real estate brokerage dec6
DESCRIPTION
PAREBTRANSCRIPT
REAL ESTATE
BROKERAGE
by Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Real Estate as a Business
… connotes trading in real estate where the principal invests his own money and / or avails of financing in the acquisition and/or improvement of real estate for subsequent sale, lease or other income.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Real Estate as a Practice… refers to the rendition of professional service for or in behalf of
• seller/buyer
• lessor/lessee
• financier/borrower
• user or investor
• or other clients
in the acquisition, utilization, disposition, and/or development of real estate.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Real Estate Professionals & Businesses
Real Estate Professionals
• Real Estate Consultants (REC)
• Real Estate Appraiser (REA)
• Real Estate Broker (REB)
• Real Estate Salespersons (RES)
RE Businessmen/Entrepreneurs
• Real Estate Developer
• Real Estate Dealer
• Real Estate Lessor
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Real Estate Brokerage
Contract of Agency
• Real estate brokerage is a
contract of agency. Agency,
in general, is a contract
wherein a person binds
himself to render service to
do something
in representation of or on
behalf of another, with the
consent or authority of the
latter.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Real Estate Brokerage
Essential Elements of Agency
• Mutual consent of parties to
establish a relationship
• Object is the execution of a
juridical act
• Agent acts for the principal
and not for himself.
• Agent acts within the scope of
his authority.
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Real Estate BrokerageModes of Extinguishing Agency
• Expiration of the period
• Death of principal or agent
• Withdrawal of agent
• Accomplishment of purpose
• Revocation
• Dissolution of a firm which
granted or accepted
agency
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Roles of Real Estate Brokers
oBuying
oSelling
oLeasing
oFinancing
oDeveloping
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Kinds of Real Estate Brokerage• Sales - residential, commercial,
industrial, agricultural,
investments (condominium,
proprietary shares, others)
• Lease - residential,
commercial, industrial,
agricultural, investments
(condominiums, proprietary
shares, others)
• Mortgage or loan brokerage
• Real Estate Exchange (Trading)
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Concepts of Real Estate Brokerage
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12 AS TO FUNCTION OF BROKERS
• Sales Agency
• Purchase Agency
• Lease Agency
• Exchange Agency
• Loan Agency
• Joint Venture Development
Scope of Real Estate BrokeragePurchase Agency - authority to look for a property.
Lease Agency - authority given by the owner of a rental property for
the broker to secure tenants, or authority given by a prospective
tenant of the broker to look for a space to be rented.
Exchange Agency - negotiation for exchange of properties
Loan Agency - authority given by a borrower for the broker to secure
a loan to be collateralized by real estate, or authority given by a
financial institution for the broker to procure borrowers.
Joint Venture Development Agency - authority given by a landowner
or developer for the broker to negotiate a joint venture agreement or
development.
Sales Agency - authority given by the seller for the broker to look for a
buyer and negotiate the sale. 12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Essential Elements of Real Estate Brokerage
• Employment of the Broker as
an agent.
• Functions to be performed
by the Broker must be
specific.
• Performance of service
• The services rendered by the
Broker are for a fee,
commission, compensation
or any other valuable
consideration12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Concepts of Real Estate Brokerage
12/6/2015
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AS TO BASIS OF COMMISSION
• Percentage listing - one
wherein the commission of
the broker is based on
stipulated percentage of the
price or consideration.
• Net listing - one wherein the
compensation of the broker
is the amount
obtained over and
above the price quoted by
the seller.
General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
A. SECURE LISTING - look for
real estate for sale, lease,
mortgage and exchange
to be listed by the broker.
B. SECURE PROSPECTS - look for
persons who are interested
to buy, lease, mortgage
and exchange to be listed
by the broker.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
PROCURING PROSPECTS
• A prospect is a person who is in
need and can afford to buy.
• A person who has the willingness
but without capacity or one who
has capacity but without
willingness is only a suspect.
• One with willingness without
capacity but has willingness to
have the capacity is a future
prospect.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Real Estate BrokerageSources of Prospects
• Adjacent and neighbour owners
• Tenants of the property
• Previous clients
• Referrals
• Fellow brokers
• Advertisements
• Club membership
• Newspaper announcements
• Apartment dwellers
• Companies with provident housing
benefits for employees
• Social media12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
QUALIFYING PROSPECTS
• Need of the prospect
• Cash position or capacity to
secure financing
• Verification whether or not
prospect is authentic and not only
a window shopper
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
REASONS WHY PEOPLE BUY
REAL ESTATE
a. For occupancy and use for rental
purpose
b. For investment
c. For speculation
Note: People in the first group will
usually pay more that those in the
second group, and the lowest price
of all is paid by the speculator who is
interested in quick turnover or profit.12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
C. PRESENTATION AND
DEMONSTRATION
• Showing of pictures,
brochures, price, site,
• To arouse interest
• To create desire
• which could lead him to
act and buy the
property.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokeragePRESENTATION
it is the orderly written / oral explanation of facts and figures that make a
given property attractive to a prospective purchaser.
Scope of coverage:
a. Property identification - location (street, house, number, city); lot area
and dimensions; type of property; description of improvements; zoning
classification; price and terms;
b. Advantages and benefits - quality of neighborhood, availability of
public transportation, proximity to public market/ malls/ schools/ hospitals;
reasonableness of price.
c. For income properties - present and potential
income, durability of income stream, return on investment.
d. Lot and vicinity plan and pictures of property 12/6/2015
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageDEMONSTRATION
-it is the process of showing the property and pointing out its physical
utilities and other advantages and benefits to arouse the desire to
possess or own it.
Preparing for demonstration:
• Preparation of checklist of the physical attributes and other data
which may be the object of prospects inquiry.
• Organization of selling points to be emphasized.
• Anticipation of possible objections.
• Selection of ideal route to create favourable
impression of the neighborhood.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
D. NEGOTIATION
involves transmittal of
purchase offers,
counteroffers and
conciliation of parties as to
the price and terms.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageNEGOTIATION
-it is the process of reconciling the
opposing views of the parties to a transaction as to price
and terms.
Items which should be covered in negotiation.
• Price and terms
• Expenses for execution and registration of sale
• Date of delivery of property
• Pro-rating of income or rental from the property.
• Pro-rating of insurance premiums and utilities
• Items included or excluded in sale such as telephone, cable,
furnitures, etc.12/6/2015
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageNEGOTIATION
Common Difficulties
• Hesitancy of prospect to express
his objection,thereby depriving the broker the
opportunity to answer or overcome it.
• Presence of supposed advisers of the prospect who give
negative remarks which tend to undermine the transaction.
• Prejudice on either both parties because of differences in religion,
political beliefs, superstition, etc.
• d. Failure or inability to analyze prospects affordability.
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
E. CLOSING &
CONSUMATION
the process effecting the
meeting of minds of the
parties in the transaction.
The execution and signing
of the documents,
payment of the
consideration, delivery and
the registration of the
property in the name of the
buyer.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
CLOSING -it is the process when , thru the mediation of the broker,
the minds of the parties meet where the buyer’s offer of price, terms,
and other conditions become acceptable to the seller, or vice versa.
General Steps
• Persuading the prospect to submit
a written offer to purchase,
preferably with earnest money.
• Securing the acceptance of the
offer to purchase, or assisting the
seller is preparing a counter offer.
• Preparation of drafts of agreements for consideration of the parties.
• Arrangement of appointment between parties for contract signing
and payment. 12/6/2015
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
CLOSING
Earnest Money - the amount
accompanying an offer to
purchase to manifest good faith
or genuine desire of the buyer to
purchase the property. If the
offer is accepted by the seller,
the earnest money forms part of
the purchase price; otherwise it
must be returned immediately
to the buyer.
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageCLOSING
Escrow - an agreement wherein the consideration of a
contract or a portion thereof is deposited with a third party
known as escrow agent who is authorized to release payment
upon fulfillment or performance of some act or condition.
Applicability of escrow may occur in the following cases:
• When the property is occupied by squatters and the seller assumes
the responsibility to eject them.
• When the title to the property has certain annotations which the seller
assumes cancellation of.
• When the seller is given time to vacate the premises and escrow is
provided to ensure delivery within the stipulated period.12/6/2015
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageCLOSING
Option - a contract between the seller and the buyer
where the former, for a consideration known as option
money, binds himself to reserve the property for the
latter purchase within a stipulated period of time and at
a specified price and terms.
Option money is the consideration of an
option contract without which the option is
not binding. Generally option money is
separate and distinct from the purchase
price.
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageCLOSING
Reason for Option:
1. Buyer does not have sufficient cash or still has to raise
financing.
2. Buyer’s money is tied up with the money market or
time deposit and the buyer oes not want to withdraw
the placement before maturity because
of the interest income, etc.
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageCLOSING
Listing & Option
Listing is generally a contact between the seller and the broker, while option
is contract between the seller and the buyer. Listing generally refers to the
authority to sell, while option refers to reservation to buy.
Earnest Money & Option Money:
Earnest money is the amount accompanying
an offer to buy, while option money is generally
separate and distinct from the price.
Lease Agency & Property Management:
The function of the lease broker is only to secure
tenants. The function of the property manage include: determining rental
rate, securing tenants, rent collection, property maintenance, and handling
owner-tenant relationship.
In lease agency, the compensation of the broker is the commission
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
F. REGISTRATION
is the cancellation of the
seller’s title and issuance of
new title in the buyer’s
name, or annotation of the
mortgage or lease at the
back of the title.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate BrokerageCOMMISSION
Rate - There is no law prescribing
the rate of commission. Rather,
it is determined by agreement
between the principal and the
broker.
Requisites for commission:
• Broker must be duly authorized by the principal
• Broker must procure a ready, willing and able buyer.
• Broker must be the procuring cause, that is, he must be instrumental in
effecting a meeting of minds between the parties.
• Broker must close the transaction during the period of his authority.
• Broker must close at the price and terms authorized.12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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General Steps of Real Estate Brokerage
COMMISSION
Rate - There is no law prescribing
the rate of commission. Rather,
it is determined by agreement
between the principal and the
broker.
Hold-over clause in listing - a provision in a listing which entitles the broker
commission even the sale was closed after the period of his authority,
provided the buyer is a party whom he has negotiated during the period of
his authority.
12/6/2015Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
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Concepts of Real Estate Listings
Listings are otherwise known as “STOCK IN
TRADE” or inventory. They may be residential,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, beach
resort, or other investment properties12/6/2015
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB www.cartojanorealty.com
37 Listing - is the authority
given by the seller /
buyer, lessor / lessee,
financier / borrower, or
landowner / developer
for the broker to
negotiate the sale,
purchase, lease,
exchange, mortgage,
development joint
venture of real estate,
for a certain period of
time, at certain price
and terms, for a
stipulated rate of
commission.
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Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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KINDS OF LISTING:
I. AS TO FORM
Oral Listing - one
where the authority to
sell is verbally given.
Written Listing - one
where the authority to
sell is given in writing
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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KINDS OF LISTING:
I. AS TO EXCLUSIVENESS
• Open, None Exclusive,
or “First Come First
Serve”
• Exclusive Listing
• Multiple Listing
• Restricted Listing
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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A. Open, None Exclusive, or
“First Come First Serve”
- authority given to two or
more brokers. The sale made
by one of the brokers
automatically terminates the
contract of all brokers
concerned. The broker who is
the procuring cause of sale
receives the commission. If the
owner sells or leases the
property directly, he needs not
to pay any broker.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
12/6/2015
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42 B. Exclusive Listing
a listing wherein only one broker
is authorized to negotiate.
Exclusive Agency Contract
an exclusive listing wherein the
listing broker is not entitled to a
commission if the owner
negotiates the sale of the
property.
Exclusive Right To Sell
a listing where the solely
authorized broker is entitles to
commission even if the principal
closes the transaction.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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43C. Multiple Listing
the Broker who holds the Exclusive
Contract to Sell re-lists it to a
multiple listing service (MLS). The
MLS is usually available from the
real estate organizations and /or
boards. The real estate org or
board, after accepting the listing,
provides copies of necessary
sketches, location maps, and lot
plans, pictures and other
pertinent data about the
property, and distributes these to
the participating members.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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44D. RESTRICTED LISTING
the owner, for some special
reasons, may want the
authority to sell he gave the
broker to be treated as “strictly
confidential”. He may
impose conditions such as:
• It must not be advertised nor
placed in a multiple listing.
• It must be handled by the
broker himself and his office
staff should not know about it.
Restricted listings are usually practiced by big
corporations and influential persons where
information or news of their selling certain properties may adversely affect their business
and / or standing in the community.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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45D. RESTRICTED LISTING
the owner, for some special
reasons, may want the
authority to sell he gave the
broker to be treated as “strictly
confidential”. He may
impose conditions such as:
• It must not be advertised nor
placed in a multiple listing.
• It must be handled by the
broker himself and his office
staff should not know about it.
Whenever the property is offered to
prospective buyers, it must be presented
in such a manner that it would appear
that the broker is not offering the
property for sale but is merely informing
the buyer that if he is interested to buy,
he may be able to persuade the owner to
sell the property.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
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46CONTENTS OF LISTING
• Name, address, and signature
of principal and broker
• Description of property;
Lot/Block/Plan/Title No.,
Location, Area,
Improvements,
• Mortgages (if any), Utilities
and facilities
• Period of authority
• Price and terms
• Rate of commission
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
12/6/2015
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47 • SOURCE OF LISTING
• Personal contacts
• Referrals
• Multiple listing and fellow brokers
• Memberships in clubs and
associations
• Foreclosure notices
• Banks and financing institutions
• Classified ads and newspaper
advertisements
• For sale signboards of owners
• Adjoining owner of the property
which is for sale, etc.
Concepts of Real Estate Listings
12/6/2015
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48FACTORS TO CONSIDE IN LISTING
1. Price quotation of owner is within
the realm of the market value.
2. Title is free from any condition or
annotation which may pose legal
obstacle to is disposition.
3. Person giving authority is the owner
or duly authorized representative.
4. Verification whether the property
or portion thereof will be
expropriated.
5. Verification, in case of agricultural,
wether disposition is feasible under
agrarian reform law.
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Essential Attributes of Real Estate Brokers
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50AMIABILITY - having a pleasant
and friendly disposition, coupled
with an easygoing temperament
and a genuine interest in people.
CREATIVITY - having or
characterized by imagination,
originality, productivity, an artistic
skill, etc. No formula work twice;
each formula is simply a solution
to a particular problem that
occurred in the past. Every new
problem requires a new solution or
a fresh approach depending on
circumstances surrounding it.
Essential Attributes of Real Estate Brokers
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51DEPENDABILITY - ability to keep
promises since customers want to
know that the broker will be there
when he says he’ll be there.
EMPATHY Empathy- a liking and
understanding of people coupled
with the ability to involve
themselves in the problems and
decisions of others.
Essential Attributes of Real Estate Brokers
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52ENTHUSIASM & OPTIMISM -the
broker must have a positive
outlook in his daily undertaking
and should treat his profession as
something that both enjoyable
and rewarding to do.
HONESTY - being trustworthy,
honorable, upright. As the Proverb
says, “Honesty is the best policy”,
being honest in every transaction
clears away all doubts if any, in
the minds of all the parties
involved and as a result, further
boosts the credibility of the broker.
Essential Attributes of Real Estate Brokers
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53INDUSTRIOUS - having an earnest,
steady effort in following up even
the smallest details in every
transaction.
INTELLIGENCE - a recognition of all
the facts pertinent to every
transaction and maintaining a
high quality of salesmanship.
PATIENCE - an invaluable asset
that is a pre-requisite in any type
of transaction.
TACK & DIPLOMACY - an ability to
appreciate delicate situations
and to act accordingly.
Essential Attributes of Real Estate Brokers
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COMMON PITFALLS IN BROKERAGE
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55• ARISING FROM PRINCIPAL- BROKER RELATIONSHIP
• The principal is averse to giving written authority and the broker is hard put in proving his
verbal authority.
• Seller and buyer collude with each other by postponing consummation after expiration
of broker’s listing which does not contain a hold-over clause.
• After broker has spent time, effort and money is photocopying documents, and follow
ups, spending gasoline, etc., the buyer purchases the property thru another broker who
happens to be his relative or friend.
• After the broker has registered his buyer with the seller, the buyer purchases the property
not in his name but in that of his company; thus buyer is no longer the person registered
by the broker.
• The authority of the broker is a “net-selling”, and the seller accepts an offer to buy at the
listed price or lower, thereby depriving the broker of the overprice compensation.
• With the effectiveness presentation of the broker, or after the broker has prepared a
feasibility study, the seller realized new values on the property and decides not to sell.
COMMON PITFALLS IN BROKERAGE
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56• ARISING FROM BROKER- BROKER RELATIONSHIP
• The listing broker extends his authority to another broker who
then goes directly to the owner-seller to secure a listing in his
own name.
• In a cooperative transaction, the selling broker obtains an
extension of authority from the “listing” broker, only to find out
that the supposed “listing” broker himself does not have the
authority from the seller.
• In a cooperative transaction, the listing broker who receives
the full commission refuses or fails to remit the share of the
selling broker.
COMMON PITFALLS IN BROKERAGE
12/6/2015
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57• ARISING FROM BROKER- BROKER RELATIONSHIP
• The listing broker extends his authority to another broker who
then goes directly to the owner-seller to secure a listing in his
own name.
• In a cooperative transaction, the selling broker obtains an
extension of authority from the “listing” broker, only to find out
that the supposed “listing” broker himself does not have the
authority from the seller.
• In a cooperative transaction, the listing broker who receives
the full commission refuses or fails to remit the share of the
selling broker.
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