real driving emissions · 2016. 5. 5. · public marco schöggl | in-vehicle measurement | 28 april...
TRANSCRIPT
Marco Schöggl
AVL List GmbH (Headquarters)
Public
REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS
Data Collection and Post Processing with
AVL M.O.V.E In-Vehicle Test System
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 2Public
Solutions(A comprehensive approach to RDE)
LABSIMULATION ROAD
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 3Public |
COMPLETE RDE TEST EQUIPMENT
AVL M.O.V.E iS System
GAS PEMS iS
PN PEMS iS
EFM iS
System Control
Concerto M.O.V.E Postprocessing
… done more than 10.000 RDE tests @ 100+ customers!
AVL M.O.V.E iSThe Industry Standard to Measure Real Driving Emissions (RDE)
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 5Public
RDE: REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS
Real Driving Emissions
• Emission testing under normal conditions of use in real world driving.• Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS)
• CO2, CO, NOx and PN• Exhaust flow rate, Speed and GPS data
RDE Test
• 90 to 120 min test time• 34% City (<60km/h) | 33% rural (60 ... 90km/h) | 33% Highway (>90km/h)• 145km/h max speed (extended range up to 160km/h for max. 3min)• Dynamic evaluation based on positive accelerations• Realistic vehicle load and AC operated as under normal driving• Cold start is measured, but not (yet) included in result calculation
Ambient conditions
• Temperature between 0°C to 30°C (extended range -7°C to 35°C)• Altitude up to 700m (extended range up to 1300m)• Humidity as it is, but no NOx humidity correction like in lab-tests
Limits and Result calculation
• Limits are based on the laboratory limits multiplied by the so called „Conformity Factor CF“.
• Evaluation with 2 Complex result calculation options: EMROAD (JRC) and CLEAR (TU-Graz) – future only one
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 6Public
34% V < 60 km/h
33% 60 ≤ V < 90 km/h
33% V > 90 km/h
RDE
MAIN CHALLENGE: TRIP REQUIREMENTS!
Driver dynamic
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 7Public
CENTRAL INTEGRATION PLATFORMAVL M.O.V.E SYSTEM CONTROL
Central Data acquisition & Display
Device integration and monitoring for:
GPS & Ambient
Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Indicating
OBD
Userguides Legislative Testing Procedure
Data Exchange with ECU Application System (CAN)
Online trip evaluation (City, Urban, Motorway)
Standard Interfaces LAN; USB; CAN
Extendable HW I/O with temperatures, counter, analouge inputs
CONTROL UNITSDEVICESGPS
AMBIENT
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 8Public
RDE DASHBOARD
AVL M.O.V.E SYSTEM CONTROL ONLINE TRIP EVALUATION
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 9Public
RDE DRIVERS AIDLIVE MONITOR
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 10Public
Reporting
RDE Report
Concerto M.O.V.E
Post Processing
Concerto M.O.V.E
SUCCESSFULLY RDE EVALUATIONREQUIRES ACCURATE TIME ALIGNMENT
CO, CO2, NO, NO2, O2
Particle Number, Dilution Rate, VPR CorFac
GAS PEMS iS
PN PEMS
Real Life Testing
GPS
T, p, %
ECU
OBD II
SYSTEM CONTROLAVL M.O.V.E EFM
Exhaust Mass Flow
Automatic Time Alignment FunctionBy Post Processing
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 11Public
CHALLENGE OF CORRELATIONRDE STARTS IN CD
PEMS
AVL PARTICLE COUNTER
D.A.M.S.
AVL i60 BAG CABINETAVL CVS i60 AVL i60 BAG CABINET AVL AMA i60AVL PSS i60
PND 1
Chassis DynoAMA + PSS + APC + CVS Automation RDE recommends correlation to reference laboratory systems
PEMS validation procedure:
• Validation test to be done before the on-road test.
• PEMS installation shall not be changed between validation- and
road tests.
• Validation test on a chassis dyno by running a WLTC drive cycle.
• It is recommended to feed the extracted exhaust back to the CVS.
If not, the CVS results shall be corrected for the extracted exhaust
mass.
• NOx humidity correction also applied to the PEMS NOx result for
validation.
• Take care on the type of chassis dyno vehicle restrain systems
Correlation requirements:
Correlation validation of the total distance-specific mass of pollutants
[g/km]
• CO2 +/- 10 mg/km or +/- 10% of lab. result, whichever is larger
• NOx +/- 15 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger
• CO +/- 150 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger
• THC +/- 15 mg/km or +/- 15% of lab. result, whichever is larger
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 12Public |
AVL M.O.V.E IS SYSTEM VERIFICATION
AVL M.O.V.E iS
System
CVS
System
WLTC result for 4 cylinder Diesel engine vehicle
(*) real vehicle/brand is not shown
(*)
(*)
Heat
Exchanger
heated wall duct
Cooling Fan
Weather
station
Chassis dyno
Raw Gas
Sample Probe
Pre-FilterPre-Filter
with PR
AVL PARTICLE COUNTER
Tunnel FID lh
metallized
flex tube
Air
He
ate
r
Sile
nce
r
PND 1
VT
i fu
ll
flow
filt
er
flex tube
insulate
riser tube
insulate
1x
Pa
rtic
ula
te
Ba
ckg
rou
nd
Dirty
Bags
Clean
Bags
Ambient
Bags
GPU
IPC MSR
PDU
CO2 Tracer
CLD lc
CO2 low +
CO low
FID GC
(Tunnel) FID lh
AMA i60 D1
C/D LE (35°C)AMA i60 R2
i60 Bag Cabinet
C/D LE (35°C)
PSS i60
+ APC 489
4x Particulate
sampling
with EU/US
switch and
heated housing
heate
d A
PC
measu
rem
ent
max.
3,5
m
heate
d li
ne for
TH
C
measu
rem
ent m
ax.
5 m
4 lines bundle
Bag Clean Bag AmbientModal Clean
Bag Dirty Modal Dirty
3-core sample
line (35°C)
CVS i60 LE
(35°C)
ALTERNATIVE
iCAL GNU63 steps extern.
iCAL CFO
C-Rack
Test Cell Automation System
iGEM Vehicle (incl. PO)
GPU
IPC MSR
PDU
FID hhd
CO2 high + COhigh + O2
CLD hh
FID hh
CLD hhd
CO2 high + COhigh + O2
CO low
(Diesel)
CO2 EGR
(Option)
Cooler
N2O (prepared)
RM
U w
ith
3-s
tag
e a
ir filt
er
an
d h
ea
ter
3-stage air filter
and heater
Dil. Air
Measurement
System
Dilution tunnel VTi273
Drivers Aid
Blower
20/30m³
Air Heater
1x
Pa
rtic
ula
te
Ba
ckg
rou
nd
Sensy Flow
pip
ing
up
to 5
m
AVL AMA i60 AVL CVS i60AVL i60 BAG CABINET AVL i60 BAG CABINETAVL AMA i60 AVL PSS i60
Table not scope of supply
Chassis Dyno
Controler
vs
Pollutant AVL
M.O.V.E
iS
CVSDiff Diff. to
system
[%]
Diff. to
EU6 limit
[%]
RDE
correlation
limit[g/km] absolute
CO2 202,23 204,7 -2,47 -1,2 -1,2+/- 10g/km or
10%**
CO 0,08 0,073 0,007 10,2 1,4+/- 150mg/km
or 15%**
NOx 0,066 0,062 0,004 6,6 5+/- 15mg/km or
15%**
** of the laboratory reference, whichever is larger
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 14Public |
AVL M.O.V.E GAS PEMS ISALTITUDE TESTING UP TO 3.000M
NOx result as function of altitude
~0 m
~1500 m
Independence of the measured values from
ambient conditions, shocks and vibrations, EMV, …
is a pre-requisite for a successful RDE test!
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 15Public
Ref: 05_RDE_ANNEX IIIA - part 1 TCMV 19 May 2015.pdf
TARGETING CF 1MINIMIZING DRIFT DURING AN RDE TEST
NOx: -1,76ppm drift over testLimit: <= 5ppm per test
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 16Public |
HOW TO GET A VALID TEST?TRIP REQUIREMENTS…
AVL M.O.V.E EXHAUST FLOW METERRDE TESTING
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 17Public
AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E LEGISLATIVE POST PROCESSING
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 18Public
AVL CONCERTO
M.O.V.E
Includes RDE(Emroad & Clear)
AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E LEGISLATIVE POST PROCESSING
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 19Public |
• US EPA HDIUT NTE
• EU ISC HD 582/2011 and 64/2012
• EU RDE LD (JRC and CLEAR)
• EU ISC NRMM DEV
• China NOx Regulation
• Whole test
PEMS Calculations
Legislative Reporting
• US HDIUT EPA (1Hz data file, xml file)
• (EU) No 582/2011 Annex II and (EC) No 64/2012
AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E LEGISLATIVE POST PROCESSING
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 20Public |
EASY DATA EVALUATION DUE TO VIDEO & MAP INTEGRATION
Video Integration
Google MapsIntegration
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 21Public
AVL CONCERTO MOVE POST-PROCESSING
Highway
Rural
City
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 22Public
RDE TEST PROCEDURE
Temperature
Moderate 0°C to 30°C / Extended (-7°C to 35°C)
Altitude
Moderate < 700 m / Extended < 1300m
Trip / Driver / DynamicsCity (34%) / Rural (33%) / Motorway (33%), up to 160 km/h, 90-120 min, min.
share of accelerations
Load
no „empty“ vehicle, <90% payload, heating or air condition on
GRAZGleisdorf
ROAD
Extended Emissions divided by Factor 1.6
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 23Public
TRIP REQUIREMENTS AND TEST COMPLETENESS AND NORMALITY
Trip Requirements Urban Rural Motorw ay Total Total Trip Requir ements pass/f ail
Velocity Thresholds km/ h [1-60[ [60-90[ [90- ... Tr ip Shares
ave V eloc ity GPS km/ h 35.7 71.8 104.3 60.2 Urban 34% +10% and >=29% pass
share <= 1km/h; minutes >= 100 km/h 8.8 % 13.7 min Rural 33% +-10% pass
Tr ip Share GPS Dis tance % 31.3 29.1 39.6 Motorw ay 33% +-10% pass
Dis tance GPS km 33.27 30.98 42.08 106.33 Minimum Dis tance
Duration mi n 56 26 24 106 Urban 16 km pass
Fuel Consumption l 2.190 1.927 2.366 6.483 Rural 16 km pass
Fuel Consumption Carbon Balance l **** **** **** **** Motorw ay 16 km pass
Fuel Economy l/km100 6.58 6.22 5.62 6.10 Total Tr ip Duration 90 -120 min pass
Fuel Economy Carbon Balance l/km100 **** **** **** ****
Urban Require ments
Verify Trip Completeness and Normality Average Velocity 15-30 km/h fail
Velocity Thresholds km/ h [0-45[ [45-80[ [80-145] < 1 km/h f or at leas t 10% urban time fail
# CO2 Window s - 1770 2545 1262 5577
% CO2 Window s % 31.7 45.6 22.6 Motorway Requirements
# CO2 Normal Window s - 1770 1264 1262 4296 5 Minutes >= 100 km/h pass
% CO2 Normal Window s % 100.0 49.7 100.0 77.0 Max imum V eloc ity >= 110 km/h pass
# CO2 Severe Window s - 0 480 0 480
% CO2 Severe Window s % 0.0 18.9 0.0 Test Completeness
Sever ity Index % -4.7 24.9 -2.0 6.1 Urban 15% Window s pass
Max . Veloc ity km/ h 135.0 Rural 15% Window s pass
Motorw ay 15% Window s pass
Test Norm ality
Urban 50% in Primary Tolerance pass
Rural 50% in Primary Tolerance fail
Motorw ay 50% in Pr imary Tolerance pass
Case: Demo_test ''
Start Date: 01/27/2015
Start Time: 12:44:50.0Page: RDE overview (1)
Version: Rel4_B130_BET A
Concerto M.O.V.E, 201 4
PEMS Current Case :
D:\AVL Concerto\V4.6 \tmp\Demo_test.pms_ c
PEMS Result Filename :
D:\AVL Concerto\MyData\TransportFiles\Demo_test.ct f
Vehicle: XXX / YYY
Engine: Demo Engine / Type
NOx Ambient Condition Co rr.: 8 - NONE
Dry / We t Corr.: 1 - ISO16183 [Default ]
Example overview – does not reflect latest legislation!
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 24Public
Trip Dynamics passed if pass /fail
a_max (max acceleration) m/s ² 2.01796 < 4.0 pass
a_min (max deceleration) m/s ² -3.18430 > -4.0 pass
a_res (min resolution positive acceleration) m/s ² 0.00000 < 0.01 pass
Urban Rural Motorw ay
Velocity Thresholds km/ h [0-60[ [60-90[ [90- ...
# acceleration points (a > 0.1 m/s ² ) - 1161 625 297 >= 150 pass
v (average velocity ) km/ h 35.7 71.8 104.3
a_pos95 (95th percentile va_pos (a > 0.1 m/s ²) ) m² /s ³ 12.14 14.31 12.50
RPA (avg positive acceleration, a > 0.1 m/s ² ) m/s ² 0.4537 0.3139 0.2255
va_pos threshold1 16.87 23.95 30.32
va_pos threshold2 24.29 26.70
RPA threshold 0.1184 0.0607 0.0087
Trip Valid ity va pos [95] (invalid if )
v <= 74.6 km/h and va pos [95] > va_pos threshold1 pass pass
v > 74.6 km/h and va pos [95] > va_pos threshold2 pass pass
Trip V alidity RPA (invalid if )
v <= 94.05 and RPA < RPA threshold pass pass pass
v > 94.05 and RPA < 0.025 pass
On-road Emis sion Measur ements NO NO2 CO CO2 passed if
% Meas V alues <= 90% Span Gas 0.9994 0.9995 0.9998 0.9892 >= 0.99
% Meas V alues >= 2 * Span Gas 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 <= 0.01
minutes pre tes t bef ore main tes t 8.0 <= 60
minutes post tes t after main tes t 20.1 <= 60
Case: Demo_test ''
Start Date: 01/27/2015
Start Time: 12:44:50.0Page: RDE overview (2)
Version: Rel4_B130_BET A
Concerto M.O.V.E, 201 4
PEMS Current Case :
D:\AVL Concerto\V4.6 \tmp\Demo_test.pms_ c
PEMS Result Filename :
D:\AVL Concerto\MyData\TransportFiles\Demo_test.ct f
Vehicle: XXX / YYY
Engine: Demo Engine / Type
NOx Ambient Condition Co rr.: 8 - NONE
Dry / We t Corr.: 1 - ISO16183 [Default ]
TRIP REQUIREMENTS AND TEST COMPLETENESS AND NORMALITY
Example overview – does not reflect latest legislation!
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 25Public
AVL CONCERTO M.O.V.E POST PROCESSING
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 26Public
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20NOx Emissions [g/km]
CF=2.1
EU6 Limit
AVL RDE BENCHMARK: MODERATE WARMSORTED TO NOX EMISSIONS
Presentation only – no handover
CF=5
CF=10
Marco Schöggl | In-Vehicle Measurement | 28 April 2016 | 27Public
CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY
Chassis DynoHardware in the Loop
Being „RDE Ready“ is truly a Challenge
Change of environment is the key challenging factor
RDE is influencing all development areas
Unified RDE post processing is key for fast RDE calibration
Early start of RDE evaluation is vital to define right after treatment strategies for the future