realism time: mid 19 th century themes: rejection of romanticism, depiction of ordinary people in...
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RealismTime: Mid 19th CenturyThemes: Rejection of Romanticism,
Depiction of ordinary people in ordinary situations
Characteristics: Lack of drama, landscapes, subjects were common people, instead of aristocrats, emperors, mythical or classical figures
Major Figures: Courbet, Millet, DaumierAreas of Influence: France and the
NetherlandsKey Words: Everyday life, Work
ImpressionismTime: Late 19th centuryThemes: Depiction of how the world is
experienced; primacy of color over lines; candid scenes of ordinary people
Characteristics: Small, thin, choppy brush strokes; emphasis on the depiction of light; painting was done outside; depiction of movement
Major Figures: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne
Areas of Influence: FranceKey Words: Light, Outdoors, little detail
Post-ImpressionismTime: 1886-1914Themes: Extended the techniques of
Impressionism while avoiding its limitations; they thought Impressionists had lost focus and structure
Characteristics: more detailed than Impressionism; deemphasized use of light; Pointillism- small distinct dots are used to create an image; large brush strokes, as in Van Gogh; not a unified school
Major Figures: Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec
Areas of Influence: France, Key Words: Pointillism, structure, thick brush
strokes
ExpressionismTime: Early 20th CenturyThemes: Subjective portrayal of the world;
express emotions like panic, anxiety, and terror; influenced by Freud’s theory of the unconscious; concern with expressing the artist’s emotions instead of reproducing an event or object.
Characteristics: Two-dimensional; bold colors; distorted subjects; paintings that induce strong emotional reactions
Major Figures: Klee, Munch, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Van Gogh
Areas of Influence: Germany and AustriaKey Words: anxiety, dark
CubismTime: after 1910Themes: Radical break with the ancient idea that
the purpose of art is to mirror reality; influenced by African, Native American, and other “primitive” art
Characteristics: fragmented subjects; focus on shape and color; multiple perspectives of object presented at once; objects are “broken apart” and put back together into a composite of simple shapes, creating a disjointed image; brown and other neutral colors
Major Figures: Picasso, Braque, Leger, GrisAreas of Influence: France, Eastern EuropeKey Words: Shapes, non-representational, avant-
garde
Contrast QuestionsRespond to one of these prompts in a single
paragraph, 6-7 sentences long.Your response should consider both the different
artistic schools and the historical context in which the works were painted.
1. Contrast how the state and military forces are depicted in David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps and Goya’s The Third of May.
2. Contrast the depiction of workers in Pissarro’s Hay Harvest at Eragny and Courbet’s The Stone Breakers.
3. Contrast the depiction of women in two of the following: Manet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon, or Kirchner’s Erna
4. Contrast the depiction of dreams, nightmares, and the mind in Fuseli’s The Nightmare and Munch’s The Scream.