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REASON. OFFICE. STRATA. SCURVY. Frequency effects on recall Typical results show a memory advantage for high frequency words. Frequency effects on recognition Typical results show a memory advantage for low frequency words (e.g. Glanzer & Adams, 1985). RE ON. PE LE. NE LA. SC VY. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BBCS - 2004
Explaining Differential Frequency Effects in Recall and Recognition:
The Generation Gap
&
Marty Niewiadomski
Steve Joordens
University of Toronto at Scarborough
Bill Hockley
Wilfrid Laurier University
BBCS - 2004 2
REASONOFFICESTRATASCURVY
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• Frequency effects on recall
• Typical results show a memory advantage for high frequency words
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• Frequency effects on recognition
• Typical results show a memory advantage for low frequency words (e.g. Glanzer & Adams, 1985)
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n of
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PE LEPEO LEPEOPLEPEOPLE
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
NE LANEB LANEBULANEBULA
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
SC VYSCU VYSCURVYSCURVY
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
RE ONREA ONREASONREASON
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
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• Experiment 1– Generation data
0.43
0.63
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n G
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New Old
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• Experiment 1– Generation data
0.25
0.480.43
0.63
0
0.1
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0.8
Prop
ortio
n G
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0.180.25
0.150.21
0.150.20
0.610.52
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
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pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
• Experiment 1– Recognition data (overall)
0.32
0.46
0.76 0.72
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
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pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 9
0.190.26
0.22 0.26
0.130.19
0.69
0.55
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
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pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
0.410.51
0.820.74
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
• Experiment 1– Recognition data (generated items)
BBCS - 2004 10
• Experiment 1– Recognition data (non-generated items)
0.160.25
0.13 0.17 0.170.22
0.550.46
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
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pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
0.29
0.42
0.72 0.68
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
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ortio
n of
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pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 11
REASONSTRATAOFFICESCURVY
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• Experiment 2– Generation data
0.20
0.46
0.37
0.58
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Prop
ortio
n G
ener
ated
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 13
0.160.25
0.11
0.230.16
0.20
0.610.55
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
• Experiment 2– Recognition data (overall)
0.27
0.48
0.77 0.75
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
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pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 14
0.200.27
0.150.26
0.110.19
0.73
0.58
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.90
Prop
ortio
n of
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Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
• Experiment 2– Recognition data (generated items)
0.35
0.53
0.840.77
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 15
• Experiment 2– Recognition data (non-generated items)
0.140.22
0.100.19 0.18
0.22
0.550.48
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
0.24
0.41
0.73 0.70
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 16
PEO LEPEOPLEPEOPLE
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
NEB LANEBULANEBULA
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
SCU VYSCURVYSCURVY
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
REA ONREASONREASON
1=Remember OLD 2=Think OLD 3=NEW
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• Experiment 3– Generation data
0.61
0.87
0.76
0.93
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n G
ener
ated
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 18
0.170.24
0.130.22
0.120.18
0.68
0.55
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
• Experiment 3– Recognition data (overall)
0.30
0.46
0.800.73
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 19
• Experiment 3– Recognition data (generated items)
0.190.25
0.150.24
0.100.18
0.73
0.56
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
0.34
0.49
0.830.74
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 20
• Experiment 3– Recognition data (non-generated items)
0.15 0.12 0.09 0.130.19
0.11
0.55
0.23
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
Know Remember Know RememberNew Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
0.24 0.25
0.74
0.34
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Prop
ortio
n of
Old
Res
pons
es
New Old
Low FreqHigh Freq
BBCS - 2004 21
to conclude...• Generation appears to be a significant
component of the frequency paradox• in terms of the task...
– Generation of “new” items– Two tasks within one trial
BBCS - 2004 22
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