receivers for radio astronomy

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2019년 전파천문 여름학교 Receivers for Radio Astronomy 한국천문연구원 한석태 2019827

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Page 1: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

2019년 전파천문 여름학교

Receivers for Radio Astronomy

한국천문연구원

한석태

2019년 8월 27일

Page 2: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

CONTENTS

I. How to obtain observing data from stars

II. History of receiver development in Korea

Page 3: Receivers for Radio Astronomy
Page 4: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Radio Telescope

Receiver

Digital Signal Processing Computer

Astronomers

Orion

Radio Telescope system

Page 5: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Radio Telescope

Orion

Radio Telescope system

1. From Star to Radio Telescope

Page 6: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

그대(H)와 나(E)한석태

그대가(H)가 있어 내가(E) 있음을앙페르가 알려 주었고

내가(E)가 있어 그대가(H) 있음을파라데이가 알려 주었지.

그대가 나이고내가 그대라는공동운명체임을

멕스웰이 알려 주었지

우리(E,H)는홀로서는 절대로 존재할 수 없는

언제나 함께 하는 운명항상 수직으로 서로를 의지하며

너와 나는 욕심 없이모든 것을 똑같이 나누어 가진다.

우리는포인팅 벡터라는 에너지로

377옴이라는 고유 임피던스의 길을빛의 속도로

저 광활한 우주공간을누빈다.

6

= × [w/] = = 3 × 10[m/sec]

= = 120 = 377[�]

, = cos( − )

, = cos( − )Vertical/Horizontal polarization

(Ampere : 1826)

. = .

(Faraday : 1831)

. = − Φ

t¶¶

-=´ÑBE

t ¶¶

+=´ÑDJH

(Maxwell: 1873)

Page 7: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Radio Telescope

Quasi-optical circuit

Orion

Radio Telescope system

2. From Antenna to Receiver

Page 8: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

cassW

Cassegrainfocus

Dichroic filter

Quasi-optical circuit• Maximum power(beam) deliver to feed horn from antenna• Frequency Independent for wide band observations

Page 9: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

221)( ÷÷ø

öççè

æ+=

lp ow

zzzR

5.02

2 ]1[)( ÷÷ø

öççè

æ+=

oo w

zwzwpl

÷÷ø

öççè

æ= -

21tan

oo w

zplf

of

úû

ùêë

é-+-÷÷

ø

öççè

æ÷÷ø

öççè

æ= - jkzj

zRrj

zwr

zwwzrE o

0

22

)(exp

)(exp

)(),( f

lp

Gaussian

Quasi-optical circuit design based on Gaussian beam propagation

5.022 )( yxr +=where,

l Beam radius

l Radius of curvature

l Beam growth angle

)( zwr = dB686.8=

- Focal length of component and horn slant length

- Size of components, edge taper of antenna

- Antenna illumination edge taper, and horn pattern

Beam waist Beam radius :8.686 dB

Page 10: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

11

111fLLi

=+

11 LL

ww ii =

úû

ùêë

é++= )1(111

111 i

ii

rL

LL

Lr

Example : Quasi-optical circuit for CTR(Compact Triple Band Receiver)

Frequency Independent Image

Page 11: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Dielectric Lens

Ellipsoidal Mirror Feed horn

Page 12: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Radio Telescope

Receiver

Orion

Receiver

Page 13: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Heterodyne Receiver

LO : Local Oscillator

RF : Radio Frequency

IF : Intermediate Frequency

Ø The most receiver is the heterodyne receiver

RF LO

IF

Page 14: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

30dB

� = [dB]

1. Low noise amplifier

Noise figure : dB or K

Page 15: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

LO : Local Oscillator

RF : Radio Frequency

IF : Intermediate Frequency

If we apply 100 dB(i.e., )amplifications to this signal ,We obtain 4.2 only !!!!., but can make wide band width such 1 GHz or more.

= 12 = 18 = 18 × 0.6 × 3.145 × 30 × 1 × 10 × 200 × 10 = 4.2 × 10Effective flux density() : 1 Jy30 m diameter antenna Aperture efficiency : 60 %Frequency bandwidth(receiving bandwidth) : 200 MHz

Why low noise amplifier are needed for receivers

30dB30dB40dB RF

1. Low noise amplifier

Page 16: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

2. mixer

LO LO

IF RF

RF

IF

∶ = [dB]

Nonlinear I/V curve = ∆∆ =

Page 17: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Heterodyne Receiver = cos =cos

= { cos � + cos + } = ( / )= { cos � + cos + }

USB(Upper side band)

LSB(Low side band)

() ()

() ()//

USB(Upper side band)

LSB(Low side band)

2. Mixer (Frequency down convertor)

Ø Double Side Band(DSB) : LSB + USBØ Single Side Band(SSB) : LSB or USB

100 GHz 4GHz96 GHz

96 GHz 100GHz92GHz

4GHz4GHz

[Courtesy : Dr. Sasao]

92 GHz

RF

LO

IF

=cos

Page 18: Receivers for Radio Astronomy
Page 19: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

대덕전파천문대Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory

TRAO 14m Radio Telescope14m 전파망원경

한국전파천문학의 태동 (1986 . 3. )

Page 20: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

우리나라 우주전파 수신기 개발 역사

Page 21: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

curved mirror M3

curved mirror M2

telescope beam

quasi-optical sideband rejection filter

signal lens

lens for image termination

flat mirror

SRAO(SNU) 6m telescope

• RF frequency: 85-115 GHz• DSB noise: 50 K• 2002-2006

SIS mixer block

SRAO 100 GHz Receiver(2000) 이정원 박사

Page 22: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

100 GHz path

telescope beam

230 GHz path

4 K stage

20 K stage

80 K stage 1.4 GHz HEMT amplifier

• RF frequency: 210-265 GHz• Avg. SSB noise: 80 K• waveguide sideband rejection• Dual polarization by wire grid • Facility receiver: 2008-

SRAO 230 GHzReceiver(2008) 이정원 박사

Page 23: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

KVN Yonsei Radio Observatory

KVN Receiver(2003~ 2011)

4 channel receivers for simultaneous observations (2003 ~ 2011)

Page 24: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

K-band : 18~26GHzObserving bandwidths

Q-band : 35~50GHzW-band : 85~116GHz

IF bandwidthsGiven next page

Receiver noise temperature

Compact Triple band Receiver(2015~2018)

PolarizationRHCP LHCP

8~16GHz

W-band horn

K-band horn

Q-band horn

HPF

LPF Mirror

Mirror

380 mm

600 mm x 600 mm

Beams from antenna

Operation ModeSSB

Page 25: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Effelsberg 100m radio telecope, Germany

Compact Triple-band Receiver(CTR)의 국제 전파천문대 관심Germany

USA (NRAO, VLBA)

2018년 10월 European VLBI workshop 발표 자료 VLBA : 미국 우주전파 관측망

Italy

Metsahovi Radio Telescope, Finland

Millimetron 10 m space telescope, Russia

Page 26: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

EHTTaiwan (GLT : Green land telescope)

Page 27: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

국가 별 추진 상황 구분

Italy 3 셋트 구매 추진, 2019년 3월 최종 선정 완료 및 계약 추진

구매 요청

Finland 2018년 10월 방문 시스템 사양 협의1 set 2020년 하반기 구매 추진 예정

구매 요청

Germany 현재 안테나 사양 검토 중이며, 가능성이 있으면 도입협의

도입 검토

USA 도입 협의하고자 2019년 9월VLBA 시스템 총괄책임자 방문예정

도입 검토

Taiwan 100/230/345GHz 수신시스템 도입협의2019년 1월 20일 ~ 23일 방문 및 사양 검토

도입 검토

Australia 2018년 11월 Mopra 전파망원경 방문 도입 검토

Sweden 2019년 1월 화상통화, 도입 협의 도입 검토

Russia 2028년 우주망원경 수신기 도입 검토 도입 검토

Japan 2016년 K-/Q-band 초소형 수신기 설치KVN과 연결 연구 수행

관측 운영 중

Spain 2015년K-/Q-band 초소형 수신기 설치연구수행, 금년 W-band 설치 예정

관측 운영 중

Compact Triple-band Receiver(CTR)의 국제 수탁 과제 수주 및 추진 현황 요약

Page 28: Receivers for Radio Astronomy
Page 29: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

Radio Telescope

Receiver

Digital Signal Processing Computer

Astronomers

Orion

A various research fields

Page 30: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

맺음말Ø Pride

- Many radio telescope such TRAO, KVN, ALMA, JCMT- Leading for Science and Technology

Be ambitious !

Hertz30

여러분 중에서 한사람Ampere MaxwellFaraday

Page 31: Receivers for Radio Astronomy

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Not only I am very much proud of my colleagues and their achievements,But also I would like to really appreciate for their perspiration and passion for KVN

Thanks for your attention