reclamation of contaminated soil after solidification ... · reclamation of contaminated soil after...
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Reclamation of Contaminated Soil After Solidification/Stabilization
Treatment
Example of port pavement optimization in the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal
JEAN-PHILIPPE BOUDREAULT, ENG. ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE JEAN-SÉBASTIEN DUBÉ, ENG., PH.D. ÉCOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE SUPÉRIEURE HUGO BRASSARD, ENG. MONTREAL PORT AUTHORITY
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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PART I:
Introduction to solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment
PART II:
Project carried out in the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal PART III:
Optimization of pavement design by value-added integration of S/S treatment
CONCLUSIONS
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PART I: INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION
TREATMENT
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INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT
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S/S TREATMENT • Consists of incorporating a binding reagent (e.g. cement), water and
additives into the contaminated material to render it environmentally safe (immobilization of contaminants)
DOUBLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION • Stabilization: chemical changes that reduce the solubility of
contaminants • Solidification: physical changes leading to encapsulation of the soil
in a cement matrix, reduction of its hydraulic conductivity and an increase in its strength
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INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT
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S/S TREATMENT HAS BEEN USED FOR OVER 50 YEARS • 1950s for treatment of radioactive waste; • 1970s for treatment of hazardous waste.
S/S TREATMENT IS PROVEN FOR SEVERAL TYPES OF MATRICES • Soils, sediments, sludge, residual materials.
S/S IS APPLIED IN MANY COUNTRIES • Canada, United States, Europe (France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, etc.)
S/S TREATMENT IS DEMONSTRATED FOR SEVERAL TYPES OF CONTAMINANTS • Metal contamination (main use); • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); • Persistent organics: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans; • Tar, refinery residues, etc.
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INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT
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SUPERFUND – U.S. From 1982 to 2008: 22% of the treatment projects
completed resorted to solidification/stabilization
Source: USEPA, 2010
Rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as Best Demonstrated Available Technology for inorganic contamination
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S/S TREATMENT: IN SITU PROCESS
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S/S TREATMENT: EX SITU PROCESS
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INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT
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Treatability study Laboratory
In situ pilot test
Full-scale treatment
Site characterization
Phased treatment process
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INTRODUCTION TO S/S TREATMENT
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§ Compression strength § Tensile strength § Durability (freeze/thaw or wetting/
drying cycle) § Hydraulic conductivity § Relative compaction § Density and water content § Absorption and particle density § Granulometric analysis
Physical tests Chemical tests
§ Total extractable concentrations § Static leaching (TCLP, SPLP, water) § Dynamic leaching (diffusivity) § Solubility of contaminants § Acidity neutralization capacity § Mineralogical analyses
Quality control program
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PART II: PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN THE VIAU SECTOR OF THE PORT
OF MONTREAL
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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Project context
Need: - Increase container storage capacity in the
Port of Montreal to support the growing demand
Objective: - Requalify the Viau Sector as a container
storage sector with a capacity of 150,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units)
Work: - Overall project of $30.6 million - Area of around 90,000 m2
- Project divided into three phases
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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Summary of the work
PHASE 1: Soil consolidation Demolitions of existing buildings and
infrastructure
Reconstruction of main infrastructure (power grid and mains)
Surface compaction for the zone above the caissons
Dynamic compaction
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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PHASE 2: Relocation of the railway tracks
Construction of new marshalling yard
for the grain terminal
Construction of a new link with the existing railway system
Summary of the work
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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PHASE 3: Site development Construction of underground
infrastructure: storm sewer, aqueduct, power grid
Construction of the new pavement structure
Construction of driving surfaces and manoeuvring areas
Development of new LED lighting towers
Summary of the work
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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PAVEMENT THICKNESS • Very high costs for construction of the new port pavement
- Costs related to soil excavation
- Costs related to burial of contaminated soil
- Costs related to importing of a considerable quantity of granular materials
PROPOSED SOLUTION: Reuse of contaminated soil as a subbase material following solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment
Problem
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 1: Construction of a reserve pile of contaminated soil
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 2: Mixing in a mobile pugmill
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 3: Transport and placement of treated soil
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 4: Compaction and wet curing of treated soil
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S treatment of contaminated soil Stage 5: Quality control (core sampling and production of specimens)
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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S/S monolith recovered during curing
S/S monolith exposed after curing
S/S treatment of contaminated soil General views of the site (S/S work in progress)
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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• DURATION OF S/S TREATMENT: • 3 weeks (day and night)
• TOTAL VOLUME OF S/S MONOLITHIC MASS: • 19,000 m3 (area of about 65,000 m2)
• PERFORMANCE TESTS: • 44 test series (~1 series/500 m3) and additional core sampling on site
• QUANTITY OF TREATED SOIL • 35,000 m.t. of contaminated soil subjected to S/S treatment
S/S treatment of contaminated soil Large-scale S/S treatment
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REDEVELOPMENT OF THE VIAU SECTOR, PORT OF MONTREAL
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TEST PROJECT CRITERION MDDEFP CRITERION
PHYSICAL TESTS Tensile strength (at 28 days) > 1.8 MPa -
Compression strength (at 28 days)
> 3.5 MPa > 3.5 MPa
Hydraulic conductivity < 10-7 cm/s < 10-7 cm/s
Physical alteration < 10% loss of material at 21 cycles (freeze/thaw)
< 10% loss of material at 12 cycles (optional)
CHEMICAL TESTS
SPLP leaching < potability criteria < potability criteria
Water leaching < potability criteria < potability criteria
Diffusivity (leachability index) > 9 > 9
Performance criteria specific to the project
S/S treatment of contaminated soil
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PART III: OPTIMIZATION OF PAVEMENT DESIGN BY VALUE-ADDED
INTEGRATION OF S/S TREATMENT
Taken from the presentation made at the 49th Annual Congress of the Association québécoise des transports (Boudreault et al, 2014)
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EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION
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RUBBER-TIRED GANTRY CRANE FRONT-END LOADER
Number of trips projected for the new port pavement - Rubber-tired gantry crane: 200,000 trips over 20 years - Front-end loader: 80,000 trips over 20 years - Tractor-trailer: 3,000,000 trips over 20 years
TRACTOR-TRAILER
Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal
Traffic loads
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EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION
Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal
Overall structure (container storage and handling)
Preliminary design (975 mm thickness) Optimized design (810 mm thickness)
Granular material MG20
Asphalt pavement 210 mm
300 mm
300 mm
Water table
Subgrade
S/S Monolith
810
mm
Granular material MG56
Granular material MG20
Asphalt pavement 225 mm
300 mm
450 mm
975
mm
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EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION
Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Structural analysis of the pavement
Comparison of the overall pavement structures
LOAD
Rubber-tired gantry crane
Front-end loader
Tractor-trailer
Number of admissible trips
152 000
200 000
4 194 000
Preliminary design (975 mm)
Number of admissible trips
62 000
117 000
3 414 000
Optimized design with S/S (810 mm) and degradation
Number of admissible trips
256 000
322 000
4 377 000
Optimized design with S/S (810 mm)
Number of admissible trips = Pavement durability
x 161 %
x 168 %
x 104 %
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EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION
Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Modelling of stresses transmitted to the S/S monolith
LOAD
Rubber-tired gantry crane
Front-end loader
Tractor-trailer
Stress at the base of the S/S monolith
0,7 MPa
0,9 MPa
0,2 MPa
Optimized design with S/S (810 mm)
Serves to establish a physical perfomance criterion
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EXAMPLE OF PAVEMENT OPTIMIZATION
Redevelopment of the Viau Sector of the Port of Montreal Drainage system of the pavement
Granular material MG20
Asphalt pavement
S/S Monolith
Perforated drain connected to the manhole
Opening in the S/S monolith at the lowest points
Water flow
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S/S TREATMENT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO REALIZE:
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- CONSIDERABLE SAVINGS ON AN ENTIRE PROJECT - Estimated at approximately $2.1 million by the Port of Montreal (over a project phase of
approximately $5 million) for redevelopment of the Viau Sector
- CONSTRUCTION OF A DURABLE PAVEMENT - Increase in the structural strength of the foundation of the port pavement compared
to a conventional pavement
- Increase in the pavement’s lifespan (increased number of admissible trips)
- SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- Safe on site reclamation of contaminated soil
- Long-term control of the risks of migration of contamination
- Reduction of transport and off site burial of contaminated soil
- Minimization of importing of clean (and/or granular) materials for backfilling
- Reduction of transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions