romanian defence
DESCRIPTION
Romanian DefenceTRANSCRIPT
Romanian
Defence
MINISTRY OF national DEFENCE
Contents
Romanian
Defence
• Foreword by the Minister ofNational Defence
• Foreword by the Chief ofGeneral Staff
• Priorities in MoND DefencePolicy
• Five years of NATOmembership
• Strategic partenerships• Land Forces• Air Forces• Naval Forces• Romanian Troops in
Afghanistan• Romanian Troops in
Irak• Romanian Troops in
Kosovo• Contribution to Operation
„Active Endeavour“• Engaging in EU Mission• Romanian Military in UN
Missions• Military education – marks
the reform29 • Housing for military’
employees• Credibility through
transparency• Services and branches
celebrations in theRomanian Armed Forces
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PRIORITIES IN MONDDEFENCE POLICYPRIORITIES IN MONDDEFENCE POLICY
STRATEGIC PARTENERSHIPS
MILITARY EDUCATION – MARKS THE REFORM
ROMANIAN TROOPS IN IRAKSERVICES AND BRANCHES
CELEBRATIONS IN THEROMANIAN ARMED FORCES
SERVICES AND BRANCHESCELEBRATIONS IN THE
ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES
CONTRIBUTION TOOPERATION„ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR“
CONTRIBUTION TOOPERATION„ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR“
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCEInformation and Public Relations Directorate
General Staff Public Relations SectionLayout and Cover: Gabriela Chircea
Photos by: MoND photographers & PR officersPrinted at Military Technical Publishing Center
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1
OOne cannot denythe fact that majordifficulties confron -
ting the Romanian societywill also influence the ac-tions of the National Mili-tary Institution. The drasticbudget reduction for De-fence made us rethink thephilosophy for develop-ment, under these circum-stances, and we mustdiligently take upon our-selves the efforts and theperspectives of continuingthe development of ourprograms. This is why wedoctrinally, strategicallyand operationally validatethe fundamental missionsof the Romanian ArmedForces which are basedon the North-Atlantic Al-liance and European Unionmembership as well as theConstitution.
Therefore, we are con-sidering: the consolidationof the political-militarypro file of Romania withinNATO, in the applied con-text of the Alliance trans-formation process, in whichour country should beable to assume new roles;the continuation of its
strategic involvement inthe effort of the interna-tional community tocounter terrorism; the de-velopment of the political-military relations withinthe Alliance, emphasizingthe constructive respon-siveness of the strategicpartnership; the intensifi-cation of the contributionto conceptual and opera-tional developments withinEuropean Security and De-fence Policy; the strength-ening of the political-mi litary dialogue as wellas military cooperation inthe Extended Black SeaRegion; maintaining ourcurrent capabilities of de-ployable and fully sustain-able structures.
These are a few directionssubstantiated politicallyand in military ope rationswhich focus the efforts ofthe leadership of the Min-istry of National Defencein main taining, upgradingand increasing the effec-tiveness of a positive con-tinuity of the Europeanand Euro-Atlantic integra-tion process.
Foreword by the Minister of National Defence
Mihai STÃNIŞOARĂ, Minister of National Defence
Foreword by the Chief of General Staff
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AAfter five year membership ofRomania into the North Atlan-tic Alliance, I will invite you to
meet the Romanian Armed Forces, avital institution of our state that iscurrently being undergoing a trans-formation and modernization pro-cess in deep agreement with thespecific challanges of this start of the3rd millenium.
The Romanian General Staff, as amilitary strategic leadership struc-ture, has established and provided -based on its legally stipulated func-tions - its guidance to develop Roma-nian Armed Forces into a solid,reliable, flexible and dynamic body,capable to fulfill any mission assig-ned.
While ongoing its transformatio-nal process, Romanian Armed Forceshas appropriated and assumed thegeneral tendency of NATO and mo-reover a special focus has been givento those activities meant to achievethe Alliance’s standards in respectwith rendering military units opera-tional.
Romanian Armed Forces have al-ready military structures made ope-rational and validated accordingly byNATO standards, including „invete-rate/accustomed” troops that havewell experienced difficult and com-plex missions in Irak, Afghanistan,West Balkans, Mediterranean Sea orAfrica. Our Romanian military troopshave also proved their professionalcapability in participation to a largenumber of joint exercises conductedalong with our allies. Due to theirprofessionalism, devotion and pre-pardness to make the ultimate sacri-fice in the fight they are engaged, ourtroops confirmed the trustworthinessthey were invested with, as reliablesoldiers of our country and NorthAtalntic Allliance, as well.
After the mission of six years inIrak, as part of a joint endeavour, theRomanian Armed Forces is nowproud to report to its citizens that thealmost seven thousands troops havefulfill with dignity their task and con-tributed to stabilization and recons-truction of Irak. Many of the realitiesof today and tomorrow’s Irak couldnot have been possible unless Roma-nian military participated into. At this
moment, the completion of this mis-sion – the first large scale operationwhen measured to the second WorldWar – will enable us make the measu-rable assessment of the degree towhich our troops – under the directcontrol and supervision of its GeneralStaff – were able, as part of a militarycoallition, to employ a complex me-chanism to force projection to longdistances and sustainability in thea-tres of operation.
The effort to participate in theISAF mission (International SecurityAssistance Force), under NATO man-date, in Afghanistan has constantlyincreased from a year to another dueto the Romania’s committments; atpresent, Romanian Armed Forces hasgot 1.000 troops deployed to this thiscountry. Moreover, we should under-line the fact that this contributiontakes place over a large area, in oneof very important zone of Afghanis-tan.
In 2008 Romania hosted theNATO Summit at Bucharest; a conse-quence was thereafter its recognitionfrom the Alliance’s states, namely therole assumed to provide security andinvolve therefore into solving out thelocal, regional and global security is-sues. Romania takes part into theprojects and initiatives for enhancingNATO capabilities. Additionally, Ro-mania supports the development of anew strategic Concept for the Al-liance to approach all the specificareas, especially solidarity in this newsecurity environment.
Domestically, Romanian ArmedForces enjoys the trust of its citizensand the way our military train them-selves and achieve their missionsboth in country and outside, is highlyappreciated by our people.
Our Armed Forces is making ef-forts to identify the best possible so-lutions for equipping and forproviding the necessary conditions oftraining and preparing for combat.Our efforts are now directed towardsequipping all the Services with thenecessary capabilities but also to-wards modernization and mainte-nance of the existing capabilities.
We are also interested into thewelfare of our troops, mostly, theirpsychological and moral status; and
this is the reason we struggle to esta-blish a real partenership between ourinstitution and military in view toidentify some manners to smoothlyintegrate themselves into the sociallife.
The bilateral and multinational re-lationships are focused on the identi-fication of the most beneficial waysto cooperate in different areas, suchas training, operations, education,data and information exchange, so-cial programs to enable our militaryand parteners to take contact withthe cultural values of the others.
These are only a few reasons I in-vite you to look at this magazinewhere I am sure you will find out in-teresting and useful pieces of infor-mation on Romanian Armed Forces.
Admiral Gheorghe MARIN PhD.,Admiral Gheorghe MARIN PhD.,Chief of General StaffChief of General Staff
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Priorities in MoND Defence Policy
IIIn the current evolving securityenvironment, subject to unfore-seeable developments, national
security can no longer be ensuredonly by domestic means and en-deavours. We highly value dialog,close cooperation and joint actionat regional and international level.Our security and defence policy isentirely founded on the principlesof collective, cooperative and indi-visible security. Therefore, our prio -rities are driven by our twofoldstatus, as NATO and EU memberstate, and the necessity tostrengthen bilateral relations andregional cooperation. Therefore,the efforts the Ministry of NationalDefence focus on:
Developing credible defenceDeveloping credible defencecapabilitiescapabilities
As a sine qua non condition inachieving our defence policy prio -rities, the development of credibledefence capabilities is a top prio rity.Constant efforts are required inorder to revise the force structureand build up interoperable, high-readiness, deployable and sustai -nable forces. Since January 1, 2007,the Romanian Armed Forces havebeen completely professionalized.Nevertheless, there still are forth-coming plans to acquire interope -rable equipment and armament.
Simultaneously, human resour -ces management is being impro -ved. This process should lead toincreased effectiveness by reducingduplication, providing transpa -rency, implementing a competen -ce-based selection system and apyramid-tailored system of militaryhierarchy.
We have also set up as a prioritythe upgrading of the planning anddefence resources management.
Armament and military equip-ment procurement programs are
based on the general objective es-tablished in the TransformationStrategy of the Romanian ArmedForces reviewed in 2007, regardingthe achievement of a modern struc-ture. It would be fully professional,with greater mobility, efficient,flexible, deployable, sustainable,and capable of acting jointly and tobe engaged in a wide range of na-tional and international missions,from the basic restructuring phaseto the operational integrationphase into NATO and the EuropeanUnion.
The strategic programs meet theessential security interests of thecountry and the assumed commit-ments of Romania to NATO. Thestrategic programs are:
• Multi-role aircrafts;• Long-range air defence systems;• Multifunctional corvettes;• Mine hunters;• Armoured personnel carriers;• Light armoured and non-ar-
moured vehicles.
Romania’s commitments toRomania’s commitments toNATONATO
In order to consolidate ourmembership, the national effortsare directed towards clearly definedpriorities, such as: meeting thecommitments Romania made withinthe allied defence planning process,supporting initiatives aimed at de-veloping allied forces and capabili-ties, participating in the entirerange of allied operations, and en-hancment of the Romanian armedforces’ level of interoperability andoperational capacity within multi-national missions.
Romania is actively involved inthe NATO transformation process,both by contributing to conceptualdevelopments and taking part inongoing programmes and initia-tives, including the NATO ResponseForce (NRF) and the multinationalcapabilities commitments.
The procurement programs aim to:
• Improving technical status ofarmaments and military equip-ment;
• Reaching EU and NATO stan-dards;
• Using the technical and techno-logical capacities of Romanianindustry, within the limits ofthe budget allotted for defenceprocurement.
Priorities in MoND Defence Policy
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We are also contributing withforces and capabilities to all NATO–led operations: International SecurityAssistance Force (ISAF) in Afgha -nistan, Kosovo Force (KFOR), NATOTraining Mission – Iraq (NTM-I) andthe only Article 5 Allied Operationcurrently taking place in the Medi -terranean Sea (Operation AACTIVEENDEAVOUR).
Furthermore, Romania constan -tly endorsed the importance of theNATO partnership policy throughdialog and cooperation, as a criticalelement in promoting security andstability in the Euro-Atlantic regionand beyond.
As a living proof of Romania’scredibility among its allies, thelargest Summit in the history of theAlliance was organized in Bucharestin 2008.
Contributing to the Contributing to the European Security and European Security and Defence PolicyDefence Policy
Romania is constantly strengt -hening its commitments with forcesand capabilities in line with the Eu-ropean Security and Defence Poli -cy’s developments. In this regard,our present strategic priority is toaccomplish the EU Headline Goal2010.
By contributing with forces andcapabilities to two Battle Groups,Romania is actively involved in thedevelopment of the EU rapid reac-tion capacity.
Moreover, we are focused onour involvement in the EuropeanDefence Agency and have an activepresence in EUFOR-Althea militaryoperation.
Projecting Regional Projecting Regional Stability and SecurityStability and Security
As a NATO and EU memberstate, Romania promotes a proac-
tive regional policy, designed toproject stability and security in theBalkans and the Black Sea region.
The increasing strategic impor-tance of the wider Black Sea regionrequires a comprehensive approach.To this end, our defence endea -vours are focused on strengtheningthe political-military dialog and mi l-itary bilateral cooperation, providingdefence reform assistance pro-grams and enhancing our contribu-tion to multinational cooperationinitiatives.
Participating in the FightParticipating in the Fightagainst Terrorismagainst Terrorism
Romania’s defence policy goalscall for a permanent connection tothe developments of the interna-tional security environment. Basedon the principle of indivisible andcooperative security, we will con-tinue to be involved in the interna-tional efforts to fight terrorism, byoffering intelligence capabilitiesand military support.
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Five years of NATO membership
TThe Alliance’s major event ofspring 2009 recently con-cluded in Strasbourg-Kehl.
The Anniversary Summit wasmeant not only to celebrate 60years of NATO but it offered aunique opportunity to reaffirmthe allied commitment to the va -lues and principles on which theNorth-Atlantic Alliance is based.For Romania, the significance ofthis Summit is even more farreaching, as this April we cele-brated of five years of NATOmembership. Romania also marked
fifteen years of formal coopera-tion with NATO, firstly initiatedthrough the PfP Program. InJanuary 1994, Romania was thefirst partner to sign the PfPFramework document openingthe road to what would to be-come one of the most successfulNATO cooperation initiatives.Since April 2004, as a fully fledgedNATO member, Romania becamepart of what is known as the mostcomplex process of “re-inventing”NATO. From this perspective, thelast five years were a period of
challenges and achievements forRomania, in terms of militarytransformation and adaptation tothe requirements of the member-ship status. These five years havebeen one of the most demandingperiods in NATO’s history. The Al-liance has been involved in se - veral operations and missions,with an unprecedented high op-erational tempo. NATO has alsoengaged in a number of ambi-tious projects and initiativesaimed at transforming and adap -ting NATO to the conditions of thenew international environment.
Romania’s first five years inNATO accompanied with the en-thusiastic creation and challeng-ing implementation of NRF, theenduring engagement of the Al-liance in Afghanistan. This is thereform of NATO’s way of doingbusiness or the progress made inachieving essential capabilitiessuch as strategic airlift and infor-mation superiority.
As a NATO member, Romaniais fully committed to the Alliance’sfounding principles and sharesthe benefits and responsibilitiesof membership. Firmly observantof the provisions of Article 5 andsupporter of a strong trans-At-lantic link, Romania set collectivedefence at the core of the Al-liance’s security role. Neverthe-less, the nature of the currentthreats and the perspectives ofthe future security environmentput a premium on the expedi-tionary ability and the capacity tocounter threats as they arise. Thisis why adapting national forcesand participating in NATO initia-tives like NRF, strategic lift or
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ground surveillance became of ut-most importance.
Ensuring a sound contributionto the allied decision-makingprocess, operations and initiativesis one of the guiding principles ofthe Romanian national defencepolicy. Efforts are aimed at con-solidating our profile withinNATO, through a coherent ap-proach, oriented on defencetransformation on one hand andcontribution to the Allied opera-tions on the other. This approachimplies a correlation between in-
ternal reforms, participation in al-lied capability initiatives and thelevel of national commitments toNATO missions. In terms of de-fence outputs this means agreater focus on reaching theForce Goals and delivering moreflexible, deployable, sustainableand expeditionary forces, suitedfor the full spectrum of allied op-erations. It means participating inNATO initiatives that will providethe necessary enabling capabili-ties, which are critical for thesuccess of the allied missions and
meet our force requirements. Itmeans continuing our participa-tion with appropriate forces andcapabilities in allied operations,focusing on the lessons learned,in order to feed them back in theforce transformation process.
With more than 1500 troopsdeployed in several NATO TOs,ranging from Afghanistan, Kosovoand Iraq, Romania has risen to as-sume its role as a security pro -vider side by side with other alliednations.
A chronology of Romania - NATO relationships:• MMarch 2004 – The Prime Minister of Romania submits Romania’s accession instrument to the North Atlantic
Treaty, Washington, USA..• AApril 2, 2004 – Ceremony of hoisting the Romanian National Flag at NATO Headquarters in Brussels..• JJune 2004 – Annual meeting of PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes takes
place in Bucharest.• AAugust 2004 – Romania participates in NATO Training Mission in Iraq.• OOctober 2004 – Poiana Braşov mountain resort (Central Romania) hosts the informal meeting of NATO De-
fence Ministers.• NNovember 2004 – Romania continues its troop contribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina as EUFOR ALTHEA
replaces SFOR. First Romanian Soldiers were deployed under IFOR in 1996 and under SFOR in June 1998.• OOctober 2005 – Romania initiates its participation in Operation Active Endeavour.• AApril 2006 – August 2006 – Romania takes command of the Kabul International Airport with a detachment
of the Romanian Air Force.• MMay 2006 – Romania signs the establishment documents for NATO Assistance Fund/Partnership for Peace -
OSCE/ENVSEC (Environment and Security Initiative).• MMarch 2007 – NAC in Brussels adopted the decision regarding the organization of 2008 NATO Summit in
Bucharest (2-4 April 2008)..• JJanuary 2007 – December 2008 – Romania holds the second mandate as NATO Point of Contact Embassy in
Chişinău. • AAugust 2007 – October 2007 – Romania conducts operation “BALTICA 07” consisting in the execution of Air
Police Service for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.• AApril 2008 – NATO Summit in Bucharest..• JJune 2008 – In accordance with Romania’s commitment at the NATO Summit in Bucharest, the Supreme De-
fence Council decided to increase its troop contribution in Afghanistan with 200 troops. First Romanianforces were deployed in Afghanistan in January 2002.
• FFebruary 2009 – Romania rotates its 18th detachment under KFOR. First Romanian troops were sent in Kosovoin March 2000.
• AApril 2009 – Military ceremonies are held in all Romanian units marking the anniversary of five years ofNATO membership.
Five years of NATO membership
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USAUSASince 1997, Romania’s rela-
tions with the USA developedwithin the framework of theStrategic Partnership. The docu-
ment actually represents thepillar for current and future co-operation between the two na-tions, emphasizing elementsthat need to be enhanced in Ro-manian-US defence relationship:the continuous support in build-ing and enhancing defence ca-pabilities, training of Romanianmilitary personnel, bilateral con-sultations on matters that are ofmutual concern.
The high level contacts andThe Bilateral Working Grouprepresent the best opportunitiesfor setting up the priorities forbilateral defence cooperationand for harmonizing the na-tional position within the multi-national organizations Romaniais part of.
GermanyGermanyThe Romanian-German de-
fence cooperation is based upontwo points of coordination thatare mutually reinforcing – within
the EU and NATO. Current co-operation that deals not just
with political – military dialog,but also with contacts at the ope-rational level ought to be furtherdeveloped, in our opinion, withinthe framework provided by theRomanian-German ConstructiveStrategic Partnership.
Romania sees defence coope -ration with Germany as a prio -rity and regards this partener asone of the most important inthe EU.
The goals of the Romanian-German defence cooperationare: enhancing the political-mi -litary dialog on Euro-Atlantic se-curity issues; setting up directrelations between services,great units, military educationinstitutions; developing an effi-cient in-theatre cooperation,getting German support forachieving Romania’s completeNATO integration and intero -perability.
Strategic partnerships
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FranceFranceRomanian-French defence co-
operation is carried out in thecontext of the Romanian-FrenchConstructive Strategic Partner-ship that has been set up inorder to diversify and deepenthe traditionally privileged re-lations between the two coun-tries.
The main guiding-lines of theRomanian-French defence coop-eration are listed in the “De-fence and Security” chapter ofthe Joint Presidential Statement,issued on February 4, 2008, onthe occasion of the French Pre si-dent Nicolas SARKOZY’s visit toRomania. Aimed at implement-ing the Strategic Partnershipand the “Feuille du Route”, theseguidelines are as follows: • Consolidating interoperabi -
lity between the armed forcesof the two nations in the fieldof education and training;
• Consolidating the joint mili-tary capabilities;
• Developing new ways of co-operation in the field of ar-mament.
ItalyItalyOur Constructive Strategic
Partnership with Italy aims at:developing bilateral military re-lations, enhancing Italy’s politicaland military support for Roma -nian military personnel, fightingagainst terrorism, and strengt -hening the southern flank of theAlliance.
The existing regional initia-tives, in which Romania andItaly take part, are good exam-ples of how instrumental re-gional cooperation can be usedto provide a credible foundationfor building security and stabi -lity. Nevertheless, they could beconsidered as solid proof of thearmed forces’ adaptability tonew security challenges.
Strategic partnerships
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Goals:Goals:The Romanian Land Forces
are the main component of theRomanian Armed Forces. TheLand Forces are assigned tocarry out a whole range of landand airborne military opera-tions, independently or jointlywith other services, either undera national contributor or undera multinational military forcecommand in NATO or EU-ledoperations.
The Romanian Land Forcescontribute significantly to thesecurity of Romania and to theachievement of the capabilitiesnecessary to the Romanian ArmedForces in order to promote andprotect the national interests re-lated to current or future risksand threats. The service plays an
important role in meeting thecommitments assumed by Ro-mania, in terms of defence andsecurity, to NATO, EU or otherinternational bodies.
In order to carry out the mis-sions assigned, the RomanianLand Forces focuses on planninga new and flexible force struc-ture, fully professional, designedto be highly mobile, efficient,flexible, deployable, sustainableand able to operate wherever itmight be needed, at home, orabroad.
Missions:Missions:At peacetime:• Participating in the integra -
ted management of the Ro-manian state borders;
• Extracting and evacuatingRomanian citizens from for-eign countries;
• Securing military facilities,transports and communica-tions;
• Providing ceremonial, protec-tion and protocol services.
Defend Romania and its Allies by:• Deterring and repelling any
armed aggression against Ro-mania or its Allies, as a con-tributor to NATO collectivedefence;
• Assisting the work of theGovernment bodies and pro-tecting the population.
Promote regional and globalstability by:• Using defence diplomacy
means;• Contributing to crisis res -
ponse operations (CRO);• Contributing to human assis-
tance operations abroad;• Contributing to military ope -
rations in coalitions;• Contributing to defence co-
operation initiatives and tothe implementation of themeasures taken in order toenhance trust and stability;
• Providing military assistanceand support to other states.
Support the state and local au-thorities in case of civil emer-gencies by:
Land Forces
Land Forces
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Contributing with forces andlogistic support to disaster reliefoperations;
Providing assistance in casesof chemical, biological, radio-logical or nuclear accidents.
Missions accomplished:Missions accomplished:Contribution to relief operationsin case of natural disasters by:• Assisting the efforts of local
authorities to limit the effectsof floods in 2005, 2006, and2008;
• Assisting the local populationby providing drinking waterand food supplies, rescuingisolated persons, evacuationof population and goods in2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
Major acquisition/Major acquisition/upgrading programmes:upgrading programmes:• The Infantry Fighting Vehicle
MLI-84 “JDERUL”;• The Romanian Tank TR-85
M1 “BIZONUL”;• Towed Air Defence System
“VIFORUL”, cal. 2x35 mm;
• Self-propelled Air DefenceSystem “GEPARD”, cal. 2 x 35mm;
• MLRS system LAR-MK-4,LAROM;
• Armoured Personnel Carrier;• Light armoured and non-ar-
moured field vehicles;• Battalion level Integrated
Communication and Informa-tion System;
• Medical Capabilities ROL 2.
NATO and NATO and EU earmarked forces:EU earmarked forces:
The Land Component Forcescommitted to NATO and EU mis-sions, underwent an extensive
operationalisation process be-tween 2005 and 2007. The mainobjective of this process was tofulfil the commitments assumedwithin NATO. The Land Forcesunits already affirmed by NATOcommands are:
Contribution to missions abroad by:Participating in NATO, EU and Coalition operations:
In Afghanistan:– ISAF – International Security Assistance Force:– OEF – Operation “ENDURING FREEDOM.”
In Iraq:– OIS – Operation “Iraqi Sunset”;– NTM I – NATO Training Mission Iraq.
In the Balkans:– KFOR– NATO-led operation in Kosovo;– ALTHEA – EU-led operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina;– EU HELBROC Battle Group, together with forces from Greece, Bulgaria and Cyprus.
In regional initiatives:– SEEBRIG/MPFSEE – South East European Brigade/Multinational Peace Force South Eastern
Europe;– Joint Romanian-Hungarian Peacekeeping Battalion.
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Land Forces
• Infantry Mechanised Brigade(High Readiness Force);
• Mountain Troop Brigade(Low Readiness Force);
• LAROM Battalion;• Special Operations Command
(including one special opera-tions company);
• CIMIC Company and tenCIMIC professionals;
• Transportation Battalion Com- mand (including one trans-port company);
• NBC Decontamination Com-pany;
• Military Police Company;• Electronic Warfare Company;• Psychological operations ele-
ment, brigade level.
LAND FORCES STAFF
COMMAND GROUP
TRAINING AND DOCTRINE
RESOURCES
LAND OPERATIONALCOMPONENT
INFANTRY DIVISION
OTHER STRUCTURES
Air Force
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Goals:Goals:The Romanian Air Force (AF)
is an important element of na-tional defence, and an effectivetool in providing security. Aspart of the Armed Forces, the AFensures security of Romania andits inhabitants, while projectingabroad Romania’s interests re-lated to peace and security.
The AF goal is to generate,use and sustain Air Power incombat operations, carried outat home and abroad, in coope -ration with the Allies or coalitionpartners. The AF is designed todefend the Romanian sover-eignty during peacetime. Con-currently, the AF controls thestrategically relevant Air Spaceduring a crisis or armed conflictsituations. Another goal of theAF is to diminish the aggressor’smilitary potential and improveeffectiveness of the other forceswithin the national defence sys-tem, during crisis managementand military operations.
Missions:Missions:At peace:
• Ensure Romanian nationalsovereignty and integrity ofnational Air Space;
• Increase potential and pro-vide operational capability ofthe Romanian Armed Forcesin the Air Space;
• Air Police missions (NATI-NADS);
• Integrate into Euro-Atlanticstructures;
• Participate in prevention andlimitation of new risks andthreats, and provide reliefafter disasters, during contin-gency situations.At times of crisis: the AF car-
ries out the same missionsstated above, with increased ca-pabilities.
At war: missions are in accor-dance with Romania’s status asa NATO and EU member. For in-stance, the defence of the na-tional Air Space is carried outwithin NATINADS with limitedtransfer of authority to NATOAir Defence commanders. TheAF acts in the full spectrum ofNATO operations with NATO-declared forces.
The Air Force:• Maintains control of the na-
tional Air Space;• Decreases aggressor’s mili-
tary and economic potential;• Augments operational capa-
bility of the other militarybranches or elements of theNational Defence System.
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Air Force
Forces assigned to NATOForces assigned to NATOand EU:and EU: fighters, transport air-crafts, transport and specialisedhelicopters, force protectionunits.
Mission accomplished:Mission accomplished:• Disaster relief (e. g., in the aftermath of the 2005 and 2006
floods, the AF built an effective air bridge to the eastern part ofthe country);
• Air lift at home and abroad (e. g., the AF ensures rotation of na-tional contingents for Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq);
• Operation EUFOR Althea (Banja Luka) with two helicopter de-tachments in 2005;
• Lead Nation in KAIA in 2006;• The 13th Rotation (Aug – Oct 07) of the Interim Solution for Air
Policing in the Baltic States;• The Air Security Operation during NATO Summit held in
Bucharest in April 2008.
AIR FORCE STAFF
SPECIAL STAFF
TRAINING AND DOCTRINE
RESOURCES
AIR OPERATIONALCOMPONENT
Other Structures
Airlift Base
SAM Brigade
EWB Unit
AF Base
Naval Forces
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Goals:Goals:Promote and defend Roman-
ian interests and sovereignrights at sea and on rivers inde-pendently or in close coopera-tion with other national ormultinational forces within theframework of NATO and re-gional commitments.
Missions:Missions:• Peacetime contribution to na-
tional security: Naval surveil-lance and early warning;participation in the fightagainst terrorism and illegal
actions; evacuation of Ro-manian citizens from danger-ous areas; hydrographicaland navigational research;
• Defence of national territoryand Romania’s allies: partici-pation in NATO CollectiveDefence Operations; protec-tion of the lines of communi-
cation at sea and on rivers;repelling a naval aggression;
• Promote regional and globalstability; participation in Cri-sis Response, Peace Supportand Humanitarian AssistanceOps; participation in regionalinitiatives; implementation ofCSBMs;
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Naval Forces
• Assist state institutions and local authorities incase of civil emergencies: Disaster Relief Sup-port; Search and Rescue.
Modernization and acquisition Modernization and acquisition programs:programs:• Frigates Type – T 22;• Minesweepers;• Multifunctional Corvettes;• Integrated Naval CIS;• Hydrological and Meteorological Information
Systems;• Maritime Surveillance System/ Black Sea Coast
Forces assigned to NATO:Forces assigned to NATO:• HRF: 1 Frigate, 2006• FLR: 1 Frigate, 2006; MCM capability for port
clearance; 1 EOD Divers Team, 2008; SOF Mari -time Task Unit, 2008
Mission accomplished:Mission accomplished:
• Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR• NRF/EOD• BLACKSEAFOR• PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION (KOSOVO
ROFND)
NAVAL FORCES STAFF
FLEET COMMAND
FRIGATE FLOTILLA
DIVERS CENTER
OTHER STRUCTURES
COMPUTER CENTER
MSM SQUADRON
CORVETTES SQUADRON
RIVERINE COMPONENT
SIGNAL BATTALION
HELICOPTERS GROUP
NAVAL MISSILESQUADRON
NAVAL LOGISTICS BASE
MARITIME SURVEILLANCE CENTER
TRAINING, EVALUATIONAND SIMULATION
CENTER
NAVAL INFANTRYBATTALION
SUPPORT BATTALION
MARITIME HYDROGRAPHYCDIRECTORATE
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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
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RRomania has been participating with staff per-sonnel, military police forces and one C-130aircraft, since the beginning of operations in
Afghanistan. After July 2002, an Infantry battalion(about 400 troops) was deployed in the theatre.
Romanian participation involves different mili-tary branches, such as: medical, information / in-telligence, military police, air traffic, and combatforces.
Participation included the two large operationsconducted in the area: ISAF (International Secu-rity Assistance Force) and OEF (Operation “EN-DURING FREEDOM”.)
In July 2002, the 36th Infantry Battalion “REDSCORPIONS” was the first Romanian Infantry Bat-talion deployed in the theatre – Kandahar Airfield,(about 400 troops). It was the first Romanian mi -litary detachment involved in war operations,since World War II.
Romania has also participated in the ANATRAINING process with Mobile Training Teamssince May 2003. In August 2004 we increased ourparticipation with an Embedded Training Team –ETT and Maintenance Team.
The missions assigned to Romanian troops cover:
• Patrolling, recce, and data gathering;• Convoy and personnel escort;• Guarding and defending facilities;• Providing medical assistance;• CIMIC support;• Training Afghan forces;• Securing Highway 1 in Zabul province
(present mission);• Disrupt insurgent operations and LOC’s.
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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
Our teams have contributed to the trainingprocess of the Mechanized, Tanks and LogisticBattalion of the 3rd Quick Reaction Bde & CentralArmy Corp, training of drivers for combat vehi-cles, maintenance of military vehicles and equip-ment and to the translation of different trainingmanuals.
Romanian Army rotated two Infantry Batta -lions per year in the theatre of operations inAfghanistan, as follows:• JJanuary-July 2003 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield.• JJuly-December 2003 – the 151st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJanuary-July 2004 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJuly-December 2004 –the 281st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJanuary-July 2005 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJuly-December 2005 – the 151st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJanuary-July 2006 – the 341st Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield• JJuly-December 2006 – the 2nd Inf Bn, about 500
troops – TF ZABUL
• JJanuary-July 2007 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 500troops – TF ZABUL
• JJuly-December 2007 – the 33rd Mountain Inf Bn,about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
• JJanuary-July 2008 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 500troops – TF ZABUL
• JJuly-December 2008 – the 30th Mountain Inf Bn,about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
• JJanuary-July 2009 – the 21st Mountain TroopsBn, about 741 troops – TF ZABUL.
• SStarting July 2009 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 900troops – TF ZABUL.
Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
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Since October 2006, when NATO – ISAF tookcommand of the military forces from the EasternAfghanistan, more than 3,000 Romanian troopsoperated within ISAF.
Romanian troops, alongside other NATO Allies,are a key component of the international com-munity’s engagement in Afghanistan assisting theAfghan authorities in providing security and sta-
bility paving the way for reconstruction and ef-fective governance.
On SACEUR request, between August and No-vember 2005, Romania activated the Strategic Re-serve consisting of an Infantry battalion for thesecurity of the election process in Afghanistan in2005.
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Romanian Troops in Afghanistan
Between April and August 2006 Romania wasthe Lead Nation in command of Kabul Interna-tional Airport (KAIA).
The total number of Romanian troops engagedin operations in Afghanistan in chronologicalorder is as follows:• 22003 – 876 troops, consisting of Military Police,
Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, oneAircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport,one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detach-ment, and staff personnel;
• 22004 –1073 troops, consisting of Military Po-lice, Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team,one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni air-port, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training De-tachment, and staff personnel;
• 22005 – 1020 troops, consisting of one InfantryBattalion assigned as SACEUR’s SRF – for en-hancing security during the elections in Kabul,one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Obser-vation Team, one Medical Team, one AircraftC-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one In-fantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment,and staff personnel;
• 22006 – 980 troops, consisting of one MilitaryPolice Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operatingfrom Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion,one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA Trai -ning Detachment, and staff personnel; be-tween January-July 2006, as part of SEEBRIGHQ we participated with 1 HQ Coy, 1 SignalCoy and staff officers in KMNB HQ;
• 22007 – 1080 troops: consisting of one MilitaryPolice Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,one Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 opera -ting from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Batta -lion, one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANATraining Detachment, one SOF group and staffpersonnel;
• 22008 – 822 troops (per rotation): one InfantryBattalion, one ANA Training Detachment, 1SOF Group, and staff personnel.At present there are approximately 950 Ro-
manian troops deployed in Afghanistan, about890 in ISAF mission and approximately 60 in Ope -ration “ENDURING FREEDOM.”
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RRomania’s participation in theinternational efforts meantto bring stabilization to Iraq
was both within the MultinationalForce (MNF-I) and NATO TrainingMission (NTM-I.)
Romania deployed its first ope-rational forces in Operation„IRAQI FREEDOM” in July 2003.The main contingent consisted inan Infantry Battalion, staff and lia-ison personnel, Intelligence offi-cers, an Engineer and a MilitaryPolice Detachment. There wereabout 840 military personnel in-volved in the initial stage.
Romanian staff officers alsocarried out training missions inBaghdad under NTM-I, missionsmeant to implement NATO’s de-cision taken at the Istanbul Sum-mit, in support of Iraqi SecurityForce. Another element withinNTM-I program is conducting atraining course for Iraqi officers inBrasov/Romania, at the NATO PfPRegional Training Centre.
Romania is the only country ofthe Coalition who has contributedwith specialized medical teams inthree US military hospitals (AbuGhraib, Camp Cropper and CampBucca) from November 2004.Since then, nine medical deta-chments have been rotated intheatre, each of them consiting in20 medical officers and NCOs.
Following the UN request, aRomanian Infantry company wasdeployed to Basra in order to en-sure the security of the UN per-sonnel in the region, from 2005to 2007.
Starting with December 31,2008, Romanian troops have beentaking part in Operation “IRAQISUNSET”, based on a bilateralagreement between the Roman-ian and Iraqi governments that al-lowed Romanian troops to conducttraining and humanitarian mis-sions in Iraq until July 2009. Thisoperation concluded Romania’ssix-year participation in Iraq.
Romanian Troops in Iraq
The Romanian contribution tobring stabilisation in Iraq in-cluded Engineer Detachments,Military Police, Infantrytroops, Medical teams, intelli-gence personnel.
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RRomania has contributed tothe International Peace ForceCommand structures since
2001 with a traffic control platoon– consisting of 25 soldiers – de-ployed to Djeneral Jankovic re-gion, under Greek contingentcommand.
The main missions of this pla-toon included: the traffic controland security on roads for the KFORconvoys in the Northern part ofDjeneral Jancovic region, opera -ting traffic check-points and mo-bile patrols, feed informationregarding the road and traffic con-ditions to the KFOR Transporta-tion Coordination Joint Centre,provide guard and protection forDjeneral Jancovic camp. The troopswere rotated every six months until July 2003when the mission ended.
The same year, 2003, an Infantry Company –consisting of 89 soldiers and the correspondentmilitary equipment – was deployed in Kosovo toNOTHING HILL Camp, near LEPOSAVIC, and car-ried out missions under the joint command of theBelgian-Luxembourg-Ukrainian-Romanian Deta -chment (KFOR-BELUKRORO).
The troop rotation for this Infantry Companytook place every four months. The mission of thiscompany ended in 2003.
ROFND consisting of approximately 85 troopshas been carrying out missions since 2002, underthe Italian Detachment Command, MultinationalTactical Force West (MNTF – W), such as:
• Checking the enforcement of the Peace Agree-ment stipulations;
• The guard and defence of the military camp,of religious sites and people attending theirservices;
• Free access and movement on the roads intheir area of responsibility (by patrolling andcheck-points);
• Search and collect illegal armament and pro-hibited materials;
• The civilians’ protection on their return homewithin the area of responsibility.
• At present, the Romanian Armed Forces con-tribute to KFOR mission with approximately150 troops consisting of Romanian Force Na-tional Detachment (ROFND), staff personnel,intelligence personnel and liaison staff.
Romanian Troops in Kosovo
The Romanian soldiers carried out a wide range of missions as: the permanent control of their areaof responsibility (by pedestrian and vehicle patrolling, both by day and by night), the enforcementof the Peace Agreement stipulations, the detection and seizure of illegal armament, providing arapid reaction squad for intervention, convoy and VIP escorts inside and outside the area of re-sponsibility, contribution to anti-smuggling campaign “BLACK CARGO”, specific missions to pre-vent the smugglers’ intrusion in Kosovo by joint air-land operations, with the air helicopter supportalong the province border, joint actions with the United Nations Missions Police Force in Kosovo(UNMIK POL).
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OOperation “ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR” is the re-sponse of the North-Atlantic Treaty Orga -nization to the terrorist actions that reached
their peak on 9/11 2001. Ships of the StandingNaval Force Mediterranean (STANAVFORMED)and Standing NAVAL Force Atlantic (STANAFOR-LANT) started this maritime operation on Octo-ber 6, 2001, as a NATO contribution to the waragainst terrorism. Command Allied Naval ForcesSouth (COMNAVSOUTH) was assigned to leadthe operation.
The mission of the naval forces initially en-gaged in this operation was to monitor and deterall terrorist actions. Ships, submarines and air sup-port operations of both naval groups maintained,by rotation, an active presence in the EasternBasin of the Mediterranean Sea.
The area of operations expanded after Fe -bruary 4, 2003, and the area of responsibility ofthe contributing naval forces included the escortof civil ships belonging to NATO countries whencrossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
Romania contributed three times to this opera -tion with type 22 frigates, as follows: Frigate“King Ferdinand” (October 15 - December 15, 2005;October 15 - November 15, 2008), and frigate“Regina Maria” (September 15 - November 30,2006; October 15 - November 15, 2007) in theCentral and East Mediterranean.
Contribution to Operation„Active Endeavour“
The Romanian frigates carried out maritimepatrol missions under the command of the Al-lied Maritime Component Naples (CC – MARNaples).
The missions consisted in:• Deterring and unsettling the activities sup-
porting terrorism at sea or from the sea;• The escort of the civil ships crossing the Strait
of Gibraltar – when necessary;• Support to Mediterranean Dialogue Pro-
gram and other programs for promoting thedevelopment of bilateral and multilateralrelations.
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SSince 2004, Romania has con-tributed with staff andequipment to EUFOR mis-
sion in Bosnia and Herzegovinawith one Engineer Detachment(45 troops) deployed to ButmirCamp, in the framework of theIntegrated Police Unit (IPU),under Italian operational com-mand, and staff officers.
Additionally, Romania partici-pated in mission “ALTHEA” inthe framework of EUFOR, star t-ing with January 5, 2005, withfour helicopters IAR-330 Puma-SOCAT and the correspondingair crews for the missions in the
theatre of operations in Bosniaand Herzegovina and an aircraftAN-26 (24) for airlift, available toEUFOR Command, able to takeoff “on call” from the Airport“Henri Coanda-Otopeni”.
Romania played a constantrole during the EU-led opera-tions, both in military and civi l-ian actions. In this respect,Romania contributed with threetroops on rotation basis, to theEU-led operation CONCORDIA inthe Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia (FYROM).
The missions carried out bythe Romanian troops during this
operation included: search formines and mine lifting; recon-naissance and detailed search ofthe areas wherein the friendlytroops or other forces contribut-ing to EUFOR carried out mis-sions; construction, repair andmaintenance of roads andbridges; interventions to unblockthe routes from Bosnia andHerzegovina in case of heavysnow or natural calamities; con-tribution to combat groups in co-operation with EUFOR troops tofight against public disorder;personnel, materiel and ammu-nition transportation and evacu-ation of the damaged militaryequipment.
Engaging in EU Missions
Romania participates in theEUFOR Mission to the Repub-lic of Chad and the CentralAfrica Republic with two staffofficers. Since September2008, when the EU Mission inGeorgia (EUMM) was laun -ched, Romania contributedwith seven officers and threeAPCs deployed the in mostsensitive areas.
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• MMONUC – United Nations Mission in Demo-cratic Republic of Congo (since October 23,1999). 36 nations under United Nations Man-date contribute to this mission. 22 Romanianmilitary observers participate in this mission.
• UUNOCI – United Nations’ Mission to Ivory Coast(since June 16, 2003). Seven Romanian militaryobservers are assigned to this mission.
• UUNMIL – United Nations’ Mission to Liberia(since December 10, 2003). Two Romanian mi l-itary observers are assigned to this mission.
• UUNOMIG – United Nations’ Mission to Georgia,since 2003. Two Romanian military observersare assigned to this mission.
• UUNMIK – United Nations Temporary Mission forthe Administration of Kosovo province (sinceSeptember 10, 1999). The mission is conductedunder the United Nations’ Mandate. Two Ro-manian liaison officers are assigned to this mis-sion.
• UUNAMA – United Nations’ Mission to Afgha -nistan (since July 25, 2003). One Roma nian mili-tary observer is assigned to this mission.
• UUNMIN – United Nations’ Mission to Nepal since2007. Five Romanian military observers are as-signed to this mission.
• UUNMIS – United Nations’ Mission to Sudan,since 2005. 12 Romanian military observers areassigned to this mission.With its 56 military observes, Romania was
ranked 67 out of 118 contributing nations on May31, 2009.
Romanian Military in UN Missions
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Military education — marks of the reform
TThe deep transformation ofthe European and nationaleducation, together with
the standards imposed by thecomplexity of the process of theRomanian Armed Forces reor-ganization and our intention tobecome equal partners with theother NATO member countries,determine the continuation of
the profound reform of our mil-itary education system.
International cooperation inthe military education and train-ing is one of the most importanttools that help developing whatis nowadays called „intellectualinteroperability” between Ro-manian Armed Forces, Allies andPartner Armed Forces.
In the years that have passedsince Romania has become aNATO and EU member, the Min-istry of National Defence hasbeen focusing its efforts on con-tinuing and developing the bi-lateral relationships with theEuro Atlantic nations especiallywith our strategic partner – the
The main objectives of the reorganization of the Romanian military education sys-tem are:• redefining the missions of the military education institutions regarding the compatibility
with similar institutions in NATO member countries;• implementing the quality management in the military education institutions;• redefining the “model of the graduate”;• focusing the educational process on the development of leadership skills;• developing foreign language training programmes;• developing the international cooperation programmes and participating in European ini-
tiatives such as “Erasmus” Program.
Military education — marks of the reform
28
USA through IMET (International Military Educa-tion and Training) and Regional CounterterrorismFellowship Program in order to reach a higherlevel of compatibility between our forces that acttogether on the international military scene,whether we speak about theatres of operations orNATO and EU structures.
On the other hand, an important number ofsteps were taken towards an increased and morecoherent assistance in the military education andtraining field for the countries that express theirthe willingness to join NATO and EU or supportsthe actions of two organization.
The number of students that graduated fromthe courses run by Romanian military educationand training facilities has been consistently in-creasing during the last four years. They comefrom countries as Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan,Albania, Serbia, Croatia, Jordan and others.
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SSolving the housing problems is essential forthe military employees, as are income leveland healthcare. Three different solutions
have been identified in order to settle this matter:Changing destination of closed military bases,
by building rehabilitation and their transforma-tion into blocks of flats of temporary use;
Concluding public partnerships with local au-thorities in order to build residential parks out offormer military bases; a quota of these housingfacilities would be allotted to the Ministry of Na-tional Defence for the use of its employees;
Building private homes on military bases onone’s own expense.
Such projects had already been developed inBucharest in Baneasa-Straulesti area with a se -cond similar project in Bucharest and in othertwelve garrisons.
Housing for military employees
Credibility through transparency
30
IInformation and public rela-tions activities have becomea strategic dimension of the
military institution. Informa-tion is transmitted almost inreal time and the media influ-ences the national and interna-tional audiences, often havingan impact on the decision-ma -king process. An intensified in-formation and pu blic relationsactivity is aimed at maintainingpublic trust and support forthe Armed Forces’ actions andoperations.
The principles of the information and public relations activity in the Romanian Armed Forces are:
• Implementing the stipulations of the Romanian Constitution that grant free public access toinformation;
• Public information should be offered in a timely, accurate, complete and indiscriminativemanner;
• Providing a continuous flow of information for the service members, reserved, and retired per-sonnel, war veterans and families;
• Exempts from the access to information in accordance to law specifications;• The information and public relation activity strictly follows the principle of political
equidistance;• Public information policy excludes any kind of propaganda.
31
Services and branches celebrationsin the Romanian Armed Forces
AIR FORCE DAYAIR FORCE DAY – July 20, the Orthodoxcelebration of Saint Ilie Tesviteanul
MILITARY SERVICESMILITARY SERVICES
LAND FORCES DAYLAND FORCES DAY –April 23, the Orthodox
celebration of Saint George
NAVAL FORCES DAYNAVAL FORCES DAY –August 15, the Orthodox
celebration of Saint Mary
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MILITARY BRANCHESMILITARY BRANCHESMilitary Intendancy – February 1Military Motorists – March 1 Military Justice – April 25 Infantry – April 30 Military Police – May 15 NBC – May 15 Military engineers – May 31 Paratroopers – June 10 Military Aviation – June 17Military Builders – June 18 Military Bands – July 1 Communications – July 14 Military Press – July 23 Radars – July 25
Military Archives – July 26 Tanks – August 1 Military Medicine – August 21 Military IT – September 1 Air Defence – September 19Military Divers – October 1 Human Resources – October 9 Public Affairs – October 30Mountain Troops – November 3Artillery – November 10 Military Geodesists – November 12 Reconnaissance Troops – November 12 Railway Troops – November 16
Services and branches celebrationsin the Romanian Armed Forces
ROMANIANROMANIANARMED FORCESARMED FORCES
OCTOBER 25OCTOBER 25
ROMANIAFacts & Figures
Official name:Capital city:Geographic position:Climate:Geographical landmarks:Population:Ethnic structure:Religious denominations:
The Romanian State:
RomaniaBucharest
in the South-East of Central EuropeTemperate-Continental, four seasons
the Carpathian mountain range, the Danube River and Delta, and the Black Sea21,528,600 (Jan 2008 estimates)
Romanians - 89.5%; Hungarians (including Szecklers) - 6.5%; other ethnic groups - 4%.Christian Orthodox - 86.7%; Roman-Catholic-4.7%; Protestant - 3.2%; Greek-Catholic -
0.9%, Evangelical - 0.1%; Unitarian - 0.3%; other religions - 0.4% (preliminary data, March 2003)
As stipulated in the Constitution, Romania is a sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible nationalstate; Form of government: Republic. The state is organized according to the principle of separation andbalance of the powers the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary, in the framework of constitutionaldemocracy, guaranteed by political pluralism.The President of Romania represents the Romanian state and guarantees the national independence, unity andterritorial integrity of the country (five year term). The Legislative power: The Parliament of Romania, (471members in the 2008-2012 legislature), divided into two chambers: the Senate of Romania (137 members) andthe Chamber of Deputies (334 members). The Executive power: the Government of Romania, headed by thePrime Minister, assigned by the President of Romania with forming the Cabinet and with a Governance Programendorsed by Parliament through a vote of confidence. Judiciary: independence guaranteed by the SuperiorCouncil of the Magistracy; judges are irremovable.Romania is a member of the UN, of NATO, and of the EU.
NATIONAL MILITARY CIRCLE PALACE
www.mapn.gov.ro