Reading, Tutoring and the Developmental Level Student

ATP Winter On-line WorkshopJim ValkenburgDelta College

Agenda Who is the Developmental

Reader Assessment/Placement Theories of Reading

Development Finding the right context Learning Communities Tutoring/Reading

Strategies Recreational v.

Academic Reading Reading Aloud Vocabulary The SQ3R Model Adult Education

Who is the Developmental Reader?

Someone who is not prepared to read at the college level.

Someone who lacks a variety of abilities that are needed to gain the deeper inferential and critical thinking skills required for college level success.

Someone who, with appropriate academic programs and support, will be able to achieve college level success.

Who is the Developmental Reader? Reading and Math Some of the difficulty

in learning reading can be seen by comparing developmental reading with developmental math.

Assessment/Placement

ASSET/COMPASS Other placement

instruments

Models of Developmental Readers (1) The Deficit Model

Diagnosis (Placement Testing)

Remediation (Developmental Education)

The Contextual Model Learning styles Home or Social

affects

Stages of Reading Chall

Growth of Word Recognition Spear-Swerling and

Sternberg Phonics Sight recognition

Development of Spelling

Assessment for Reading Instruction,Michael C. McKenna and Steven A. StahlThe Guilford Press, New York. 2003

Models of Developmental Readers (2) Cognitive Model Automatic Word

Recognition Context Fluency Sight Words Decoding Phonological

Awareness

Language Comprehension Vocabulary Background

Knowledge Text Structure Strategic Knowledge

Assessment for Reading Instruction,Michael C. McKenna and Steven A. StahlThe Guilford Press, New York. 2003

Developing Referents

Developing referents is a task accomplished by connecting new or difficult material with something one already knows.

It entails spending time learning a variety of information—both general and specific.

It takes time and effort.

Finding the Right Context

Relevance

Connecting skills with content

Learning Communities

Two or three courses that interlock and share assignments

Offers a complete package that brings relevance to the student

Tutoring Reading Strategies (1) Recreational v.

Academic Reading How much do they

see? Range of vision Increasing speed

The speed reading concept

Spelling/ phonics/vocabulary

Tutoring Reading Strategies (2) Reading a textbook Reading aloud Eleven “Fix Up”

Strategies A tutoring session

Recreational v. Academic Reading A tremendous

difference in: Focus Distractions Time Active Engagement

How much do they see?

Range of Vision Word by word Phrase by phrase Line by line Speed reading

Phonics/Spelling/Vocabulary

Phonics, as we saw earlier, is a key to good reading.

Spelling is also an essential key to good reading.

Vocabulary has to be strengthened and expanded.

Reading a Textbook

Please refer to the PowerPoint presentation entitled “Using Textbooks and Taking Notes.” This presentation was developed by the T/LC of Delta College as a workshop for students and classes.

Reading Aloud

Get a picture of how well a student comprehends what s/he reads

Take the time to correct pronunciation and teach reading strategies

Eleven “Fix Up” Reading Strategies (1)

Make a Connection

Make a prediction

Stop and think

Ask questions

Reflect in writing

I Read It, But I Don’t Get It.Cris Tovani. Stenhouse Publishers, 2000.

Eleven “Fix Up” Reading Strategies (2) Visualize

Use Print Conventions

Retell/Paraphrase

Reread

Notice Patterns

Adjust reading rateI Read It, But I Don’t Get It.Cris Tovani. Stenhouse Publishers, 2000.

A Tutoring Session (1)

Greet the student as usual

Discuss student expectations

Discuss your expectations

Establish a goal for the session

A Tutoring Session (2)

Begin reading Stop to discuss major

themes and vocabulary

Ask questions that will elicit response and begin the process of inferential thinking

Make connections--think

A Tutoring Session (3)

Focus on key words and graphics

Paraphrase Respond to the text Confirm the

student’s response Establish a goal for

the next session

A Tutoring Session (Basics)

Listen Discuss Encourage Ask Correct Enhance Validate

Thank you

Please go to the discussion board and respond to the prompt for this module.

Thank you for your active participation.