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Recent Collections of the Sino・HimalayanMeconopsis (Papaveraceae)

Hideaki OHBAa， Shinobu AKIYAMAb and Su.・・KungWuc

aDepartment of Botany， University Museum， University of Tokyo， 7-3-1， Hongo， Tokyo， 113-0033 JAPAN;

E-mail: h-ohba@sd.dcns.ne.jp bDepartment of Botany， National Science Museum，

Amakubo， Tsukuba， 305-0005 JAPAN; 'lIerbarium， Kunming Botanical Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Science，

Kunming， Yunnan， 650204 CHINA

(Received on May 13， 2006)

The specimens of Meconopsis which were recently collected in the Sino-Himalayan regions were identified based on monographic papers by Taylor (1934)， Grey-Wilson (2000)， Ohba (2006)， and others. Although the taxonomy of Meconopsis horridula and the allied species is still insufficient， five species， M. racemosa， M. horridula， M. prattii， M. rudis， M. prainiαna，紅 'ehere recognized with some transitional forms among them. Notes紅 egiven for each species except for M. integrψlia and M. pseudo-integrifolia. A new name， M. psilonomma Farrer v紅 .sinomaculata (Grey-Wilson) H. Ohba is proposed.

Key words: Hengduan Mountains， Himalaya， Meconopsis， taxonomy， Tibetan Plateau.

The genus Meconopsis， distributed dis四

junctively in Europe and Sino-Himalaya， has been studied by several workers since Prain (1895， 1915) and Taylor (1934). Grey-Wilson (2000) published a rather well-prepared comment紅 y of the all known species with many photographs， and Wu and Chuang (1999) treated the Chinese species.

Recently Ohba (2006) published an ac-count of the genus Meconopsis in Japanese， in which he recognized 50 species with some uncertain ones. Since 1983 a large amount of

the specimens of Meconopsis have been col-

lected from various areas in the Sino-Himalayan region. During their determina-tions we have noticed some remarkable

occu町encebeyond the known range and

extraordinal variations in some species. This paper aims to publish a new name and list the specimens newly obtained with neces-S紅ynotes on the occu町enceor variations.

1) Meconopsis bella Prain in J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 63: 82 (1894) -G. Taylor， Acc. Meconopsis: 105 (1934) - Grey-Wilson，

Poppies: 159 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconop-

sis: 189， fig. 25 (2006). Specimens col1ected: Nepal. Dhaulagiri Zone，

Mustang Distr.， around Ommang， alt. 4330 m (T. Hoshino & al. 9666120， 1 Aug. 1996， TI); Muktinath，

alt. 3650-4200 m (Y. Iokawa & al. 20020231， 15 Jul. 2000， TI); Gandaki Zone， Gorkha Distr.， around Thangmanang Kharka， alt. 3740 m (M. Suzuki & al.， 9485324， 6 Aug. 1954， TI); Sagarmatha Zone，

Solukhumbu Distr.， around Khola Lharka， alt. 4100 m (M. Wakabayashi & al. 9715099， 7 Aug. 1997， TI).

This is distributed in a n紅rowrange from Central Nepal eastward to Bhutan， and seems to be common in Mustang and Gorkha

Districts in Central Nepal near the westem border of the range.

2) Meconopsis dhwojii G. Taylor ex T. Hay in New Fl. Silva 4: 225， fig. 82

-289-

N

。。

瀧∞】枇附

W加凶山叩

苗品性器明間諜耕

川市町抑日∞防相

5泊

Fig. 1. Left. Meconopsls dhwojii G. Taylor ex T. Hay. Nepal. Bgmati Zone: Rasuwa Distr.， Langtang-Kyangjin Kharka (H. Takayama & al. 9239138， TI).

Right. M. pseudohorridula C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang. China. Yunnan: Deqen Xian， Suola (S. Wu & al. 103539， TI).

October 2006 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 5 291

(1932) -G. Taylor， Acc. Meconopsis: 37 (1934) - Grey-Wilson， Poppies: 170 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconopsis: 151， fig. 11 (2006). [Fig. 1， right]

Specimens collected: Nepal. Gosainkund， alt. 4250 m (S. B. Malla & H. Kanai 674903，26 Aug. 1969， TI); Gosair削 ndLake， alt. 426q m (H. Kanai & S. B. Mall 15087， 27 Aug. 1969， TI); Gopte-Gosaikund， alt. 12000 ft (Saman & Bista 13215， 14 Jun. 1969， TI); Bagmati Zone， Rasuwa Distr.， Langtang-Kyangjin Kharka， alt. 3450 m (H. Takayama & al. 9239138， 13 Jul. 1992， TI).

This has been considered erromeously as a poor individual of M. paniculat，αPrain， but well distinguished from that by the spreading hairs on capsules and hairs on leaves with a blackish red purple base. A resembling species， M econopsis gracil伊esG. Taylor，

differs from this in having more or less caducous hairs without blackish red purple base， and capsules with ascending hairs. The collections from Gosainkund are noticeable，

because the type localities of two related species， M. paniculata and M. napaulensis DC.， are Gosainkund. We have examined no specimens of the interspecific hybrids between M. dhwojii and these species col-lected there.

3)時feconopsisgrandis Prain in J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 64: 320 (1895) -G. Taylor，

Acc. Meconopsis: 68 (1934) -Grey-Wilson，

Poppies: 175 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconop-sis: 179， fig. 24 (2006).

Specimen collected: Nepal. Koshi Zone， Sankhuwa Sabha Distr.， Dasa， alt. 3880 m (M. Suzuki & al. 885060， TI).

The plant has purple flowers with orange coloured anthers. . Meconopsis grandis rang-ing from eastem Nepal to Bhutan through Sikkim and S Tibet， seems to be rather rare in Nepal except for the far eastem訂 ea.

4) Meconopsis impedita Prain in Kew Bull. 1915: 162 (1915) -G. Taylor， Acc. Meconopsis: 82 (1934) - Grey-Wilson， Poppies: 183 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconop-

sis: 213， fig. 49 (2006). Specimens collected: China. Sichuan. Daocheng

Xian， aroung Gongga Shan， 4620 m (S. Wu & al. 56，

5 Aug. 1997， KUN， TI); between Xiaocheng and Sandui; pass at summit of Wuming Shan， 2908'2"E， 10002'33"N， 4600-4700 m (D. E. Boufford & al.

28160， 2 July 1998， TI). Yunnan. Zhongdian Xian，

Haba Xueshan， Haba Hai， 4400 m (S. Wu & al. 103908， 8 Aug. 1999， KUN， TI).

This is well distinguished from the other species by the sparsely strigose-hairy entire or shallowly sinuate leaves with pale green undersurface， the cylindrical， usuallly unbranched rootstock to 1 cm across and the solitary blue purplish flowers. Wu & al. 103908 has blackish pu中lered anthers， but those of others examined are ivory before dehiscence.

5) Meconopsis horridula and the allied speCles The delimitation of M. horridula and the

allied has still diversed by workers. Taylor (1934) regarded all the following species as the synonyms of M. horridula. 1n this list of the specimens we follow Grey-Wilson (2000) tentatively， except for the treatment of M. prainina.

a. Meconpsis racemosa Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 23: 310 (1877).

[Fig. 2， le白]Specimens collected in China. Xizang (Tibet).

Zongang Xian， Dongda La， border of Markam and Zogang X阻止 alt.5100-5300 m (D. E. Boufford & al. 29486， 17 July 2000， A， TI).

b. Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. &

Thomson， Fl. 1nd. 1: 252 (1855) -Grey-Wilson， Poppies: 179 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconopsis: 210， fig. 48 (2006).

[Fig. 2， right] Specimens collected in China. Sichuan. Daocheng

Xian， Haixi， 4560 m (S. Wu & al. 2287， 18 Aug. 1996，

KUN， TI). Xizang (Tibet). Maizhokunggar Xian， Mt.

Milha Shan， 4900 m (S. G. Wu & al. 106067，6 Aug. 2001， KUN， TI); (S. Akiyama & al. 106417， 6 Aug. 2001， KUN， TI); Biru Xian， Xiaquka， between Sog

M市WM

瀧∞回締

鞘凶山叩

苗蓮司哨間帯叫'

川市岡

WH∞骨

5泊

Fig. 2. Left. Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson. China. Xizang: Biru Xian， between Sog Xian and Nagqu (D. E. Boufford & al. 30011， TI). Right. M. racemosa Maxim. China. Xizang (Tibet): Zongang Xian， Dongda La (E. E. Boufford & al. 29486， TI).

October 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 5 293

Xian and Nagqu (Nakchu)， alt. 4300 m (D. E. Boufford

& al. 30011， 11 Aug. 2000， TI); Maizhokunggar Xian，

ca. 5 km W of pass on road between Maizhokunggar (Medro Gongkar) and Linzhi (Nyingtri)， E of the town

of Maizhokunggar (Medro Gongkar)， alt. 4800m (D. E.

Boufford & al. 30022， 13 Aug. 2000， TI).

Chinese plants determined as M. horridula 紅edifferent from these of the Himalayan regions in having so many flowers against a

single or few flowers of the Himalayan ones. The Chinese plants seems to be derived from Meconopsis racemosa Maxim. from which they lost the aerial stems with numerous leaves and also inflorescnece axes.

c. Meconopsis prattii (Prain) Prain in Curtis， Bot. Mag. 140: tab. 8568 (1914) -Grey-Wilson， Poppies: 194 (2000)， excl. M. prainiana Kingdon-Ward in syn. -H. Ohba，

Meconopsis: 193， fig. 35 (2006). [Fig. 3， right]

Specimens collected: China. Sichuan. Daochen

Xian， around Gongga Shan， 3850 m (S. Wu & al. 52，

3 Aug. 1997， KUN， TI); Xia吋inXian， Rilong-a pass

of Balang Shan-Wenchuan Xian， Wolong， 4310 m (H.

Ikeda & al. 100166， 6 Sept. 1998， KUN， TI); Xiangcheng Xian， Reda Lincha upstream on Mayi River from the town of Reda， 2908'31 "E， 99038'59"N，

3450-3500 m (D. E. Boufford & al. 28848， 17 July

1998， A， TI). Xizang (Tibet). Baxoi Xian， Rawu-Bax

oi， 4400 m (S. Akiyama & al. 105753， 4 Aug. 2000，

KUN， TI); Markam Xian， Markam-a village ca. 10 km NW of Markam-Markam， 3900 m (S. Akiyama & al. 105428， 13 July 2000， KUN， TI); Markam Xian， be-tween Markam and Zogang， alt. 4280m (D. E.

Boufford & al. 29445， 15 July 2000， A， TI).

Meconopsis prattii and also M. prainiana can produce as many as 15 flowers without conspicuous leafy bract， two or three of which open similtaneously. The flowers of M. prattii has widely spreading pedicels usu-ally shorter than 1.5 cm long. In Wu & al. 52 the plant on the left side is a transitional form btween M. prattii and M. rudis.

d. Meconopsis rudis (Prain) Prain in Ann. Bot. 20: 347 (1906) -Grey-Wilson， Poppies: 205 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconopsis: 189， fig.

33 (2006). [Fig. 3， left] Specimens collected: China. Sichuan. Daochen

Xian，訂oundGongga Shan， 4700 m (S. Wu & al. 1182， 4 Aug. 1997， KUN， TI). Yunnan. Deqen Xian，

Mt. Baima Xueshan， 4435 m (S. Akiyama & al. 1020， 26 July 2001， KUN， TI). Lijiang Xian， Qilanbiao，

Yulong Xueshan， 3500-3900 m (M. Kato & al. 2320，

1 Aug. 1988， KUN， TI). Zhongdian Xian. Da Xue Shan， 4120-4440 m (S. K. Wu & al. 1156， 26 Sept. 1994， KUN， TI); 3600-4200 m (S. K. Wu & al. 0035，

28 Sept. 1994， KUN， TI); Hong Shan， 4280 m (S. Wu

& al. 103426， 1 Aug. 1999， KUN， TI).

The typical form is distinguished clearly from M. horridula or M.. racemosa by the blue green， oblong-elliptic or n紅rowlyobllong leaveswith rather wide petioles， and the sparse prominent spine-like bristles on leaves with blackish red purple basal blotches.

The height is usually 20 to 25 cm and seldom more than 25 cm like M. prattii and M. prainiana. The racemes are condensed with 6 to 10 flowers， two or three of which open similtaneously. Akiyama & al. 1020 from Mt. Baima Xueshan (Deqen Xian) is a transitional form between M. rudis and M. prattii， with blackish botched base of hairs on leaves.

e. Meconopsis prainiana Kingdon-W ard in Garden 90: 115 (Feb. 1926); in Gard. Chron.， ser. 3， 79: 308 (Apr. 1926); in Ann. Bot. 40: 540 (1926); in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 52: 24 (1927) -H. Ohba， Meconopsis: 196，

with photos (2006). [Fig. 4] Specimen examined: China. Xizang (Tibet).

Nyingchi Xian， between the cities of Linzhi (Nyingchi) and Bomi (Pome); S司i(Serkyim) La， alt. 4500 m (D.

E. Boufford & al. 30116， 17 Aug. 2000， TI).

The type of this species was collected at Temo La， SE Tibet， and was regarded as a merely robust form of M. horridula by Taylor (1934). Grey-Wilson (2000) reduced this in the synonymy of M. prattii. The typi-cal form of M. prainiana becomes more than 60 cm tall and has lanceolate or narrowly ovate leaves rather sparsely with co紅 sespine-like bristles 3-7 mm long without

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October 2006 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 5 295

Fig. 4. Meconopsis prainiana Kingdon-Ward. China. Xizang (Tibet): Nyingchi Xian， Seji (Serkyim) La (D. E. Boufford & al. 30116， TI).

296 植物研究雑誌第81巻第5号 平成18年10月

blackish basal blotches and nornamlly 4 or 5 petaled flowers 5-7 cm wide， and differs from M. prattii with plants usually less than 60 cm tall， ascending pedicels longer than 5 em long， and leaves with relatively soft

hairs. However transitional forms between them have been collected in Tibet as follows:

Baxoi Xian， A吋iuLa， between N of Rawu (Raog) and Baxoi (Paksho)， alt. 4480-4650 m (D. E. Boufford & al. 29724， 27 July 2000， TI); loc. cit.， alt. 4400 m (S. Akiyama & al. 105753， 4 Aug. 2000， TI).

6) Meconopsis pseudohorridula C. Y.

Wu & H. Chuang ex H. Chuang， Fl. Xizang. 2: 234 (1999). [Fig. 1， left]

Specimens collected: China. Yunnan. Deqen Xian，

Meili Xueshan， Suola， 4500 m (S. Wu & al. 103539， 21 Aug. 1999， KUN， TI). Tibet. Nyingchi Xian:

Between Linzhi (Nyingchi) and Bomi (Pome)， S司i(Serkyim) La， 4600m (D. E. Boufford & al. 30117， 17

Aug. 2000， TI).

This species seems to approach to M. pseudovenusta G. Taylor in having pinnate leaves with pale green undersurface and thick cylindrical， unbranched rootstock. The corolla usually consists of four petals， but sometimes of 5 or 6 ones. The conspicuous spreading bristle hairs on stalks and blue petals of this紅 eremarkable points to distin-guish this from M. pseudovenusta and also suggest the similarity with M. horridula.

7) Meconopsis psilonomma Farrer var.

sinomaculata (Grey-Wilson) H. Ohba [Meconopsis: 206， fig. 42 (2006)， comb.

nud.]， comb. et stat. nov. Meconopsis sinomaculata Grey-Wilson in

The Plantsman， n. S.， 8: 227 (2002).

Meconopsis psilonomma is similar to M.

henricii but distinguishable by the height at-taining 25 to 35(-60) cm tall and the rela-tively large flowers (7-9 cm wide) with ascending petals. Variety sinomaculata diι fers from var. psilonomma in having blotched corolla (Grey-Wilson 2002).

8) Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 389 (1886) -G. Taylor， Acc. Meconopsis: 57 (1934)， pro p紅白， excl. M. pseudointegrifolia in syn. -Grey-Wilson in New Plantsman 3:

30 (1996); Poppies: 184 (2000) -H. Ohba，

Meconopsis: 168， fig. 20 (2006). Specimens collected: China. Sichuan. Daocheng

Xian， around Gongga Shan， (Beiyu， a pasture)， 3920-4580 m (S. Wu & al. 2303， 22 Aug. 1996， KUN， TI). Xiaojin Xian， Rilong-a pass of Balang Shan-Wenchu an Xian， Wolong， 4310 m (H. Ikeda 100164， 6 Sept. 1998， KUN， TI).

Subsp. lijiangensis Grey-Wilson in New

Plantsman 3: 33 (1996); Poppies: 185 (2000).

Specimens collected: China. Sichuan. Daocheng

Xian， around Gongga Shan， 4650 m (S. Wu & al. 66， 6 Aug. 1997， KUN， TI); Xiangcheng Xian， around Wuming Shan， 4400 m (S. Wu & al. 1004， 27 July 1997， KUN， TI).

9) Meconopsis pseudointegrifolia Prain in Ann. Bot. 20: 353 (1906) -Grey-Wilson in New Plantsman 3: 33 (1996); Poppies: 196 (2000) -H. Ohba， Meconopsis: 171， fig. 21 (2006). Meconopsis integrifolia auct. non Prain:

G. Taylor， Acc. Meconopsis: 57 (1934). Specimens collected: China. Yunnan. Zhongdian

Xian， Haba Xueshan， Haba Hai， 4050 m (S. Wu & al. 103493， 11 Aug. 1999， KUN， TI). Xizang (Tibet).

Mozhugongka Xian， Mila mountain (S. G. Wu & al.

106075， 6 Aug. 2001， KUN， TI).

The history， diagnostic characters and dis司

tribution are fully mentioned by Grey-Wilson (1996， 2000).

This is P紅tlysupported by a Grant-in-Aid

for Scientific Research (A) from Japan Society for Promotion of Science， No. 18255004 in 2006 (to H. 0.).

References

Grey-Wilson C. 1996. Meconopsis integrifolia， the

yellow poppywort and its allies. The New

Plantsman 3: 22-39.

October 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 5 297

一一一 2000.Poppies. A guide to the Poppy Family in

the Wild and in Cultivation. Revised edition.

Timber Press， Inc.， Portland.

一一-2002. A new Blue Poppy from westem China.

The Plantsman， n. s. 2002: 221-227.

Ohba H. 2006. Meconopsis， Himalaya-no-Aoi-Keshi. Yama-Kei Publishers Co.， Ltd.， Tokyo (in Japanese

with Latin names).

Prain D. 1895. Noviciae indicae IX. Some additional

大場秀章a，秋山忍、b， 武 素 功C' 中国・ヒマラ

ヤ地区から最近採集されたメコノプシス属植物

(ケシ科)

ケシ科 Meconopsisは， ヨーロッパに分布する

1種を除き，すべての種が中国・ヒマラヤ (Sino-

Himalaya) 地区に産する.その分類にはまだ多く

の問題が残されている.ある種が示す変異性をカ

ノTーするに足る標本が採集されていなことに起因

する同一種の細分化が種の扱いにたいして諸説

を生む背因となっていることが多い.

本稿は日本ならびにアメリカの調査チームによ

り最近中国・ヒマラヤ地区で採集された同属の標

本についての同定結果を報告するものである.著

者の 1人，秋山はヒマラヤ，チベット及び横断山

脈でこの属の植物を実地に観察し，変異性につい

ての知見を蓄えた.大場は2006年に日本語による

この属の概説書を山と渓谷社(東京)から出版し，

本属に53種(うち 3種は付記とした)を認めた.

同定では著者のこうした経験にもとづくノートを

関連する種の項に記した.

1) Meconopsis bella Prain ネパール中部からブー

タンに分布する小形の種である.分布の西限に近

いムスタンとゴルカ地区では礁の多い草地に稀で

はないようだ.

2) Meconopsis dhwojii G. Taylor ex T. Hay ネノfー

ルでは亜高山帯から高山帯下部に普通にみられる

黄花の高茎種Meconopsis paniculataに似るが，果

実に水平に聞出する刺毛を生じるなどの違いがあ

る.

3) Meconopsis grandis Pr泊n. ネノfールからシッ

キム，ブータンとチベット南部に分布するが，東

ネパールとシッキム地方との境界地域を除くネパー

ルでの分布は限られているようだ.

4) M econopsis impedita Prain. 形態から

Meconopsis horridulaに近縁と考えられるが，葉が

楕円形または倒披針形で，鋸歯はなく，まばらに

毛を生じ，薪果が狭楕円形になることなどで明瞭

に区別される.

Papaveraceae. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 64: 105-129.

一 一 1915.Some additional species of Meconopsis.

Kew Bull. 1915(4): 129-177.

Taylor G. 1934. An account of the Genus Meconop-

sis. New flora and Silva Ltd.， London.

Wu C. Y. and Chuang H. 1999. Meconopsis. Flora

Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 32: 7-51. Science

Press， BeりinCin Chinese with Latin names).

5) Meconopsis horridula Hook.工&Thomsonと

近縁種.ヒマラヤの青いケシとして知られる表記

の種は，広い変異性を有するようにみえる.それ

が本当にひとつの種の変異性なのか，それとも近

似の複数種を混同した見かけ上のものなのか，今

後の検討課題である.いくつかの型があり，その

標本と特徴などを記した.Meconopsis racemosa

Maxim.はMeconopsishorridulaに似るが，地上茎

があり，花は花序につく .Meconopsis horridulaは，

その地上茎がほとんど消失し，花が地際から多数

叢生するように変わった型であるとも考えられる.

Meconopsis prattii (Prain) Prain は Meconopsis

racemosaに似て多数の花をもっ地上茎をもつが，

花柄は短く水平に開出する Meconopsisrudis

(Prain) Prainは小形で，その葉は青銅色で，刺毛

の基部が黒紅紫色となり目立つ Meconopsis

prainiana Kingdon-Wardは高茎種で，高さは通常

60 cmを超える.多数の花からなる花序をもつが，

花柄は斜上し，長さは 5cm以上になる.

6) Meconopsis pseudohorridula C. Y. Wu & H.

Chuang チベットと雲南で採集した標本を検討し

たが，本種は Meconopsispseudovenusta G. Taylor

とM.horridulaの中間に位置づけられる種と考え

られた.

7) Meconopsis psilonomma Farrer var. sinomaculata

(Grey-Wilson) H. Ohba Grey-Wilsonが記載した M.

sinomaculataをM.psilonommaの変種と考察した.

8) Meconopsか integrifolia(Maxim.) Franch.と9)

Meconopsis pseudointegrifoUαPrain この 2種につ

いては未だ混同されているところもあるが，

Grey-Wilson (1996， 2000) により詳しく論評され

ている.最近の採集品を追加した.

(a東京大学総合研究博物館，

b国立科学博物館植物研究部，

c中国科学院昆明植物研究所)