real time applications using linear state …...2018/04/25 · doe grant award #de-oe0000849 real...

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DOE Grant Award #DE-OE0000849

Real Time Applications Using Linear State Estimation Technology (RTA/LSE)

Project Update

NASPI Meeting Neeraj Nayak, Ken Martin, Lin Zhang, Iknoor Singh,

Vikram Chiluka and Kevin Chen, EPGTony Faris and Thong Trinh, BPA

Atena Darvishi and Alan Ettlinger, NYPA

April 25, 2018

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Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department ofEnergy under Award Number DE-OE0000849.

Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agencyof the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor anyagency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied,or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, orusefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, orrepresents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference hereinto any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply itsendorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or anyagency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do notnecessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agencythereof.

Acknowledgement and Disclaimer

© Electric Power Group 2018. All rights reserved 1

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Presentation Outline

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Project Introduction

RTCA application

Area Angle application

Voltage Corridor application

Q&A

© Electric Power Group 2018. All rights reserved

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Project Introduction


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Power system faced with increasing complexity> Renewable resources> Distributed generation> Market driven power exchanges

Phasor measurement offers> Increased visibility> Faster response> More reliable state estimation

EMS/SCADA and Conventional SE> May fail to converge> Slow response time

New applications based on phasor measurement can help address these problems

Background


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Develop Real Time Applications Using Phasor Data and Linear State Estimator Technology

> Provide operators with actionable intelligence on contingencies, voltage margins, & phase angle limits

Applications include> Real Time Contingency Analysis> Area Angle Limit Monitoring> Voltage Stability Monitoring

Project sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electric Power Systems

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Project Objective

4-13-2017© Electric Power Group 2018. All rights reserved

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Assess steady state conditions in real-time under current and what-if conditions.

Provide timely information about impending grid problems to system operators.

Allow operators to test switching and dispatch actions to validate system security before taking those actions.

Test ability to survive the next contingency (NERC N-1 criteria requirement).

Fast detection of line outages and stressed conditions. Fast determination of proximity of the system state to voltage

collapse conditions. Backup for EMS security violation and contingency assessment

Technical Merit


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Participants DOE/OE and DOE/NETL

– Phil Overholt, Program Manager and Walter Yamben, Project Manager Bonneville Power Administration – cost-share partner

– Project Manager – Tony Faris and Thong Trinh New York Power Authority – cost-share partner

– Project Manager – Alan Ettlinger and Atena Darvishi Technical Advisors

– Dejan Sobajic, Ian Dobson, Anjan Bose & Anurag Srivastava Electric Power Group, LLC

– Principal Investigators – Ken Martin, Lin Zhang– Key Project Personnel –Simon Mo, Neeraj Nayak, Iknoor Singh, Vikram

Chiluka, Kevin Chen Industry advisors

– PEAK, PJM, Duke Energy, Dominion


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Implement 3 applications to monitor power system Test with simulated and recorded data Demonstrate at host utilities

Project approach

PhasorDataStream

Data:Concentration,Validation,Alignment –PDC and LSE

Real-time Contingency Analysis (RTCA)

Area angle stability detection

Voltage corridor stability detection

Operator notification


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Project data flow


Phasor Data from systemAt measurement

speed (30/sec):> Validation and

LSE Conditioning> Area angle test> Voltage corridor

stabilityAt application

speed (1-10/sec):> RTCA including

voltage stability

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Real-time Contingency Analysis (RTCA)

Using real-time PMU data


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RTCA Operation

Study What if Contingency Scenarios

RTCA Engine

> Uses PMU and LSE data to initialize the system model and solve for contingencies

> Sequence through all contingencies in the list and solves using Power Flow Methods –

NR/ FDLF

> Applies RTCA solution to the voltage stability application

> Provides list of violations (voltage levels, power flow, voltage stability)

Automatic operation or Manual Operation (Study Mode)

Outputs

> Tabular lists including all affected components, severity

> One-line displays

> Alarms on application & sent to other systems

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RTCA development


PMU observable is small subset of system Challenges:

> PMU data and LSE provide data for a portion of the system. The rest of the

system needs to be equivalenced/reduced or represented fully in the system.

> Rest of the system includes: a) Lower voltage levels not observed by

PMU/LSE b) Buses geographically adjacent and outside of the boundaries of

the system being considered

How to account for unobservable part?> Using base case for whole system

> Update case with latest measurements and topology information

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Methodology


Entire Network = G LSE observable subnetwork = S Ps-inj = Power Injection at Boundary Buses

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Method 1


• External System is not considered• Boundary buses are represented by constant Power

Injections

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Method 1Example - IEEE 39 Test System


PMULSE Derived

• 7 PMU buses• 7 LSE Derived buses• Total 14 Buses in

Subnetwork S

Swing Bus

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Create/Setup the base case

1. Initialize the model with LSE solution results (full system solution) for Voltage and Angle

2. Treat all buses within network S as swing buses with Voltage and Angle as estimated by LSE

– Add swing generators, Change Bus Type

3. Solve power flow to get P,Q injections at all buses

4. Use P,Q injections as new bus injections

5. Revert back all buses to load buses

– Remove swing generators, Change Bus Type

6. Make sure there is at least 1 Swing bus in the system*

7. Solve power flow

8. Save case as base case

Steps


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Results – Base Case Solution


Base Case Solution

Bus No Reduced Full System % Error From Bus To Bus Reduced Full System % Error2 1.059897162 1.059875365 0.002056536 2 3 364.7000002 364.7178982 -0.0049073553 1.056566851 1.056547571 0.001824899 3 4 75.23039813 75.24008624 -0.0128762724 1.0592 1.059186538 0.001270998 3 18 -34.06958144 -34.06158543 0.023475173

14 1.056149045 1.056139691 0.000885716 4 14 -261.3162533 -261.3055234 0.00410627915 1.04090898 1.040893101 0.001525528 14 15 30.38219651 30.388844 -0.02187476116 1.04854909 1.048530679 0.001755968 15 16 -289.7156875 -289.7091189 0.00226731717 1.051766292 1.051745458 0.001980893 16 17 204.1605379 204.1156302 0.02200111618 1.052347969 1.052327672 0.001928706 16 19 -451.5297642 -451.5075439 0.00492136819 1.056021074 1.055994337 0.002531914 16 21 -329.7778375 -329.7364886 0.0125399921 1.043568056 1.043552449 0.001495576 16 24 -42.68949457 -42.70155209 -0.02823670923 1.051332757 1.051323814 0.000850651 17 18 192.3313617 192.3233575 0.00416181324 1.052601512 1.052584399 0.001625837 17 27 11.54644338 11.50966775 0.31951945826 1.062324284 1.062293381 0.002909055 23 24 353.8000004 353.8122782 -0.00347016327 1.051759806 1.051733088 0.002540327 26 27 270.4000002 270.4370214 -0.013689385

Voltage Mag (pu) Voltage Mag (pu) Power Flow (MW) Power Flow (MW)

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Results – Contingency Line 14 -15


X

Swing Bus = Bus 4

Bus Results Branch ResultsContingency 2 Bus 14 - 15

Bus No Reduced System Full System % Error From Bus To Bus Reduced System Full System % Error2 1.027010036 1.059447239 -3.06171015 2 3 364.7 363.0725709 0.448237963 1.023789346 1.055846923 -3.036195531 3 4 42.4831694 49.29227898 -13.813744714 1.0592 1.062935917 -0.351471507 3 18 -1.422496109 -9.746567777 -85.40515859

14 1.062533496 1.063305921 -0.072643758 4 14 -291.5935573 -283.6447089 2.80239614315 0.953271098 1.023334859 -6.8466114 14 15 0 016 0.971082324 1.039761297 -6.605263381 15 16 -319.9999999 -320 -2.20319E-0817 0.98671413 1.045953383 -5.663660919 16 17 172.3145521 173.3111191 -0.57501624318 0.999458311 1.048486797 -4.676118641 16 19 -451.0390324 -451.4075396 -0.08163516519 0.978065487 1.052769621 -7.09596216 16 21 -329.6372206 -329.6683994 -0.00945764921 0.965255079 1.037382101 -6.952792206 16 24 -42.2613597 -42.69355382 -1.01231703823 0.970995841 1.047904287 -7.339262504 17 18 160.1732015 167.975956 -4.64516154924 0.974659765 1.04459146 -6.694645504 17 27 11.67372254 5.094286941 129.153219526 0.996450441 1.05959623 -5.959419897 23 24 353.7999999 353.8270726 -0.00765139327 0.985522236 1.047546314 -5.920891182 26 27 270.4 276.9166377 -2.353285022

Voltage Mag (pu) Power Flow (MW)

S

Contingency Results Comparisons

Bus ResultsBranch ResultsBase Case Solution

Contingency 2 Bus 14 - 15

Bus NoReduced SystemFull System% ErrorFrom BusTo BusReduced SystemFull System% ErrorBus NoReducedFull System% ErrorFrom BusTo BusReducedFull System% Error

21.02701003561.0594472393-3.061710150423364.7000000147363.07257092860.448237960221.05989716211.05987536540.002056535723364.700000154364.7178981558-0.004907355

31.02378934611.0558469232-3.03619553073442.483169401649.292278983-13.813744711831.05656685151.05654757050.00182489923475.230398125275.2400862436-0.0128762723

41.05921.0629359169-0.3514715069318-1.4224961095-9.7465677769-85.405158594641.05921.05918653780.0012709977318-34.0695814438-34.06158542780.0234751728

141.0625334961.0633059214-0.0726437575414-291.5935573006-283.64470891782.8023961431141.05614904491.05613969050.0008857158414-261.3162533024-261.30552336850.004106279

150.95327109751.0233348586-6.8466113998141500151.04090897991.04089310080.0015255284141530.382196511230.3888439983-0.0218747614

160.97108232441.0397612966-6.60526338071516-319.9999999294-319.9999999999-0.000000022161.04854909041.04853067850.00175596851516-289.7156875165-289.70911889240.002267317

170.98671412991.0459533829-5.66366091941617172.3145520509173.3111191368-0.575016243171.05176629181.05174545780.00198089351617204.1605379278204.11563021140.0220011159

180.99945831071.0484867973-4.67611864071619-451.0390323569-451.4075396484-0.0816351654181.05234796871.05232767240.00192870551619-451.5297642071-451.507543860.0049213678

190.97806548661.0527696205-7.09596216021621-329.6372205555-329.6683994366-0.0094576493191.05602107431.05599433740.00253191371621-329.7778375278-329.73648860520.01253999

210.96525507941.0373821012-6.95279220651624-42.2613597027-42.6935538224-1.0123170384211.04356805641.04355244920.00149557561624-42.689494574-42.7015520869-0.0282367086

230.97099584071.0479042871-7.33926250371718160.1732015086167.975956029-4.6451615487231.05133275691.05132381380.00085065131718192.3313616731192.3233575350.0041618128

240.97465976481.04459146-6.6946455036172711.67372253715.094286941129.1532195253241.05260151251.05258439920.001625837172711.546443382311.50966775420.319519458

260.99645044131.0595962298-5.95941989732324353.799999937353.8270726381-0.0076513934261.06232428391.06229338120.00290905512324353.800000354353.8122782165-0.0034701629

270.98552223641.0475463138-5.92089118242627270.3999999749276.9166377353-2.3532850224271.05175980571.05173308820.0025403272627270.4000002264270.4370213923-0.0136893853

Base_Case_Solution

Base Case Bus Results

Reduced System Full System

21-364.713.50011.0598971621-6.1289236236111.10.921000011.0598753654-6.1284433913111.10.9

313222.40011.0565668515-8.9469995019111.10.9313222.40011.0565475705-8.9467794238111.10.9

43500184010011.0592-9.7788111.10.941500184010011.0591865378-9.7787306646111.10.9

141-292.2-6.40011.0561490449-8.0334412983111.10.9141000011.0561396905-8.0334195921111.10.9

1513201530011.0409089799-8.3097755479111.10.91513201530011.0408931008-8.3098070094111.10.9

161329.432.30011.0485490904-6.9052313802111.10.9161329.432.30011.0485306785-6.9052355886111.10.9

171000011.0517662918-7.8682739836111.10.9171000011.0517454578-7.8680948591111.10.9

181158300011.0523479687-8.6928582546111.10.9181158300011.0523276724-8.692679607111.10.9

191-454.5-4.30011.0560210743-2.3320157759111.10.9191000011.0559943374-2.3320127463111.10.9

211-330.665.10011.0435680564-4.5461552699111.10.92112741150011.0435524492-4.5463863663111.10.9

231-353.826.10011.0513327569-0.3535748608111.10.9231247.584.60011.0513238138-0.353186754111.10.9

241308.6-92.20011.0526015125-6.7853526214111.10.9241308.6-92.20011.0525843992-6.7853191423111.10.9

261-270.4-41.70011.0623242839-5.9732017438111.10.9261139170011.0622933812-5.9722589754111.10.9

27128175.50011.0517598057-7.9722866803111.10.927128175.50011.0517330882-7.9717568171111.10.9

Base Case Branch ResultsReduced System Full System

230.00130.01510.257200100100364.700000154-13.5000000114-363.16081683852.5754648085230.00130.01510.257200100100364.7178981558-13.5177783817-363.1785008482.5968469196

340.00130.02130.22140010010075.2303981252-29.4571592073-75.16108555.8155235728340.00130.02130.22140010010075.2400862436-29.4857401357-75.17074253955.8453804365

3180.00110.01330.213800100100-34.069581443824.481694412634.0940856932-47.95751448493180.00110.01330.213800100100-34.061585427824.488893218434.0860900575-47.9638165048

4140.00080.01290.138200100100-261.316253302437.5274630985261.8178035712-44.900091144140.00080.01290.138200100100-261.305523368537.4926415833261.8070237934-44.8657397597

14150.00180.02170.3660010010030.382196511251.3000911403-30.2843127059-90.36069175214150.00180.02170.3660010010030.388843998351.3310214674-30.2908811737-90.3897029175

15160.00090.00940.17100100100-289.7156875165-62.6393083187290.436558023451.504205999215160.00090.00940.17100100100-289.7091188924-62.6102971141290.429954309851.4754410684

16170.00070.00890.134200100100204.1605379278-59.5878688061-203.877804943148.382587643816170.00070.00890.134200100100204.1156302114-59.5556086009-203.833025304348.3492521673

16190.00160.01950.30400100100-451.5297642071-1.762709084454.50000040094.299999990516190.00160.01950.30400100100-451.50754386-1.719193689454.4776110524.2558700986

16210.00080.01350.254800100100-329.777837527851.0926410297330.6000003124-65.100000055516210.00080.01350.254800100100-329.736488605251.0666746511330.5584567682-65.0764110184

16240.00030.00590.06800100100-42.689494574-73.546269125342.707764259266.400327461516240.00030.00590.06800100100-42.7015520869-73.567313434842.719833291766.4218520935

17180.00070.00820.131900100100192.3313616731-29.7770104542-192.09408588217.957514479817180.00070.00820.131900100100192.323357535-29.7828394528-192.086090085717.9638165018

17270.00130.01730.32160010010011.5464433823-18.6055771858-11.5448687691-16.949037571217270.00130.01730.32160010010011.5096677542-18.5664127143-11.5081037653-16.9867350329

23240.00220.0350.36100100100353.800000354-26.1000000227-351.307764591725.799672632123240.00220.0350.36100100100353.8122782165-26.0741590277-351.319833354325.7781479245

26270.00140.01470.239600100100270.400000226441.7000000119-269.4551314838-58.550962458526270.00140.01470.239600100100270.437021392341.6664540531-269.4918962988-58.513264975

Sheet1

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Method 2


Only Update S

• Use the entire system G, keeping rest of the system outside of S also in the model• However, only S is updated based on LSE results

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IEEE 300 Bus Test System - Observable Buses

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Contingency Line 127 - 128

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Base Case Solution – 10 % Scaled Base Case Contingency 127-128Results

Sheet1

Contingency line 127_128Base Case Solution Comparison

Bus ResultsBranch ResultsBus ResultsBranch Results

Original System10 % ScaledOriginal10% ScaledOriginal System10 % ScaledOriginal10% Scaled

Bus No.VM (pu)VM(pu)Error (%)From ToPower(MW)Power(MW)Error (%)Bus No.VM (pu)VM(pu)Error (%)From ToPower(MW)Power(MW)Error (%)

1.001.031.03-0.2837.009,001.0079.6387.6510.071.001.031.03-0.2837.009,001.0079.6387.6510.07

2.001.041.03-0.129,001.009,005.0036.2039.8910.192.001.041.03-0.129,001.009,005.0036.2039.8910.19

3.001.001.00-0.169,001.009,006.0026.4329.059.913.001.001.00-0.169,001.009,006.0026.4329.059.91

4.001.031.030.019,001.009,012.0016.9918.7010.064.001.031.030.009,001.009,012.0016.9918.7010.06

5.001.021.02-0.379,005.009,051.0036.0439.6710.075.001.021.02-0.379,005.009,051.0036.0439.6710.08

6.001.031.03-0.189,005.009,052.0030.2433.2910.126.001.031.03-0.189,005.009,052.0030.2433.2910.12

7.000.990.99-0.209,005.009,053.0027.9230.7210.027.000.990.99-0.209,005.009,053.0027.9230.7210.02

8.001.021.020.009,005.009,054.00-50.00-55.0010.008.001.021.020.009,005.009,054.00-50.00-55.0010.00

9.001.001.00-0.349,005.009,055.00-8.00-8.8010.009.001.001.00-0.349,005.009,055.00-8.00-8.8010.00

10.001.021.020.009,006.009,007.009.4710.409.7810.001.021.020.009,006.009,007.009.4710.409.78

11.001.011.00-0.129,006.009,003.008.399.229.8011.001.011.00-0.129,006.009,003.008.399.229.80

12.001.001.00-0.189,006.009,003.008.399.229.8012.001.001.00-0.189,006.009,003.008.399.229.80

13.001.001.00-0.139,012.009,002.006.527.179.9713.001.001.00-0.139,012.009,002.006.527.179.97

14.001.000.99-0.459,012.009,002.006.527.179.9714.001.000.99-0.459,012.009,002.006.527.179.97

15.001.031.03-0.279,002.009,021.007.358.089.9315.001.031.03-0.279,002.009,021.007.358.089.93

16.001.031.03-0.009,021.009,023.000.951.059.7616.001.031.03-0.009,021.009,023.000.951.059.76

17.001.061.06-0.509,021.009,022.001.621.779.6017.001.061.06-0.509,021.009,022.001.621.779.60

19.000.980.98-0.289,002.009,024.001.431.579.6019.000.980.98-0.289,002.009,024.001.431.579.60

20.001.001.000.009,023.009,025.000.470.529.6220.001.001.000.009,023.009,025.000.470.529.62

21.000.980.97-0.229,023.009,026.000.470.529.6221.000.980.97-0.229,023.009,026.000.470.529.62

22.001.000.99-0.219,007.009,071.001.071.189.4722.001.000.99-0.219,007.009,071.001.071.189.47

23.001.051.05-0.079,007.009,072.001.071.179.4523.001.051.05-0.079,007.009,072.001.071.179.44

24.001.011.00-0.149,007.009,003.007.277.989.7524.001.011.00-0.149,007.009,003.007.277.989.75

25.001.021.02-0.379,003.009,031.001.962.159.6125.001.021.02-0.379,003.009,031.001.962.159.61

26.001.000.99-0.639,003.009,032.001.471.619.5926.001.000.99-0.639,003.009,032.001.471.619.59

27.000.980.97-0.759,003.009,033.002.012.219.6527.000.980.97-0.759,003.009,033.002.012.219.65

33.001.021.02-0.289,003.009,044.004.414.849.8933.001.021.02-0.299,003.009,044.004.414.849.89

34.001.041.040.009,044.009,004.004.394.829.8334.001.041.04-0.009,044.009,004.004.394.829.83

35.000.980.97-0.099,004.009,041.001.061.169.4535.000.980.97-0.099,004.009,041.001.061.169.45

36.001.001.00-0.209,004.009,042.000.860.949.5536.001.001.00-0.209,004.009,042.000.860.949.55

37.001.021.02-0.389,004.009,043.001.601.7710.0537.001.021.02-0.399,004.009,043.001.601.7710.05

38.001.021.02-0.349,003.009,034.001.631.799.3338.001.021.02-0.359,003.009,034.001.631.799.32

39.001.051.050.009,003.009,035.001.761.939.5039.001.051.050.009,003.009,035.001.761.939.50

40.001.021.02-0.329,003.009,036.003.053.3510.0940.001.021.02-0.339,003.009,036.003.053.3510.09

41.001.031.03-0.229,003.009,037.001.972.169.4741.001.031.03-0.239,003.009,037.001.972.169.47

42.001.041.040.009,003.009,038.002.743.019.5642.001.041.040.009,003.009,038.002.743.019.56

43.001.001.00-0.569,012.009,121.003.844.2310.1243.001.001.00-0.579,012.009,121.003.844.2310.12

44.001.011.00-0.429,053.009,533.001.301.429.1644.001.011.00-0.429,053.009,533.001.301.429.16

45.001.021.02-0.311.005.00402.05441.489.8145.001.021.02-0.311.005.00402.07441.439.79

46.001.031.030.002.006.00158.72176.9011.4646.001.031.030.002.006.00158.51176.7911.54

47.000.980.97-0.742.008.00364.76396.338.6647.000.980.97-0.752.008.00365.11396.438.58

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49.001.051.05-0.103.0019.00138.99151.198.7849.001.051.05-0.103.0019.00139.13151.188.66

51.001.031.02-0.353.00150.0094.73108.6214.6651.001.031.02-0.363.00150.0092.90105.9714.07

52.001.000.99-0.714.0016.00710.22712.550.3352.001.000.99-0.724.0016.00712.55712.550.00

53.001.000.99-0.645.009.00119.22129.258.4153.001.000.99-0.655.009.00119.33129.288.33

54.001.011.00-0.557.0012.00180.15196.238.9354.001.011.00-0.567.0012.00180.49196.368.79

55.001.021.01-0.527.00131.0047.4756.1318.2455.001.021.01-0.537.00131.0046.0454.1217.56

57.001.031.03-0.338.0011.001.724.38155.1357.001.031.03-0.338.0011.001.554.31178.90

58.000.990.99-0.638.0014.00292.58313.847.2658.000.990.99-0.638.0014.00293.09314.007.13

59.000.980.97-0.729.0011.0022.3422.631.2759.000.980.97-0.729.0011.0022.4522.650.92

60.001.021.02-0.3611.0013.00153.43169.1810.2660.001.021.02-0.3611.0013.00153.41169.1610.27

61.000.990.99-0.5412.0021.00420.33460.529.5661.000.990.99-0.5412.0021.00420.63460.639.51

62.001.021.01-0.3013.0020.0093.57103.1010.1962.001.021.01-0.3013.0020.0093.54103.0810.20

63.000.960.960.0014.0015.00121.65125.333.0263.000.960.960.0014.0015.00122.13125.482.75

64.000.950.94-0.3915.0037.0019.5619.600.2164.000.950.94-0.3915.0037.0019.9619.60-1.79

69.000.960.96-0.7415.0089.0017.0918.397.6069.000.960.96-0.7415.0089.0017.2118.386.76

70.000.950.94-1.1015.0090.0013.1513.583.2970.000.950.94-1.1015.0090.0013.3213.581.97

71.000.980.97-0.6016.0042.00399.17401.200.5171.000.980.97-0.6016.0042.00401.20401.200.00

72.000.970.97-0.3519.0021.00-45.67-46.561.9572.000.970.97-0.3519.0021.00-45.94-46.651.55

73.000.980.97-0.4919.0087.00183.09195.896.9973.000.980.97-0.4919.0087.00183.50195.966.79

74.001.000.99-0.4620.0022.00-15.12-15.442.1174.001.000.99-0.4620.0022.00-15.12-15.442.11

76.000.960.960.0020.0027.0024.3127.3612.5476.000.960.960.0020.0027.0024.3127.3612.54

77.000.980.98-0.1821.0024.00-227.38-250.3310.0977.000.980.98-0.1821.0024.00-227.38-250.3310.09

78.000.990.99-0.1822.0023.00-96.23-104.718.8078.000.990.99-0.1822.0023.00-96.23-104.718.80

79.000.980.98-0.3523.0025.00126.47139.2610.1279.000.980.98-0.3523.0025.00126.47139.2610.12

80.000.990.98-0.2924.00319.00116.78128.5610.0980.000.990.98-0.2924.00319.00116.78128.5610.09

81.001.031.03-0.0025.0026.0078.6886.389.7881.001.031.030.0025.0026.0078.6886.389.78

84.001.031.030.0026.0027.0046.0850.269.0784.001.031.030.0026.0027.0046.0850.269.07

85.000.990.98-0.2526.00320.002.482.7310.3485.000.990.98-0.2526.00320.002.482.7310.34

86.000.990.99-0.4033.0034.00-120.48-139.3115.6386.000.990.99-0.4033.0034.00-121.12-139.2514.96

87.000.990.99-0.4733.0038.0085.2495.8812.4987.000.990.99-0.4733.0038.0085.5395.8312.04

88.001.021.01-0.1733.0040.0047.8055.9016.9588.001.021.01-0.1733.0040.0047.9555.8816.53

89.001.031.03-0.2733.0041.00-67.56-72.978.0189.001.031.03-0.2733.0041.00-67.36-72.968.31

90.001.031.02-0.3534.0042.00-120.48-121.120.5490.001.031.02-0.3534.0042.00-121.12-121.120.00

91.001.051.050.0035.0072.0048.5954.0111.1491.001.051.050.0035.0072.0048.5954.0111.14

92.001.051.050.0035.0076.00113.05126.7612.1392.001.051.050.0035.0076.00113.04126.7512.12

94.000.990.99-0.4135.0077.00-48.10-52.659.4794.000.990.99-0.4135.0077.00-48.10-52.659.47

97.001.021.02-0.1836.0088.00-113.54-128.1212.8497.001.021.02-0.1836.0088.00-113.54-128.1012.83

98.001.001.000.0037.0038.0050.2849.59-1.3798.001.001.000.0037.0038.0049.7849.58-0.39

99.000.990.99-0.0537.0040.0039.0840.042.4499.000.990.99-0.0537.0040.0038.7540.033.30

100.001.011.00-0.1637.0041.00-43.38-54.0624.62100.001.011.00-0.1637.0041.00-43.89-54.0423.13

102.001.001.00-0.2437.0049.00-188.17-196.394.37102.001.001.00-0.2437.0049.00-185.92-196.365.61

103.001.031.03-0.2037.0089.00-1.82-0.69-61.94103.001.031.03-0.2037.0089.00-2.05-0.71-65.53

104.001.000.99-0.2037.0090.00-1.31-0.28-78.23104.001.000.99-0.2037.0090.00-1.59-0.30-81.12

105.001.021.02-0.2938.0041.00-104.82-114.429.16105.001.021.02-0.2938.0041.00-104.70-114.399.26

107.001.011.01-0.3138.0043.0084.9588.974.73107.001.011.01-0.3238.0043.0084.6388.875.01

108.000.990.990.0039.0042.00500.00500.000.00108.000.990.990.0039.0042.00500.00500.000.00

109.000.980.97-0.6940.0048.0040.3844.7610.84109.000.980.97-0.6940.0048.0040.2144.7311.25

110.000.970.97-0.6641.0042.00-193.38-226.6017.18110.000.970.97-0.6641.0042.00-195.32-226.4815.95

112.000.970.97-0.7941.0049.00-68.38-69.952.30112.000.970.97-0.7941.0049.00-67.39-69.953.79

113.000.970.96-0.8541.0051.00-41.34-41.18-0.40113.000.970.96-0.8541.0051.00-40.58-41.241.63

114.000.980.97-0.7642.0046.00580.64580.05-0.10114.000.980.97-0.7642.0046.00580.05580.05-0.00

115.000.960.94-1.6943.0044.0011.196.47-42.24115.000.960.94-1.6643.0044.0010.936.43-41.16

116.001.021.02-0.2043.0048.00-3.95-2.57-35.09116.001.021.02-0.2043.0048.00-3.94-2.55-35.13

117.000.930.91-2.3943.0053.0036.4939.718.85117.000.930.91-2.3643.0053.0036.4339.658.84

118.000.930.91-2.4344.0047.00118.81127.947.68118.000.930.91-2.4044.0047.00118.81127.977.71

119.001.041.040.0044.0054.00-21.69-19.42-10.45119.001.041.040.0044.0054.00-21.54-19.49-9.53

120.000.960.94-1.6545.0060.00-222.36-231.324.03120.000.960.94-1.6545.0060.00-223.35-232.384.04

121.000.990.97-1.8045.0074.00241.67251.053.88121.000.990.97-1.7845.0074.00241.74251.223.92

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123.001.001.00-0.5147.0073.0026.5124.20-8.74123.001.001.00-0.5047.0073.0026.5124.23-8.60

124.001.021.020.0047.00113.0030.5535.5516.37124.001.021.020.0047.00113.0030.5535.5516.37

125.001.011.010.0048.00107.00-5.01-3.43-31.52125.001.011.010.0048.00107.00-5.16-3.44-33.25

126.001.000.99-0.9249.0051.00103.34106.703.25126.001.000.99-0.8549.0051.00101.95106.624.58

127.000.990.98-1.0951.0052.0063.3667.176.01127.001.000.99-0.9251.0052.0062.8467.036.67

128.001.001.00-0.5652.0055.000.93-1.56-266.81128.001.001.00-0.6752.0055.000.43-1.69-491.99

129.001.000.99-0.6653.0054.00-32.69-36.3911.34129.001.001.00-0.6353.0054.00-32.74-36.4611.35

130.001.021.01-0.5054.0055.00-64.81-67.303.84130.001.021.01-0.4954.0055.00-64.72-67.434.20

131.000.990.98-0.2855.0057.00-42.54-45.386.67131.000.990.98-0.2855.0057.00-42.94-45.656.32

132.001.001.00-0.5157.0058.00-9.79-9.860.73132.001.001.00-0.4957.0058.00-10.12-10.09-0.31

133.001.001.00-0.4957.0063.0033.0836.8411.36133.001.001.00-0.4957.0063.0032.9936.7811.48

134.001.021.01-0.9058.0059.00-25.40-27.086.61134.001.021.01-0.7658.0059.00-25.74-27.316.11

135.001.011.00-1.0859.0061.00-243.77-267.309.65135.001.021.01-0.9359.0061.00-244.12-267.549.59

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137.001.051.04-0.2762.0064.00197.10218.2210.71137.001.051.04-0.2762.0064.00197.19218.2810.69

138.001.061.060.0062.00144.00-99.65-96.98-2.68138.001.061.060.0062.00144.00-101.16-98.43-2.69

139.001.011.01-0.4463.00526.00151.98168.0310.56139.001.011.01-0.4463.00526.00151.98168.0310.56

140.001.041.04-0.5169.00211.00-27.45-31.2513.81140.001.041.04-0.5169.00211.00-27.45-31.2413.80

141.001.051.050.0069.0079.00-17.30-18.185.10141.001.051.050.0069.0079.00-17.30-18.195.13

142.001.021.00-1.0970.0071.00-84.37-92.8410.04142.001.021.00-1.0970.0071.00-84.37-92.8410.04

143.001.041.040.0070.00528.0028.3731.2410.12143.001.041.040.0070.00528.0028.3731.2410.12

144.001.021.01-0.2771.0072.00-26.23-29.7713.47144.001.021.01-0.2771.0072.00-26.23-29.7613.45

145.001.011.00-0.8371.0073.00-60.66-66.199.13145.001.011.00-0.8371.0073.00-60.66-66.209.13

146.001.051.050.0072.0077.00-49.34-54.7110.89146.001.051.050.0072.0077.00-49.34-54.7110.89

147.001.051.050.0072.00531.0014.0615.4710.05147.001.051.050.0072.00531.0014.0615.4710.05

148.001.061.05-0.4873.0076.0027.5027.10-1.44148.001.061.05-0.4873.0076.0027.5027.12-1.39

149.001.071.070.0073.0079.00-23.41-28.6622.42149.001.071.070.0073.0079.00-23.40-28.6322.36

150.000.990.98-0.2874.0088.00-78.86-100.0026.81150.000.990.98-0.2874.0088.00-78.81-99.8626.72

151.001.001.00-0.4074.00562.0051.2656.5010.21151.001.001.00-0.4074.00562.0051.2656.5010.21

152.001.051.050.0076.0077.00-68.57-76.1711.08152.001.051.050.0076.0077.00-68.57-76.1711.08

153.001.041.040.0077.0078.00-257.85-282.499.56153.001.041.040.0077.0078.00-257.85-282.509.56

154.000.970.96-0.9477.0080.00-3.12-5.7584.10154.000.970.96-0.9377.0080.00-3.12-5.7383.90

155.001.021.01-0.5677.00552.00-10.98-12.079.89155.001.021.01-0.5777.00552.00-10.98-12.079.89

156.000.960.960.0077.00609.0030.3533.4710.30156.000.960.960.0077.00609.0030.3533.4710.30

157.000.980.97-1.6978.0079.0079.4388.4511.36157.000.980.97-1.6678.0079.0079.4388.4411.35

158.001.000.99-1.2578.0084.00-338.00-371.8010.00158.001.000.99-1.2178.0084.00-338.00-371.8010.00

159.000.990.97-1.8479.00211.00-9.97-12.0721.08159.000.990.97-1.8179.00211.00-9.97-12.0721.04

160.001.000.99-0.5880.00211.00-31.13-36.5517.44160.001.000.99-0.5780.00211.00-31.12-36.5417.41

161.001.041.03-0.2481.00194.0011.4711.490.18161.001.041.03-0.2481.00194.0011.4711.490.21

162.000.990.98-1.2081.00195.00101.78101.77-0.01162.000.990.98-1.2081.00195.00101.77101.77-0.00

163.001.041.03-0.6685.0086.00-92.54-99.237.23163.001.041.03-0.6785.0086.00-92.66-99.257.12

164.000.980.97-0.9386.0087.00-115.94-123.466.49164.000.980.97-0.9486.0087.00-116.17-123.516.31

165.001.000.99-0.8386.00323.00-14.86-16.339.95165.001.000.99-0.8386.00323.00-14.86-16.339.95

166.001.000.99-0.5289.0091.00-29.24-31.297.01166.001.000.99-0.5289.0091.00-29.36-31.326.68

167.000.970.96-1.1390.0092.00-54.33-59.499.49167.000.970.96-1.1090.0092.00-54.45-59.509.29

168.001.000.99-0.7591.0094.008.5710.5623.14168.001.001.00-0.6791.0094.008.4710.5424.38

169.000.990.98-0.8491.0097.0099.40109.069.72169.000.990.98-0.8191.0097.0099.38109.059.73

170.000.930.930.0092.00103.0078.3886.6810.58170.000.930.930.0092.00103.0078.3286.6710.67

171.000.980.980.0092.00105.00140.59154.379.80171.000.980.980.0092.00105.00140.54154.369.84

172.001.021.01-1.0294.0097.008.648.882.75172.001.021.01-1.0194.0097.008.698.882.30

173.000.980.96-2.6797.00100.0043.5248.0910.50173.000.980.96-2.6797.00100.0043.4748.0810.60

174.001.061.06-0.4897.00102.0040.2344.4710.53174.001.061.06-0.4897.00102.0040.1944.4710.64

175.000.970.95-1.8797.00103.00-18.22-21.5818.42175.000.970.95-1.8797.00103.00-18.10-21.5619.11

176.001.051.050.0098.00100.00-6.97-7.619.23176.001.051.050.0098.00100.00-6.96-7.619.35

177.001.011.010.0098.00102.008.279.049.35177.001.011.010.0098.00102.008.269.049.45

178.000.940.92-1.8299.00107.00-52.41-58.2811.20178.000.940.92-1.8299.00107.00-52.29-58.2611.41

179.000.970.95-2.3799.00108.00-10.35-9.94-4.03179.000.970.95-2.3799.00108.00-10.38-9.94-4.22

180.000.980.97-1.2699.00109.0028.3229.383.76180.000.980.97-1.2699.00109.0028.3229.383.75

181.001.051.05-0.1899.00110.0043.4946.216.26181.001.051.05-0.1899.00110.0043.5146.226.23

182.001.041.04-0.55100.00102.0036.1239.9710.64182.001.041.04-0.55100.00102.0036.0839.9610.74

183.000.970.97-0.21102.00104.0043.5346.637.12183.000.970.97-0.21102.00104.0043.5646.647.06

184.001.041.03-0.40103.00105.0026.9328.375.34184.001.041.03-0.35103.00105.0026.9928.385.15

185.001.051.050.00104.00108.0031.5333.355.78185.001.051.050.00104.00108.0031.5633.365.70

186.001.071.070.00104.00322.002.412.6510.04186.001.071.070.00104.00322.002.412.6510.04

187.001.071.070.00105.00107.0064.0569.308.21187.001.071.070.00105.00107.0064.0869.308.15

188.001.051.05-0.16105.00110.0050.6755.028.58188.001.051.05-0.16105.00110.0050.6455.028.64

189.001.001.00-0.61108.00324.0025.1827.7510.22189.001.001.00-0.61108.00324.0025.1827.7510.22

190.001.061.060.00109.00110.00-10.29-10.12-1.65190.001.061.060.00109.00110.00-10.29-10.12-1.59

191.001.041.040.00109.00113.00-3.90-6.0856.07191.001.041.040.00109.00113.00-3.90-6.0856.08

192.000.940.91-2.66109.00114.0011.4411.41-0.22192.000.940.91-2.66109.00114.0011.4411.42-0.18

193.001.000.99-0.72110.00112.0015.9416.040.65193.001.000.99-0.72110.00112.0015.9416.040.68

194.001.051.05-0.01112.00114.00-4.09-5.9545.61194.001.051.05-0.01112.00114.00-4.09-5.9445.46

195.001.041.04-0.00115.00122.0052.6158.8511.86195.001.041.040.00115.00122.0052.5458.7411.81

196.000.970.97-0.61116.00120.00-62.84-70.9212.87196.000.970.97-0.61116.00120.00-62.68-70.6912.79

197.000.990.99-0.36117.00118.00-487.45-533.309.41197.000.990.99-0.36117.00118.00-487.68-533.649.42

198.001.021.020.00118.00119.00-577.69-631.559.32198.001.021.020.00118.00119.00-577.93-631.919.34

199.000.950.95-0.92118.001,201.0029.2731.768.48199.000.950.95-0.92118.001,201.0029.2831.778.50

200.000.960.95-0.951,201.00120.0029.2731.768.48200.000.960.95-0.951,201.00120.0029.2831.778.50

201.000.970.96-0.99118.00121.0046.5050.538.67201.000.970.96-0.99118.00121.0046.5050.538.68

202.000.990.99-0.48119.00120.00710.72784.0910.32202.000.990.99-0.48119.00120.00710.56783.8410.31

203.001.001.00-0.19119.00121.00541.17596.8910.30203.001.001.00-0.19119.00121.00541.10596.7810.29

204.000.970.96-1.16122.00123.0017.7518.383.54204.000.970.96-1.16122.00123.0017.8318.483.65

205.000.990.98-0.91122.00125.0015.4516.345.77205.000.990.98-0.91122.00125.0015.4716.375.79

206.001.001.00-0.85123.00124.00-67.61-75.2511.30206.001.001.00-0.85123.00124.00-67.52-75.1211.26

207.001.021.01-0.79123.00125.006.847.134.16207.001.021.01-0.79123.00125.006.837.103.95

208.001.000.99-0.69125.00126.00-493.01-543.5310.25208.001.000.99-0.69125.00126.00-492.98-543.5110.25

209.001.001.00-0.55126.00127.00-34.22-37.369.15209.001.001.00-0.55126.00127.00-99.08-109.1610.18

210.000.980.98-0.55126.00129.00-156.39-172.8110.50210.000.980.98-0.55126.00129.00-131.22-144.8810.41

211.001.001.00-0.28126.00132.00-174.35-192.1410.20211.001.001.00-0.28126.00132.00-158.36-174.5410.22

212.001.011.01-0.19126.00157.00-29.16-32.059.92212.001.011.01-0.19126.00157.00-29.17-32.089.95

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214.000.990.99-0.13126.00169.00-111.80-123.6010.56214.000.990.99-0.13126.00169.00-88.08-97.2810.44

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142.00175.00157.68174.7610.83142.00175.00157.65174.7310.83

143.00144.0099.7597.07-2.68143.00144.00101.2698.53-2.69

143.00148.00207.33230.5511.20143.00148.00207.13230.3611.22

145.00180.00282.04311.2810.37145.00180.00282.13311.3710.36

151.00170.00163.98180.6910.19151.00170.00161.67178.0910.16

153.00183.0085.5693.849.68153.00183.0086.1394.469.68

155.00156.00103.43114.3710.57155.00156.00102.84113.7210.57

159.00117.00-487.45-533.309.41159.00117.00-487.68-533.649.42

160.00124.0043.2847.068.72160.00124.0043.3547.158.77

163.00137.00215.50234.929.01163.00137.00221.69241.749.04

164.00155.00238.39262.6310.17164.00155.00232.07255.6510.16

182.00139.00-86.13-94.319.49182.00139.00-86.06-94.249.50

189.00210.00-15.93-18.1413.85189.00210.00-15.93-18.1413.83

193.00196.00-22.52-25.6413.84193.00196.00-22.52-25.6413.82

195.00212.0084.83100.1518.07195.00212.0084.82100.1218.04

200.00248.00-4.13-5.0722.72200.00248.00-4.13-5.0722.68

201.0069.00-44.75-49.4310.45201.0069.00-44.76-49.4310.45

202.00211.00-26.77-29.4710.09202.00211.00-26.77-29.4710.09

204.002,040.00-38.61-42.9611.26204.002,040.00-38.61-42.9511.25

209.00198.00-46.42-51.7011.39209.00198.00-46.42-51.7011.39

211.00212.00-126.85-147.1916.03211.00212.00-126.84-147.1516.01

218.00219.00-80.97-90.1311.31218.00219.00-80.97-90.1311.31

223.00224.00-102.93-111.578.40223.00224.00-102.93-111.578.40

229.00230.00-343.88-378.149.96229.00230.00-343.88-378.149.96

234.00236.00-597.82-657.399.96234.00236.00-597.82-657.399.96

238.00239.00-548.46-603.149.97238.00239.00-548.46-603.149.97

196.002,040.0039.0343.4811.40196.002,040.0039.0343.4811.39

119.001,190.00100.42110.4710.01119.001,190.00100.42110.4710.01

120.001,200.00-100.00-110.0010.00120.001,200.00-100.00-110.0010.00

7,002.002.00623.00685.3010.007,002.002.00623.00685.3010.00

7,003.003.001,210.001,331.0010.007,003.003.001,210.001,331.0010.00

7,061.0061.00400.00440.0010.007,061.0061.00400.00440.0010.00

7,062.0062.00400.00440.0010.007,062.0062.00400.00440.0010.00

7,166.00166.00553.00608.3010.007,166.00166.00553.00608.3010.00

7,024.0024.00410.00451.0010.007,024.0024.00410.00451.0010.00

7,001.001.00467.00513.7010.007,001.001.00467.00513.7010.00

7,130.00130.001,292.001,421.2010.007,130.00130.001,292.001,421.2010.00

7,011.0011.00234.00257.4010.007,011.0011.00234.00257.4010.00

7,023.0023.00185.00203.5010.007,023.0023.00185.00203.5010.00

7,049.0049.00460.81483.885.017,049.0049.00455.95483.756.10

7,139.00139.00700.00770.0010.007,139.00139.00700.00770.0010.00

7,012.0012.00372.00409.2010.007,012.0012.00372.00409.2010.00

7,017.0017.00330.00363.0010.007,017.0017.00330.00363.0010.00

7,039.0039.00500.00550.0010.007,039.0039.00500.00550.0010.00

7,057.0057.00165.00181.5010.007,057.0057.00165.00181.5010.00

7,044.0044.0037.0040.7010.007,044.0044.0037.0040.7010.00

7,055.0055.0045.0049.5010.007,055.0055.0045.0049.5010.00

7,071.0071.00116.00127.6010.007,071.0071.00116.00127.6010.00

|

WECC Planning Case 2020 HS (~ 20,000 Buses)

Subnetwork – 500 kV BPA System

> Buses – 162

> Branches – 196

Applying Methods to BPA system


|

1. Results for observable buses are accurate

2. Results for external system buses and lines have around the same % error as the initial

base case and is proportional to the mismatch between the base case and real-time

solution

3. Contingencies near boundary buses may not give accurate results at the boundary

especially when boundary conditions are different in the base case

4. Adding more measurements and/or including lower voltage measurements improves the

accuracy of the results

5. Results with the larger system (300 buses) are in general better than 39 buses

Observations


|

Test with BPA System

> Method 1

> Method 2

Test Different scenarios for Method 2

> Base case with different loading than real-time scenario

> Base case with different topology in external system

> Base case with different topology in subnetwork S

Integrate with LSE and run in real-time

Work on output result displays

Next Steps


|

Area Angle Limit Monitoring

Monitoring multiple line outages inside an area using synchrophasors


|

Area-angle application

Power flow creates a phase angle Higher angles result from

> Higher power flow> Higher impedance (fewer lines carrying flow)

Angle can indicate excessive stress or a lost transmission line Area angle indicates transmission failure or overloads

Power flow into area

Power flow out of area


|

Different types of areas – Generation, Load and transfer path. The method is tested on load and transfer path areas. Select boundary buses such that they form a cutset (Cutset buses when removed

separate the area from the network). Reduction of the area gives the weights at the boundary buses. (weights are scalar

and are related to the impedance of the reduced area). Run the single line contingencies to get the thresholds (Offline computations). In real time get the PMU measurement of voltage angle at the border buses and

compute the area angle. Compare this area angle with thresholds to monitor the multiple contingencies. The method can monitor multiple line contingencies inside the area but do not

reveal which lines are outaged.

Procedure to monitor the multiple line contingencies


|

Methodology: Reduction of an Area

Any area with properly chosen border bus cutset can be reduced to a single line equivalent.


|

Monitoring multiple outages using area angle

1 2 3 1 2

Pinto

Pmaxb

Pmaxb

Pmaxb

r

s

max(0) max

int(0)

3

3

rso

rs

P PP

bθ

=

=

max(1) max

int(1)

2

2

rso

rs

P PP

bθ

=

=

r

s

1

max(2) max

int(2)

rso

rs

P PP

bθ

=

=

Pinto Pinto • The power entering into the area remains constant after outages

• Maximum power that can enter into the area decreases and area angle increases

• Area angle is a better indicator of stress

• Thresholds can be setup on area angle to monitor the multiple outages

max(2) max(1) max(0)

(2) (1) (0)rs rs rsrs rs rs

P P Pθ θ θ

< <

> >


|© Electric Power Group 2018. All rights reserved

Area Selection at BPA

• Area chosen is a part of BPA system –Mostly part of Oregon

• Single line diagram has 1377 buses and 1607 lines

• Red buses – Northern part and green buses are southern part which form a cutset

• Out of 17 border buses, 12 have PMU measurements available, 5 do not.

32

|

Challenges

Not all the border buses of the cutset have PMUs (12/17)Power flowing through the area is small – When a contingency

happens the change in the area angle is small Parallel paths have low impedance – When a contingency

happens inside the area, the power flowing through the area is not the same as in base case.


|

Current progress & Next steps

BPA area setup The code for offline computations to setup thresholds has been

optimized to run from few hours to few minutes depending upon the size of the areaChoosing a different area to minimize the effect of parallel

paths Scaling the power injections such that power flowing through

the area is large to increase the area angle under contingenciesMinimizing the area angle error due to unavailability of PMUs

at all the border bus cutset – 0 angle vs nearby border buses where we have PMUs Testing the thresholds with live PMU data


|

Voltage Stability

For a transmission corridor


|

Transmission Corridor voltage index

Most VSI applications apply to a single line or corridor This application computes an

stability index across a corridor that may consist of a number of lines. It uses PMU measurements at

both ends of the corridor to compute the voltage across the corridor


|

Methodology: Single Line Equivalent for a Transmission Corridor

The PMU measurements at both ends of a transmission corridor are requiredComplex power is computed from

the complex V & I measurementsUsing the complex power through

the system and current flow in and out of the corridor, the voltage across the corridor can be computed The index is simply the voltage

across the system divided by the load voltageHas to be set based on local limits


|

VSI reaction to loss of 2 Palo Verde Units

VSI

12.81

MALIN VOLTAGE

16.61

535.7 kV

514.8 kV


|

Loss of 3 Palo Verde Units

VSI

12.81

MALIN VOLTAGE

19.45

535.7 kV

497.3 kV


|

Loss of PDCI

VSI

12.81

MALIN VOLTAGE

22.43

535.7 kV

484.1 kV


|

Results Summary

Case Name Malin Voltage VSI (%)1 Base Case (2023 HS) 535.7 kV 12.812 Loss of 2 Palo Verde Units 514.8 kV 16.613 Loss of 3 Palo Verde Units 497.3 kV 19.454 Loss of PDCI 484.1 kV 22.43


As expected, VSI increases with increase in event severity (lower voltages)

Need to perform offline studies to set thresholds

|

VSI for various loading levels for COI


|

Progressively load COI beyond 3808 MW and run VSI for

previous contingencies to find:

Voltage Collapse Point

Set VSI Threshold for alarming

Validate off-line results in VSI Tool

Next Steps


|

Current Status & Next Steps

Completed algorithm research, proof of concept, and now move into production application development

The project is delayed due to the limited PMU coverage challenge

It’s still not late to participate in this project if interested!


|

Q & A

Thank You!

46

Ken [email protected]

Lin [email protected]

Neeraj [email protected]

�DOE Grant Award #DE-OE0000849�Acknowledgement and DisclaimerPresentation Outline Project IntroductionBackgroundProject ObjectiveTechnical Merit ParticipantsProject approachProject data flow Real-time Contingency Analysis (RTCA)RTCA OperationRTCA developmentMethodologyMethod 1Method 1Example - IEEE 39 Test SystemStepsResults – Base Case SolutionResults – Contingency Line 14 -15Method 2IEEE 300 Bus Test System - Observable BusesIEEE 300 Bus Test System - Observable BusesContingency Line 127 - 128ResultsApplying Methods to BPA systemObservationsNext StepsArea Angle Limit MonitoringArea-angle applicationProcedure to monitor the multiple line contingenciesMethodology: Reduction of an AreaMonitoring multiple outages using area angleArea Selection at BPAChallengesCurrent progress & Next stepsVoltage Stability Transmission Corridor voltage indexMethodology: Single Line Equivalent for a Transmission Corridor Index test case exampleVSI reaction to loss of 2 Palo Verde UnitsLoss of 3 Palo Verde UnitsLoss of PDCIResults SummaryVSI for various loading levels for COINext StepsCurrent Status & Next StepsQ & A��Thank You!

real time applications using linear state …...2018/04/25 · doe grant award #de-oe0000849 real...

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