reason for hope
TRANSCRIPT
“A REASON
FOR OUR HOPE”By
Mark Copeland
In Peter’s first epistle we find this command:
1 Peter 3:15 NET But set Christ apart as Lord in
your hearts and always be ready to give an answer to anyone who asks about the
hope you possess.
We must always be ready to explain the basis of our hope... What reasons are
there for the hope we have in Christ? Let’s begin by
suggesting some facts which no one can deny, not even an atheist or an
agnostic...
FACTS WHICH CAN'T BE DENIED! 1) JESUS LIVED... Only the most
ignorant or prejudiced skeptic would question the historical record of Jesus. The reason? The evidence
from unbiased
sources: Roman historians attest to this fact. The
Roman historian Tacitus wrote concerning the
Great Fire of Rome, in book 15, chapter 44 of his
Annals (c. 116): Consequently, to get rid
of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and
inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the
populace. Christus, from
whom the name had its origin, suffered the
extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the
hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most
mischievous superstition,
thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the
first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all
things hideous and shameful from every part
of the world find their
centre and become popular. Accordingly, an
arrest was first made of all who pleaded guilty; then, upon their information, an
immense multitude was convicted, not so much of
the crime
of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind.
Mockery of every sort was added to their deaths.
Covered with the skins of beasts, they were torn by
dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or
were doomed to the flames and burnt, to serve as a
nightly illumination, when daylight had expired.
Pliny the Younger was governor of
Pontus/Bithynia from 111-113 AD. We have a
whole set of exchanges of his letters with the
emperor Trajan on a variety of administrative
political matters. Two letters are the most
famous, in which Pliny encounters Christianity
for the first time. PLINY, LETTERS 10.96-97 They asserted, however, that the sum and substance of their
fault or error had been that they were accustomed
to meet on a fixed day before dawn and
sing responsively a hymn to Christ as to a god, and
to bind themselves by oath, not to some crime, but not to commit fraud, theft, or adultery, not falsify their
trust, nor to refuse to return a trust
when called upon to do so. When this was over, it was their custom to depart and
to assemble again to partake of food but
ordinary and innocent food. Even this, they
affirmed, they had ceased
to do after my edict by which, in accordance with
your instructions, I had forbidden political
associations. Accordingly, I judged it all the more
necessary to find out what the truth was by torturing
two female slaves who were called deaconesses. But I discovered nothing
else but depraved, excessive superstition. Seutonius was a court
official and annalist under Hadrian around 120 A.D.,
who wrote in,
Life of Claudius, 25.4: “As the Jews were making
constant disturbance at the instigation of Chrestus, he
expelled them from Rome.” Luke makes
reference to this same expulsion. Acts 18:1 After
this Paul departed
from Athens and went to Corinth. 2 There he found
a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to
depart from Rome. Seutonius mentions
Christianity in Lives of the Caesars, 26.2: "Punishment by Nero was inflicted on the Christians, a class of men given to a
new and mischievous superstition."
Josephus was a Jewish general turned Roman
historian, born in 37 A.D. Much knowledge about
the culture and background of New
Testament times can be gleaned from his writings.
One important point to make is that Josephus was
not likely to be sympathetic to
Christianity, and risk Roman anger. However,
he makes several references to Jesus in
History Of The Jews, such as Antiquities XVIII, 3:3:
"At that time lived Jesus, a wise man, if he may be called a man; for he
performed many wonderful works. He was a teacher
of such men as
received the truth with pleasure. He drew over to
him many Jews and Gentiles. This was the
Christ. And when Pilate, at the instigation of the
chief men among us, had condemned him to the
cross, they who before had conceived an affection for
him did not cease to adhere to him. For on the third day he appeared to
them alive again, the divine prophets having
foretold these and
many other wonderful things concerning him.
And the sect of Christians, so called from him,
subsists to this time." In Antiquities XX, 9:1, we
find a reference to James, the brother of Jesus:
“...and brought before it the brother of Jesus, the so-called Christ, whose name was James.” The
Talmud, Books of Jewish law, speak frequently of Jesus. Denying not that
Jesus lived, only that He
was not what He or others claimed. A Samaritan
historian, Thallus (52 A.D.), tried to explain away the
darkness at the crucifixion So overwhelming is the evidence, even atheistic historians admit Jesus
lived.
(H. G. Wells, Outline Of History) The gospels and the Acts of the Apostles present a
patched and uneven record, but there can be little question that on the whole it is a quite honest
record of those early days. …regard Jesus of
Nazareth as being much more than a human
teacher, and his appearance in the world not as a natural event in history, but as something
of a supernatural sort interrupting and changing
that steady development of life towards a common consciousness and a
common will, Will Durant spent two
chapters on Jesus in his book, “The Story Of Our
Civilization”
2) EVIDENCEFOR THE
NEW TESTAMENTAS A
HISTORICALDOCUMENT
ISREMARKABLE...
Its authors claim to write as historians or even eyewitnesses to real events. a) Luke, the physician, his gospel
(Luke) and history of the early church (Acts)
compose over a third of
the New Testament. He wrote as one describing
historical events. Luke 2:1 NET Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus to
register all the empire for taxes. 2 This was the
first registration, taken when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3
Everyone went to his own town to be registered. 4 So Joseph also went up from
the town of Nazareth in Galilee to
Judea, to the city of David called Bethlehem, because
he was of the house and family line of David. Acts 1:1 NET I wrote the former
account, Theophilus, about all that Jesus began to do
and teach 2 until the
day he was taken up to heaven, after he had given orders by the Holy Spirit
to the apostles he had chosen. 3 To the same apostles also, after his suffering, he presented himself alive with many
convincing proofs. He was seen by them over a forty-
day period and spoke about matters concerning
the kingdom of God. b) John, the beloved
disciple, his gospel (John) was written as an
eyewitness account.
John 20:30 NET Now Jesus performed many other miraculous signs in the
presence of the disciples, which are not recorded in this book. 31 But these are recorded so that you may believe that Jesus is the
Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. John 21:24 NET This is the
disciple who testifies about these things and has
written these things, and we know that his
testimony is true. 25 There are many other things that Jesus did. If every one of them were written down, I suppose the whole world would not have room for the books that would be
written.
John calls himself an eyewitness. 1 John 1:1 NET This is what we proclaim to you: what was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have seen
with our eyes, what we have looked at and our
hands have touched (concerning the word of life 2 and the life was revealed, and we have
seen and testify and announce to you the
eternal life that was with the Father and was
revealed to us). 3 What we have seen and heard we announce to you too, so
that you may have fellowship with us (and indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ). 4
Thus we are writing these things so that our joy may be complete. c) Paul, the Jewish rabbi, half of the
books of the New Testament are his personal
letters. He claimed to have been an eyewitness,
along
with others. 1 Corinthians 15:3 NET For I passed on to you as of first importance
what I also received — that Christ died for our
sins according to the scriptures, 4 and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third
day according to the scriptures, 5 and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. 6 Then he
appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at one time,
most of whom
are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. 7 Then
he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. 8 Last of all, as though to one born at the wrong
time, he appeared to me also. As a historical
document, it's evidence is
remarkable! It was written soon after the events it records. As stated by
Nelson Glueck, former president of the Jewish
Theological Seminary in the Hebrew Union College
in Cincinnati, and
renowned Jewish archaeologist: “In my
opinion, every book of the New Testament was
written between the forties and eighties of the First Century A.D.’ ‘It may be stated categorically that
no archaeological discovery has ever
controverted a Biblical reference.” It is noted for its historical accuracy in areas that can be tested.
“We can already say emphatically that there is
no longer any solid basis for dating any book of the New Testament after 80 A.D.” (W. F. Albright, Biblical archaeologist)
"Luke is a historian of the first rank; not merely are
his statements of fact trustworthy, he is
possessed of the true
historic sense...in short, this author should be placed along with the
greatest of historians.“Sir William Ramsay The manuscript
attestation for the New Testament is unsurpassed
in the number
of copies for the purpose of comparison. There are
over 4,000 Greek manuscripts, 13,000 copies
of portions of the New Testament. Contrast that
with other historical documents.
Caesar's "Gallic Wars", only
10 Greek manuscripts; "Annals" of Tacitus, 2; Livy, 20; Plato, 7; Sophocles, 100 In the
time between the originals and earliest copies,
fragments exist that are
within 50-100 years; complete copies that are
within 300-400 years after the originals were written.
Compare this with manuscripts of other classical histories:
"Histories of Thucydides"
earliest copy is 1300 years removed from the original "Histories of Herodotus"
earliest copy is 1350 years removed from original.
Caesar's "Gallic War" 950 years, Roman History of
Livy - 350 years (and the earliest
copy is only a fragment)
"Histories" of Tacitus - 750 years "Annals" of Tacitus - 950 years
(and there are only two manuscripts) Variances that exist between the
ancient copies are minuscule. Only 1/2 of
one percent is in question (compared to 5 percent for the Illiad)
Even then, it can be stated: "No fundamental doctrine of the Christian faith rests on a disputed reading... It
cannot be too strongly asserted that in substance
the text of the Bible is certain: especially
is this the case with the New Testament." Sir Frederick
Kenyon (authority in the field of New Testament textual criticism) Such
evidence led to the following statement: "The
evidence for our New Testament writings are ever so much greater
than the evidence for many writings of classical
authors, the authenticity of which no one dreams of questioning. And if the New Testament were a
collection of secular writings, their authenticity
would generally be as beyond all doubt.”
(F. F. Bruce) 3) IF NOT TRUE, THE NEW TESTAMENT IS A CAREFULLY
CONTRIVED LIE... The writers of the New
Testament leave us no alternative They are either
"eyewitnesses" or "false witnesses"
1 Corinthians 15:14 NET And if Christ has not been
raised, then our preaching is futile and your faith
is empty. 15 Also, we are found to be false witnesses
about God, because we have testified against God that he raised Christ from the dead, when in reality he did not raise him, if indeed the dead are not
raised.
Either the events occurred as described, or they are
"cleverly concocted fables" 2 Peter 1:16 NET For we did not follow cleverly concocted fables when we
made known to you the power and return
of our Lord Jesus Christ; no, we were eyewitnesses
of his grandeur. 17 For he received honor and glory
from God the Father, when that voice was
conveyed to him by the Majestic Glory: "This is
my dear Son, in whom I am delighted." 18 When this voice was conveyed
from heaven, we ourselves heard it, for we were with him on the holy mountain. We cannot say they might
have been sincerely
deceived. Especially in reference to the
resurrection of Jesus They claim they ate and drank with Him afterwards. Acts 10:39 NET We are
witnesses of all the things he did both in Judea
and in Jerusalem. They killed him by hanging him
on a tree, 40 but God raised him up on the third day and caused him to be
seen, 41 not by all the people, but by us, the witnesses God had
already chosen, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
They claim they saw and touched Him. I refer you to 1 John which we read earlier: …what we have
heard, what we have seen
with our eyes, what we have looked at and our hands have touched …They leave us no room
saying they were MISTAKEN or
DECEIVED! Some sympathetic skeptics have
tried to offer this as an
Alternative. That perhaps in their grief and loss over the crucifixion of Jesus
they "hallucinated" or had grief-inspired "visions" of Jesus. But hallucinations
or visions are highly individualistic.
One person might see the hallucination or vision.
But several or many people don't see the same vision at the same time!
As outlined in the gospels and also the resurrection
appearances of Jesus were
often witnessed by many at the same time
(over 500 on one occasion!) You will recall Paul’s letter we read earlier:1 Corinthians 15:4 …
buried,…was raised on the third day according to
scriptures, 5… appeared to Cephas, ... the twelve.
6… to more than five hundred …7… to James, …all the apostles 8…he appeared to me also. So they leave us no choice;
either the New Testament is a “Book Of Truth,”
or it is a “Book of Lies” I believe I can fairly say
that no one can deny these three facts: 1) Jesus lived 2) The evidence for The
New Testament as a historical document is
overwhelming
3) If not true, it is a carefully contrived lie!
Given that these facts are undeniable, then consider with me... THESE ARE
THE FACTS, WE ARE FORCED TO MAKE A DECISION...
Concerning Jesus: We can't deny that He lived.
Therefore we must decide who He is. Is He what His followers claimed, the Son of God? Matthew 16:13 NET When Jesus came to the
area of
Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, "Who do people say that the Son
of Man is?" 14 They answered, "Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets." 15 He said to them, "But
who do you say that I am?" 16 Simon Peter
answered, "You are the Christ, the Son of the
living God." 17 And Jesus answered him, "You are
blessed, Simon son of Jonah, because flesh and
blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in heaven! Or is the New
Testament's representation of Him false? We can't deny the overwhelming evidence for the New
Testament.
We must decide concerning its historical
reliability. Will we accept it on the same basis we accept other historical
documents? If so, then will we either accept it at face
value, or reject it
and along with all other historical documents
whose evidence are much less? We cannot say that it was simply a sincere but mistaken effort to explain who Jesus was. We must decide whether it is true,
or a carefully contrived lie! It is this last issue
upon which all else truly depends! THE
IMPLICATIONS OF OUR DECISION... If the
New Testament is a carefully contrived lie...
We must concede that a book with the world's
highest standard of morality was composed by
a group of liars, frauds, and deceivers! For what book contains a higher standard of love and
morality than the New Testament? We must also concede that a book with
overwhelming evidence as a historical document was carefully put together to
deceive. Known historical names, places and events
were carefully intertwined with bold-faced lies. Solemn affirmations
concerning its truthfulness are made, intended to
deceive those to whom such affirmations were
made. We must also
concede that we know nothing about Jesus. For
outside the New Testament, there is no
reliable historical record of Jesus’ life and teachings. And how can we trust the
record of
liars, frauds, and deceivers? But is that a reasonable or logical
conclusion? If we decide that the New Testament is true...We have a reason for
our hope of salvation! It tells us of the life and
death of Jesus Christ.
And how we can receive remission of sins through
His blood! We have a reason for our hope
concerning this life! For it tells us of the teachings and promises of Jesus
Christ. And how we can
have the peace and joy only He can provide! We have a reason for our hope concerning the future! For
it tells us of His resurrection, ascension, and coming again. And
how we have the hope of
our own resurrection along with eternal life!
CONCLUSIONOne reason for hope is based upon three facts
which can't be denied... 1) Jesus lived.
2) Evidence for the New Testament as a
historical document is overwhelming
3) If not true, then it is a carefully contrived lie. To conclude that it is a carefully contrived lie
makes no logical sense. Instead, we are persuaded
it contains a sincere, truthful account of who
Jesus is and what He did. Then the New Testament, is a strong reason for the
hope that we have in Jesus Christ.