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Reading Comprehension Skills -Common Core State Standards

Participants Training Book

Name_________________________________

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• Understanding text structures prepare students to become writers.

Therefore:

In the development of this training, it became very clear that – Comprehension Skills , are embedded in the genre’s text structure.

Key Points of Training:

In this training, we will learn…

• how to recognize Comprehension Skills, as integrated components of Text Structures.

Key Take-Aways:

• Comprehension skills are not isolated from text structures.

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A skill is the learned capacity to carry out pre-determined results.

Skills are evidenced by an end product.

A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal.

Strategies are evidenced by an on-going process.

Strategy Assembly Line

Product

Skill

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Reading comprehension skills are an extension of the function (purpose and language) of a text’s structure.

Reading comprehension skills create a vehicle that allows students to construct meaning within a specific genre structure. 1

What is a Reading Comprehension Skill?

1“Students who are taught to identify the structure of expository and narrative text have been found to have better comprehension than students who have not received such instruction.” (Taylor, 1992)

2“Students must be able to read and comprehend independently and proficiently the kinds of complex texts commonly found in college and careers.” ~ Common Core State

Text Structure

The Common Core State Standards require students to recognize text structures that are specific to genre on a continuum of increasing complexity.2

Text Structure is a qualitative measure on the CCSSText Complexity Continuum.

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5 Steps to…Selecting a Comprehension Skill

Comprehension skills should. . .

2Support the

Genre

3Parallel the

Text Structure

4Connect

Reading to Writing

5Assessment

Matches Depth of Knowledge

1CCSS

Standard

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Grade 3 Reading… Common Core Standards

Example: Reading LiteratureRL.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message, lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.

Example: Informational ReadingRI.3.3 Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text, using language that pertains to time, sequence, and cause/effect.

1CCSS

Standard

Comprehension Skills align with the CCSS genre.

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2Support the

Genre

Example of Grade 3, CCSS Reading and Writing Genres

Grade 3 CCSS Reading GenreLiterary Genres Informational Genres

Stories Historic Non-Fiction

Story Series Science Non-fiction

Fables Technical Writing

Folktales Graphs

Culturally Diverse Myths Maps

Narratives

Songs

Drama

Poems

Grade 3 CCSS Writing GenreDescriptive Informative/Explanatory

Narrative Short Research Projects

Personal Narrative Persuasive/Opinion

CCSS Text Exemplar Lists

Comprehension Skills are determined by the genre’s structure.

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Literary Story Elements Informational Text StructuresCharacters Cause and Effect

Setting Sequence

Problem/Solution Compare and Contrast

Plot Description

Problem and Solution

Non-fiction text is written with an emphasis on the function or purpose of the text.

Fictional text is written with an emphasis on story elements, however; literary text contain one or more text structures found in informational text.

3Parallel the

Text Structure

Text Structure with Literacy Leader

Common Genre Structures and Patterns of TextComprehension Skills are titled after text structures.

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4Connect

Reading to Writing

Cause and EffectEffectCause

Text structures - have specific graphic organizers that parallel the reading comprehension skills. Graphic organizers prepare students to write.

Writing to Read

Comprehension Skills graphic organizers are titled after text structures.

Evidence of skill understanding should match its highest…

Depth of Knowledge (DOK)5

Assessment Matches Depth of Knowledge

Common Genre Structures and Patterns of Text

Informational Text Structures

Cause and Effect

Sequence

Compare and Contrast

Description

Problem and Solution

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2 Skills and ConceptsApplication

I am asking students to solve problems for new situations by applying learned knowledge, facts or rules in a different way.

Learning about the structure of stories provides readers with a schema they can use when reading or listening to a new story or writing a story on their own.~ Akimi Gibson

Comprehension Skills have a Depth of Knowledge following text structures.

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How do the 5 Steps

work together?

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5 Steps to Bringing It All Together!

1.CCSS

Standard

2Support

the Genre

3Parallel

the Text Structure

4Connect

Reading to Writing

5Assessment

Matches Depth of

Knowledge

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Bringing It All Together

1. Select your CCSS Reading Standard.

2. Select the genre.

RL.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message, lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text.

1. CCSS

Standard

Fable

RL.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures…..

2Support

the Genre

3. Select the genre’s text structure.

Cause and Effect

3Parallel

the Text Structure

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Bringing It All Together [cont…]

4. Select a graphic organizer.

5. Select an assessment to match the DOK.

Cause and EffectEffectCause

4Connect

Reading to Writing

5Assessment

Matches Depth of

KnowledgeWebb’s Depth of Knowledge 2 - Skills and Concepts

Application

I am asking students to solve problems for new situations by applying learned knowledge, facts or rules in a different way.

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2. Genre Fable 3. Structure Cause and Effect

4. Graphic OrganizerCause and Effect Chart

5. DOK Assessment 2 - Application

Selecting a Comprehension Skill - is dependent on the genre’s text structure.

Which box is the “comprehension skill?”

RL.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and myths from diverse cultures; determine the central message, lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed through key details in the text

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Genre ________________ Structure ________________

Graphic Organizer________________

DOK Assessment _____________________

Instructional Comprehension Skill Planning Tool.

Standard: RI.3.3 Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text, using language that pertains to time, sequence, and cause/effect.

Use the following resource pages to complete this graph.

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Resources - to help select comprehension skills.

1.CCSS

Standard

Instruction of comprehension skills begins with knowing the Common Core State Standards.

CCSS require students to read complex texts, about them, write about them, discuss them, analyze them, and make connections between them. Comprehension skills are the link to constructing meaning of text.

Common Core State Standards

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2Support

the Genre

Text Structures Possible Reading GenresCause and EffectCause/effect-The author delineates one or more causes and then describes the ensuing effects.

Sophisticated NarrativesRealistic FictionInformational TextEvent Building Stories

Fictional Narratives

SequenceThe author uses numerical or chronological order to list items or events.

MemoirsAutobiographicalFairy TalesFolk TalesStory SeriesHistorical Events

FantasyFablesMythsScience FictionRealistic FictionOral Histories

Compare and ContrasThe author compares and contrasts two or more similar events, topics, or objects.

Historic Non-Fiction & FictionScience Non-FictionSocial Studies Non-Fiction

DescriptionThe author describes a topic.

Informational Texts and BooksRiddle BooksPoemsProse

Problem and SolutionThe author poses a problem or question and then gives the answer.

Realistic FictionInformational WritingArgumentsScientific Reports and Research

Some Folk Tales

Matching Reading Genre to Text Structure

Know text structures. Text structures parallel comprehension skills and language functions.

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Text Structures as….. Comprehension SkillsCause and Effect

Cause and Effect Sub-Categories Cause and Effect

Predicting OutcomesPredictionInference Inferences

Drawing ConclusionsDrawing Conclusions

Sequence Sequence Sub-Categories Sequencing

Main Idea and Details Main IdeaNote TakingFollowing Directions

Story StructureText OrganizationSummarizing Summarizing

Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast Sub-Categories Compare and Contrast

Fantasy and RealismFact and Opinion Facts and Opinions Supporting FactsAnalyzing *

Description Description Sub-Categories

GeneralizationsCategorizeClassify

Reports Arranged by Categories

Problem and Solution

Problem and Solution Sub-Categories

EvaluatingPropagandaMaking JudgmentsAuthor’s Purpose Point of View

InterpretationHypothesis *

3Parallel the

Text Structure

Text Structures as Comprehension Skills

Know the Sub-Groups of the common text structures. These are your comprehension skill parallels!

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Text Structures Graphic OrganizersCause and Effect•Prediction•Inferences•Conclusions

WheelChain ProcessCause = EffectFishboneGoal-Reasons Web

Process-Cause-Effect

Sequence•Main idea and details•Note taking•Following directions•Story structure•Text organization•Summarizing

TimelineFlow ChartEvent DiagramsY-ChartLadder GraphGarden GateStory Maps

Star ChartCycle DiagramE-ChartTree ChartSandwich ChartTic-Tac-ToeSequence Chart

Compare and Contrast•Fact and opinion•fantasy and realism•Analyzing*

Venn DiagramT-ChartCompare/Contrast MatrixFact and Opinion ChartComparison Chart

Perspectives ChartDouble Bubble

Description•Generalizations•Categorize/classify•Arranging

ISP Chart (information - sources - page)Observation ChartSense ChartKWS Chart

Classification Chart

Problem and Solution•Propaganda•Evaluating•Judgments•Author’s purpose•Interpretation•Hypothesis

Spiral EffectsDecision Making DiagramProblem-Solution ChartPersuasion MapRanking ChartsIf-Then ChartsSynectics Organizers

Scientific Method ChartsDecision Making GraphicHistorical InvestigationInvention GraphicProblem Solving

4Connect

Reading to Writing

Know which Graphic Organizers - signify specific text structures. These are your instructional formats to teach comprehension skills.

Graphic Organizers Guide Comprehension Skill Instruction

•Graphic Organizers and Uses•Eduplace Graphic Organizers

•Write Design Graphic Organizers•Marzano Graphic Organizers

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1 Recall and ReproductionKnowledge

I am asking students to remember previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, concepts or answers.

Comprehension

I am asking students to show me understanding by organizing, comparing, giving descriptions and stating a main idea.

2 Skills and ConceptsApplication

I am asking students to solve problems for new situations by applying learned knowledge, facts or rules in a different way.3 Short term Strategic Thinking‐Analysis

I am asking students to examine and break apart information into parts by looking at motives, causes and relationships.

Evaluation

I am asking students to present and defend an opinion or make a judgment based on a set of criteria

4 Extended ThinkingSynthesis

I am asking students to put information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing a different solution.

5Skill Matches

Depth of Knowledge Depth of Knowledge & Bloom’s

Assess comprehension skills at the standard’s Depth of Knowledge.

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Literary DOKs K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-10 11-12

Standard 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3

Standard 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4

Standard 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 5 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 3

Standard 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 7 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 4

Standard 8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Standard 9 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Standard 10 Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

Informational DOKs K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-10 11-12

Standard 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Standard 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 4

Standard 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 5 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

Standard 6 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3

Standard 7 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 4

Standard 8 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4

Standard 9 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Standard 10 Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

Webb's Depth of Knowledge Guide

Depth of Knowledge Chart K - 12

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Webb’s and Bloom’s Reference Chart

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Summary

Did we achieve…

Is it clear why…

• how to recognize Comprehension Skills, as integrated components of Text Structures?

• understanding text structures prepare students to become writers?

• comprehension skills are not isolated from text structures?

CELEBRATE!

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Next Steps…• Comprehension Skill Instruction• Reading Strategies Guide the Way

Goodbye