, E. Weingarlner, U. Baltensperger, S. Mertes,

K.N. Bower, I. Crawford, M. Flynn, P. Connolly, M. Gallagher;S. Walter, J. Schneider, J. Curtius, and A. Petzold

The Role of Aerosol Characteristics in the Evolution

of Clouds and Precipitation 570

V. Griitzun, 0. Knoth, M. Simmel, and R. Wolke

Maritime CCN Drizzle Relationships 576

S. Mishra, J.G. Hudson, and C.F. Rogers

Effect of Nucleation and Secondary Organic Aerosol

Formation on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations 580

R. Makkonen, A. Asmi, H. Korhonen, II. Kokkola, S. Jarvenoja,

P. Rdisdnen, K. Lehtinen, A. Laaksonen, V.-M. Kerminen, H. Jdrvinen,

U. Lohmann, J. Feichter, and M. Kulmala

Contents xxvii

Measurements of the Rate of Cloud Droplet Formation

on Atmospheric Particles 585

C. Ruehl, P. Chuang, and A. Nenes

Aerosol Particle Formation in Different Types of Air Masses

in Hyytiala, Southern Finland 591

L. Sogacheva, L. Saukkonen, M. Dal Maso, and M, Kulmala

Model Studies of Nitric Acid Condensation in Mixed-phase Clouds.. .

596

J.-P. Pietikainen, J. Hienola, H. Kokkola, S. Romakkaniemi, K. Lehtinen,

M. Kulmala, and A. Laaksonen

Modelling Cirrus Cloud Fields for Climate and Atmospheric

Chemistry Studies 601

A. Horseman, A.R. MacKenzie, and C. Ren

A Modelling Study of the Effect of Increasing BackgroundOzone on PM Production in Clouds 605

R.J. Flanagan and CD. O'Dowd

Part VII Aerosol Characterisation and Properties

Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle,Anomalous Aerosol 613

T. Deshler

Highlights of Fifty Years ofAtmospheric Aerosol Research

at Mace Head 625

T.C O'Connor, S.G. Jennings, and CD. O'Dowd

Transformation of Nitrates during the Transportof Air from China to Okinawa, Japan 630

S. Hatakeyama, A. Takaini, and Y. Takiguchi

Major Factors Affecting the Ambient Particulate Nitrate

Level at Gosan, Korea 635

N.K. Kim, Y.P. Kim, and CH. Kang

Fuctional Group Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry,Method Development, and Application to Particulate

Organic Matter 639

J. Dron, N. Marchand, and H. Wortham

Study on the Distribution and Variation Trends of AtmosphericAerosol Optical Depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China 644

D. Jing and M. Jietai

xxviii Contents

Detecting Below 3 nm Particles Using Ethylene Glycol-based Ultrafine

Condensation Particle Counter 649

K. Iida. M.R. Stolzenburg, and P.M. McMwry

Chlorine-phase Partitioning at Melpitz near Leipzig 654

D. Mailer and K. Acker

Measured Neutral and Charged Aerosol Particle Number

Size Distributions in Russia 659

E. Vartiainen, M. Kulmala, M. Elm, A. Hirsilcko, H. Junninen, T. Petilja,L, Sogacheva, S. Kuokka, R. Hiltamo, A. Skorokhod, I. Belikov,

N. Elansky, and V.-M. Kerminen

Size Distributions, Charging State, and Hygroscopicityof Aerosol Particles in Antarctica 664

E. Vartiainen, M. Elm, P.P. Aalta, A. Frey, A. Virkkula, R. Hillamo,

A. Arneth, and M. Kulmala

Dry Deposition Fluxes and Timescales of Turbulent Depositionover Tall Vegetative Canopies 669

F. Bir.san and S.C. Pryor

Observations of Particle Nucleation and Growth Events

in the Lower Free Troposphere 674

B. Verheggen, E. Weingartnei; J. Cozic, M. Vana, J. Balzani, E. Fries,

G. Legreid, A. Hirsilcko, M. Kulmala, and U. Baltensperger

Size-resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural

and Urban Sites in Central California, USA 679

J. Chow, J. Watson, D. Lowenthal, and K. Magliano

Measurement of Ultrafine and Fine Particle Black Carbon

and its Optical Properties 684

J. Watson, J. Chow, D. Lowenthal, and N. Motallebi

Hygroscopic and Volatile Properties of Ultrafine Particles

in the Eucalypt Forests: Comparison with Chamber

Experiments and the Role of Sulphatesin New Particle Formation 689Z. Ristovski, T. Suni, N. Meyer, G. Johnson, L. Morawska, J. Duplissy,E. Weingartnei; U. Baltenpserger, and A. Turnipseed

New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment 694L. Laakso, T. Petdjd, H. Laakso, P.P. Aalto, T. Pohja, E. Siivola,P. Keronen, S. Haapanala, M. Kulmala, H. Hakola, N. Kgabi,M. Molefe, D. Mabaso, K. Pienaar, E. Sjdberg, and M. Jokinen

Contents xxix

Hot-air Balloon Measurements of Vertical Variation

of Boundary Layer New Particle Formation 698

L. Laakso, T. Gronholm, S. Haapanala, A. Hirsikko, T. Kurten, M. Bay,A. Sogachev, I. Riipinen, M. Kulmala, L. Kulmala, E.R. Lovejoy, J. Kazil,

D. Nilsson, and F. Stratmann

Optical Properties and Radiative Effects of Aerosols

in a Coastal Zone 702

A. Saha, M. Mallet, J.C. Roger, P. Dubuisson, J. Piazzola,

and S. Despiau

On Water Condensation Particle Counters and their Applicabilityto Field Measurements 707

T. Petaja, H.E. Manninen, F. Stratmann, M. Sipild, G. Mordas,

P.P. Aalto, H. Vehkamaki, W. Binnili, K. Hameri, and M. Kulmala

Relationship of Aerosol Microphysical Propertiesand Chemical Composition of Aerosol in the Baltic Sea Region 711

A. Pugatshova, 0. Kikas, M. Priissel, A. Reinart, E. Tanvn, and V, Ulevicius

Hygroscopic Properties of Sub-micrometer AtmosphericAerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments

in Various Environments - A Review 716

K. Hameri, E. Swietlicki, H.-C. Hansson, A. Massling, T. Petaja, P. Turned,

E. Weingartner, U. Baltenspergei; P.H. McMurry, G. McFiggans,B. Svenningsson, A. Wiedensohler, and M. Kulmala

Contrasting Organic Aerosol Behaviour in Continental Polluted,Biomass Burning and Pristine Tropical Forest Environments 721

H. Coe, J. Allan, K. Bower, G. Capes, J. Crosier, J. Haywood, S. Osborne,

A. Minnikin, J. Murphy, A. Petzold, C. Reeves, and P. Williams

Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km

over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006 726

A. Minikin, T. Hamburger, H. Schlager, M. Fiebig, and A. Petzold

Closure Between Chemical Composition and Hygroscopic Growth

of Aerosol Particles During TORCH2 731

M. Gysel, J. Crosier, D.O. Topping, J.D. Whitehead, K.N. Bower,

M.J. Cubison, P.I. Williams, M.J. Flynn, G.B. McFiggans, and H. Coe

Heterogeneous Oxidation of Saturated Organic Particles by OH 736

/. George, A. Vlasenko, J. Slowik, and J. Abbatt

Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations

and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics 741

A.S. Safatov, IS. Andreeva, G.A. Buryak, V.V. Marchenko, S.E. OVkin,LK. Reznikova, V.E. Repin, A.N. Sergeev, B.D. Belan, andM.V. Panchenko

XXX Contents

Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of

Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer ....746

C. Verhaege, P. Personne, and V. Shcherbakov

Number Density and Carbon Concentration of Accumulation

Mode Particles over the North Pacific Ocean 750

K. Matsumoto and M. Uematsu

Comparative Effect of Airborne Pollutants on 3 AngstromTurbidity Coefficients 755

C.-C. Wen and C.-H. Luo

Weekly Distribution of the Aerosol Pollution of the Atmospherein Tbilisi 756

A.G. Amiranashvili, V.A. Amiranashvili, D.D. Kirkitadze,

and K.A. Tavartkiladze

The Influence of Relative Humidity on the Changeabilityof the Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth 761

K.A. Tavartkiladze andA.G. Amiranashvili

Ground-based Observations of the Chemical Compositionof Asian Outflow Aerosols 766

Charles C.-K. Chou, S.J. Chen, M.T. Cheng, W.C. Hsu, C.T. Lee,

Y.L. Wu, C.S. Yuan, S.-C. Hsu, C.S.-C. Lung, and Shaw C. Liu

The Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei over

the Bohai Gulf 771

L. Shi, Y. Duan, anclX. Dong

Study of Aerosol Emission at Continental Area of Russia 777

V.V. Smirnov

Modeling the Non-ideal Thermodynamics of Mixed

Organic/Inorganic Aerosols 782

A. Zuend, C. Marcolli, B.P. Luo, and Th, Peter

7Be-21uPb Concentration Ratio in Ground Level Air in Malaga(36.7° N, 4.5° W) 787

C. Duetias, M.C. Fernandez, S. Canete, andM. Perez

Chemical Composition and Size Distribution of Fine Aerosol

Particles Measured with AMS on the East Coast of the Baltic Sea 792

./. Ovadnevaite, D. Cebumis, K. Kvietkus, I. Rimselyte,

and E. Pesliakaite

Uptake of Nitric Acid on NaCl Single Crystals Measured

by Backscattering Spectrometry 797

M. Hess, U.K. Krieger, C. Marcolli, and T. Peter

Contents xxxi

Investigation of the Heterogeneous Reactions Between

Ammonia and Nitric Acid Aerosols 802

T. Townsend and J.R. Sodeau

Carbonaceous Materials in Size-segregated AtmosphericAerosols in Urban and Rural Environments

in North-western Portugal 809

C.L. Mieiro, A. Penetm, R.M.B. Duarte, C.A. Pio, and A.C. Duarte

Using Fohn Conditions to Characterize Urban and RegionalSources of Particles 814

D. Mira-Salama, R. Van Dingenen, C. Gruening, J.-P. Putaud, F. Cavalli,

P. Cavalli, N. Erdmann, A. DelVAcqua, S. Dos Santos, J. Hjorth, F. Raes,

andN.R. Jensen

Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in the Free Troposphere

over Siberia 819

M. Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, Ph. Nedelec, J.-D. Paris, and T. Machida

EC/OC at Two Sites in Prague 824

J. Schwarz, X. Chi, W. Maenhaut, M. Civis, J. Hovorka, and J. SmoKk

Submicrometric Aerosol Size Distributions in Southwestern Spain:Relation with Meteorological Parameters 829

M. Sorribas, V.E. Cachorro, J.A. Adame, B. Wehner, W. Birmili,

A. Wiedensohler, A.M. de Frutos, anclB.A. de la Morena

Characterization of a Propane Soot Generator 834

E. Barthazy, 0. Stetzer, C. Derungs, S. Wahlen, and U. Lohmann

Aerosol Particle Formation Events at Two Siberian Stations 840

M.D. Maso, L, Sogacheva, A. Vlasov, A. Staroverova, A. Lushnikov,

M. Anisimov, V.A. Zagaynov, T.V. Khodzher, V.A. Obolkin,

Yu. S. Lyubotseva, I. Riipinen, V.-M. Kerminen, andM. Kulmala

Characterization of Rural Aerosol in Southern Germany

(HAZE 2002) 845

J. Schneider, N. Hock, S. Borrmann, G. Moortgat, A. Rompp, T. Frunze,

C. Schauer, U. Poschl, C. Plass-Dulmer, and H. Berresheim

Chemical Composition, Regional Sources, and Seasonal

Patterns of TSP Aerosols at Mace Head 850

D. Ceburnis, C. Mulroy, S.G. Jennings, and CD. O'Dowd

The Formation of Radiatively Active Aerosol from Coastal

Nucleation Events 855

R.G. Dupuy, CD. O'Dowd, andS. G. Jennings

Funneling of Meteoric Material into the Polar Winter Vortex 860

L. Megner

xxxii Contents

Connection Between Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depthand Aerosol Particle Number Concentration in the Air in Tbilisi 865

A.G. Amiranashvili, V.A. Amiranashvili, D.D. Kirkitadze,

and K.A. Tavartkiladze

Part VIII Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth

Regional Air Quality-Atmospheric Nucleation Interactions 871

J. Jung, P.J. Adams, and S.N. Pandis

Atmospheric Nucleation 878

M. Kulmala

Density of Boreal Forest Aerosol Particles as a Function

of Mode Diameter 888

J. Kannosto, A. Virtanen, T. Riinkko, P.P. Aalto, M. Kulmala, and J. Keskinen

Effects of Photochemistry and Convection on the UT/LS

Aerosol Nucleation: Observations 892

D.R. Benson, S.-H. Lee, L.-H. Young, W.M. Montanaw, H. Junninen,

M. Kulmala, T.L. Campos, D.C. Rogers, and J. Jensen

Estimating Nanoparticle Growth Rates from Size-Dependent

Charged Fractions - Analysis of New Particle Formation Events

in Mexico City 897

K. Ma, M.R. Stolzenburg, J.N. Smith, and PH. McMurry

Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian

Eucalypt Forest 902

T. Suni, M. Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, A. Hirsikko, T. Bergman, P. Aalto,

M. Vana, U. Horrak, A. Mirme, S. Mirme, L. Laakso, M. Dal Maso,

R. Leaning, H. Cleugh, S. Zegelin, D. Hughes, R. Hurley, E. van Gorsel,

M. Kitchen, M. Keywood, J. Ward, H. Hakola, J. Back, C. Tadros,

J. Twining, and J. Paalero

Factors Controlling Spring and Summer Time Aerosol Size

Distributions in the Arctic: A Global Model Study 906

PL Korhonen, D.V. Spracklen, K.S. Carslaw, and C.W. Mann

The Impact of Boundary Layer Nucleation on Global CCN 911

K.S. Carslaw, D.S. Spracklen, M. Kulmala, V.-M. Kerminen, S.L. Sihto,and 1. Riipinen

Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Extinction by Mixed

Organic/Sulfate Particles 916

M.R. Beaver, T. Baynard, R.M. Garland, C. Hasenkopf,A.R. Ravishankara, andM.A. Tolbert

Contents xxxiii

Evaporation Rates and Saturation Vapour Pressures of C3-C6

Dicarboxylic Acids 920

/. Riipinen, I.K. Koponen, M. Bilde, A.l. Hienola, and M. Kulmala

Aerosol Formation from Plant Emissions: The Jiilich Plant Chamber

Experiments 924

M.D. Maso, T. Mentel, A. Kiendler-Scharr, T. Hohaus, E. Kleist,

M. Miebach, R. Tillmann, R. Uerlings, R. Fisseha, P. Griffiths, Y. Rudich,

E. Dinar, and J. Wildt

Upward Fluxes of Particles over Forests: When, Where, Why? 928

S.C. Pryor, R.J. Barthelmie, L.L. Sfirensen, andS.E. Larsen

Observations of Winter-time Nucleation and Particle Growth

over/in a Forest 933

S.C. Pryor and R.J. Barthelmie

Ion-mediated Nucleation as an Important Source

of Global Tropospheric Aerosols 938

F. Yu, Z. Wang, andR.P. Turco

Atmospheric Aerosol and Ion Characteristics during EUCAP

(Eucalypt Forest Aerosols and Precursors) 943

T. Suni, Z. Ristovski, L. Morawska, A. Guenther, A. Turnipseed,L. Sogacheva, M. Kulmala, H. Hakala, and J. Back

Revising the Fuchs "Boundary Sphere" Method 948

V. Smorodin

Atmospheric Charged and Total Particle Formation

Rates below 3 nm 953

/. Riipinen, H.E. Manninen, T. Nieminen, M. Sipild, T. Petdjd,and M. Kulmala

An Algorithm for Automatic Classification of Two-dimensional

Aerosol Data 957

H. Junninen, I. Riipinen, M.D. Maso, and M. Kulmala

Capturing the Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust 962

M. Lemmetty, L. Pirjola, E. Vouitsis, and J. Keskinen

Conditions Favouring New Particle Formation

in A Polluted Environment: Results of the QUEST-Po

Valley Experiment 2004 966

M.C. Facchini, L. Emblico, F. Cavalli, S. Decesari, M. Mircea,

M. Rinaldi, S. FuzzU and A. Laaksoonen

New Method for Simulation of SupersaturatedVapor Condensation 969

N.M. Kortsensteyn and A.K. Yastrebov

xxxiv Contents

Simulations of Iodine Dioxide Nucleation 974

H. Vuollekoski, M. Kulmala, V.-M, Kerminen, T. Anttila, S.-L. Sihto,

I. Riipinen, H. Korhonen, G. McFiggans, and CD. O'Dowd

Development and Estimation of an Expression of Particle

Dry Deposition Process Using the Moment Method 979

S.Y Bae, C.H. Jung, and Y.P. Kim

Investigating the Chemical Composition of Growing Nucleation

Mode Particles with CPC Battery 984

H.E. Manninen, M. Kulmala, I. Riipinen, T. Petdjd, M. Sipila,

T. Gronholm, P.P. Aalto, and K. Humeri

Aerosol Formation from Isoprene: Determination of Particle

Nucleation and Growth Rates 989

B. Verheggen, A. Metzger, J. Duplissy, J. Dommen, E. Weingartner,

A.S.H. Prevoi, and U. Baltensperger

Heterogeneous Reactivity of Sulfate-coated CaC03 Particles

with Gaseous Nitric Acid 994

A. Morikawa, T. Ishizalca, and S. Tohno

Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties of Fine Aerosol

as a Function of Relative Humidity at Gosan, Korea duringABC-EAREX 2005 999

K.-J. Moon, J.-S. Han, and Y.-D. Hong

Austral Summer Particle Formation Events Observed

at the King Sejong Station 1004

Y.J. Yoon, B.Y.Lee, T.J. Choi, T.G. Seo, andS.S. Yum

Analysing the Number Concentration of 50nm Particles

with Multivariate Mixed Effects Model 1008

S. Mikkonen, K.E.J. Lehtinen, A. Hamed, J. Joutsensaari, and A. Laaksonen

Aerosol Dynamics Box Model Studies on the Connection

of Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation 1013

S.-L. Sihto, H. Vuollekoski, J. Leppd, I. Riipinen, V.-M. kerminen,

H. Korhonen, K.E.J. Lehtinen, andM. Kulmala

Effect of Vegetation on Aerosol Formation in South-east Australia ....1018

T. Suni, H. Hakola, J. Back, R. Hurley, T. Ruuskanen, M. Kulmala,

L. Sogacheva, R. Leuning, H. Cleugh, E. van Gorsel, and H. Keith

Linear Model of Nucleation Burst in the Atmosphere 1023

A.A. Lushnikov, M. Kulmala, and Yu. S. Lyubovtseva

Condensational Growth of «-Propanol and /?-Nonane Droplets:Experiments and Model Calculations 1028

7. Riipinen, P.M. Winkler, RE. Wagner, A.I. Hienola, K.E.J. Lehtinen,and M. Kulmala

Contents xxxv

Connections Between Ambient Sulphuric Acid and New Particle

Formation in Hyytiala and Heideleberg 1033

/. Riipinen, S.-L. Sihto, M. Kulmala, F. Arnold, M.D. Maso, W. Birmili,

V.-M. Kerminen, A. Laaksonen, and K.E.J. Lehtinen

Do We Miss Fragile Particles in Particle Size

Distribution Measurements? 1038

B. Bonn, M. Boy, H. Korhonen, T. Petaja, and M. Kulmala

Part IX Marine Aerosol Production

Organic Marine Aerosol: State-of-the-Art and New Findings 1045

M.C. Facchini and CD. O'Dowd

Physicochemical Characterisation of Marine Boundary LayerAerosol Particles during the Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes,

and Whitecaps (SEASAW) Experiment 1050

J.J.N. Lingard, B.J. Brooks, S.J. Norris, I.M. Brooks, andM.H. Smith

Iodine Speciation in Marine Boundary Layer 1055

S. Lai, N. Springer, J. Miinz, and T. Hoffmann

DOAS Measurements of Iodine Oxides in the Framework

of the MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) Project 1060

K. Seitz

Chemical Fluxes in North-east Atlantic Air 1064

D. Ceburnis, CD. O'Dowd, M.C, Facchini, L. Emblico, S. Decesari,

J. Sakalys, andS.G. Jennings

On the Contribution of Isoprene Oxidation to Marine

Aerosol over the Northeast Atlantic 1070

T. Anttilu, B. Langmann, S. Varghese, C. Scannell, and CD. O'Dowd

Organic Fraction in Recently Formed Nucleation Event Particles

in Mace Head Coastal Atmosphere during MAP 2006

Summer Campaign 1075

P. Vaattovaara, A. Kortelainen, and A. Laaksonen

A Global Emission Inventory of Submicron Sea-spray Aerosols 1079

C. Scannell and CD. O'Dowd

A Combined Organic-Inorganic Sea-spray Source Function 1083

CD. O'Dowd, B. Langmann, S. Varghese, C. Scannell, D. Ceburnis,

and M.C Facchini

Observations of Oceanic Whitecap Coverage in the North

Atlantic during Gale Force Winds 1088

A. Callaghan, G. de Leeuw, and L. Cohen

xxxvi Contents

Primary Marine Aerosol Produced duringBubble Bursting Experiments Using Baltic Sea, North Sea,

and Atlantic Waters 1093

K. Hultin, E.D. Nilsson, R. Krejci, G. de Leeuw, andM. Martensson

Similarity Between Aerosol Physicochemical Properties at a Coastal

Station and Open Ocean over the North Atlantic 1098

M. Rinaldi, M. C. Facchini, C. Carbone, E. Finessi, S. Decesari, M. Mircea,

S. Fuzzi, D. Cebumis, and CD. O'Dowd

Marine Aerosol and Secondary Particle Formation

over the North Atlantic 1102

M. Ehn, T. Petdjd, P. Aalto, G. de Leeuw, CD. O'Dowd, and M. Kulmala

Role of the Volatile Fraction of Marine Aerosol

on its Hygroscopic Properties 1106

K. Sellegri, P. Villani, D. Picard, R. Dupuy, CD. 0'Dowd, and P. Laj

Sea Salt Production and Distribution over the North-east Atlantic....

1110

S. Varghese, B. Langmann, and CD. O'Dowd

Evaluation of Measured and Predicted Cloud Condensation

Nuclei in Mace Head 1115

J. Byrne, CD. O'Dowd, S.G. Jennings, andR. Dupuy

Part X Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds

Aerosol Impact on Remote Sensing in Coastal Environment 1123

G.A. Kaloshin

Full Column Aerosol Optical Depth Observations in the

Vicinity of Clouds 1129

/. Redemann, Q. Zhang, P.B. Russell, andJ.M. Livingston

Dust Intrusion Influence on Atmospheric Boundary LayerUsing Lidar Data 1134

A. Nemuc, S. Stefan, D. Nicolae, C. Talianu, V. Filip, and J. Ciuciu

Alignment of Atmospheric Dust Observed by High-SensitivityOptical Polarimetry 1139

Z Ulanowski, J. Bailey, P.W. Lucas, J.H. Hough, and E. Hirst

Retrieval of Aerosol Distributions by Multi-Axis Differential

Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) 1145

R. Sinreich, U. Frie/S, T. Wagner, S. Yilmaz, and U. Piatt

Variations of Desert Dust Optical Properties over

Solar Village, KSA 1150

F.M. Hasan and I. Sabbah

Contents xxxvii

Atmospheric Aerosols Optical Properties and Climate

over Solar Village, KSA 1155

/. Sabbah and EM. Hasan

Aerosol Optical Depth Determination by Combination

of Lidar and Sun Photometer 1159

T. Evgenieva, N. Kolev, I. Iliev, and I. Kolev

Wind Speed Influences on Aerosol Optical Depth in Clean

Marine Air 1164

J. P. Mulcahy, CD. O'Dowd, S.G. Jennings, andD. Ceburnis

Validation of Satellite Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depthwith Ground-based Measurements at Mace Head, Ireland 1169

J.P. Mulcahy, S.G. Jennings, CD. O'Dowd, W. von Hoyningen-Huene,and J. P. Burrows

Part XI Chemical Composition and Cloud Drop Activation

Laboratory Studies on the Properties and Processes

of Complex Organic Aerosols 1177

Y. Rudich, E. Dinar, I. Taraniuk, A.A. Riziq, E.R. Graber, C Erlick,

T. Anttila, and T. Mentel

Internal Mixing of Organic and Elemental Componentsin DYCOMS-II Cloud Drop Activation 1182

L.N. Hawkins, L.M. Russell, and CH. Twohy

Optical Particle Counter Measurement of Marine Aerosol

Hygroscopic Growth 1185

J.R. Snider and M.D. Fetters

Aerosol-CCN Closure at a Semi-rural Site 1190

R.Y.-W. Chang, P.S.K. Liu, W.R. Leaitch, andJ.P.D. Abbott

Characterization of Sesquiterpene Secondary Organic Aerosol:

Thermodynamic Properties, Aging Characteristics, CCN

Activity, and Droplet Growth Kinetic Analysis 1195

A. Asa-Awuku, G. Engelhart, B.H. Lee, S. Pandis, and A. Nenes

Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity of Secondary OrganicAerosol Particles Mixed with Sulfate 1200

S.M. King, T. Rosenoern, J.E. Shilling, Q. Chen, andS.T. Martin

Particle Size Critical Supersaturation Relationships 1205

J.G. Hudson and CE Rogers

Aerosol Microphysics in the GISS Climate Model 1209

S.E. Bauer, D. Wright, D. Koch, S. Menon, and R. McGraw

xxxviii Contents

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Online Chemical

Composition Analysis by Thermal Desorption Chemical

Ionisation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TDCIAMS) 1214

G. Eyglunent, A. Leperson, G. Solignac, N. Marchand, and A, Monad

Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity at Jeju Island (Korea)in Spring 1219

M. Kuwaiti, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Komazaki, Y. Kondo, J.H. Kim, and S.S. Yum

CCN Properties ofWater-soluble Organic Compounds Produced

by Common Bioaerosols 1224

S. Ekstrom, B. Noziere, and H.-C. Hansson

An Annual Study of Organic Atmospheric Aerosol

from a Rural Site of Madrid (Spain) 1230

O. P'mdado, R.M. Perez, S. Garcia, and A.I. Barrado

Fine Particulate Matter in Apulia (South Italy):Chemical Characterization 1235

M. Amodia, P. Bruno, M. Caselli, G. de Gennaro, P. lelpo, B.E. Daresta,

P.R. Dambmoso, CM. Placentino, andM. Tutino

Author Index 1239

Subject Index 1249