reconstruction to populism 1860’s to 1890’s. chapter 17 reconstruction – process of reuniting...
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Reconstruction to Populism1860’s to 1890’s
• Chapter 17• Reconstruction – process of reuniting the nation
1865-1877• Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln proposal• Wade-Davis Bill• 13th Amendment – Dec. 18, 1865 – made slavery
illegal in US• Freedmen’s Bureau – aid group for poor people in
south• Andrew Johnson• Black Codes – deprived black people of basic rights• Radical Republicans – politicians most in favor of
equal rights for minorities
Andrew Johnson 17th President
Freedmen’s Bureau
Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gave blacks the same legal rights as whites
• 14th Amendment – July 28, 1868 – all people born or naturalized in US are citizensUlysses S. Grant elected President in 1868
• Reconstruction Acts – banned ex-confederates from voting or holding political office – placed South under military rule - 1867
• 15th Amendment – March 30, 1870 – gave black men the right to vote
• Republican-dominated governments with black support in south
• Carpetbaggers/Scalawags
• Hiram Revels – 1870 – first black man to be elected to the U.S. Senate – from Mississippi
• Ku Klux Klan – formed in 1866 in Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest/ 2nd KKK formed in 1915
• General Amnesty Act of 1872• Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes
becomes President• Compromise of 1877• Reconstruction ends– whites are returned political
privileges
Ulysses S. Grant18th President
Rutherford B. Hayes – 19th President
Hiram Revels
States that went through Reconstruction
Nathan Bedford Forrest
• Civil Rights Act of 1875 – guaranteed all people equal rights in public places – later declared unconstitutional
• Redeemers – Southern democrats• Jim Crow Laws – laws that required racial
segregation in the South – poll tax, literacy test, public segregation
• Plessy vs. Ferguson – 1896 – Supreme Court rules that “Separate but Equal” is legal
• Many Southern blacks continue to do the same work for the same person that had been their owner before the Civil War - sharecropping
Indian Wars in the West• American expansion westward brought
conflict with Indian tribes – Manifest Destiny• Conflicts lasted from 1860’s to 1890• Most tribes were moved to reservations• Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 - Colorado• War with the Sioux – 1874-1876 - Dakotas• Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse – Sioux leaders• Battle of the Little Bighorn – June 25, 1876 –
George Armstrong Custer
• Buffalo Soldiers – black soldiers
• War with the Navajo and Apache – 1860’s to 1880’s
• Geronimo
• Massacre at Wounded Knee – 1890 – South Dakota – Indian Wars are over
Crazy Horse Sitting Bull George Armstrong Custer
Custer’s Last Stand
Aftermath at Wounded Knee
Geronimo
The Wild West• Mining, Ranching, and Farming were the big
reasons for westward movement
• Pony Express – 1860’s
• Transcontinental Railroad – 1862-1869
• Mining towns were know as Boomtowns – gold/silver
• Cattle Kingdom – Texas to Canada – Cowboys
• Range Wars
• 1862 – Homestead Act
• Sodbusters
Pony Express
Transcontinental Railroad
2nd Industrial Revolution – 1850’s to 1890’s
• New power sources – petroleum/oil, electricity
• Led to new transportation expansion
• 1. Railroads – 193,000 miles of track by 1900
• 2. Cars – 1893
• 3. Airplanes – 1903 – Wright Brothers – Kitty Hawk, NC
• 1876 – Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
• 1879 – Electric Light Bulb – Thomas Edison
First Car First Airplane Flight
Wright Brothers
Thomas Edison
AlexanderGrahamBell
Big Business Forms• Free Enterprise – government leaves business
alone
• Entrepreneurs – people who start new businesses
• Patents – exclusive right to make or sell an invention
• Corporations – businesses that sell ownership stock to individuals
• Andrew Carnegie – Steel Production – Vertical Integration
• John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company – Horizontal Integration
• Trusts – when companies group together to force out competition
• America is industrial leader of the world by mid- 1890’s
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Workers Fight Back• Labor Unions form to get better working
conditions and pay – collective bargaining
• A. Knights of Labor
• B. American Federation of Labor – AFL
• 1886 – Haymarket Riot – Chicago
• Anarchists – people who oppose all government
• 1889 – Homestead Strike – Pennsylvania
• Pinkerton Detective Agency
• 1894 – Pullman Strike
• 1890 – Sherman Anti-Trust Act – made monopolies and trusts illegal
Haymarket Riot
New Immigrants – After 1880• Old Immigrants – before 1880 – mostly from
Northern and Western Europe• New Immigrants – After 1880 – mostly from
Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia• 1. Came looking for jobs created by 2nd Industrial
Revolution – did most of the low-paying factory and construction work in the US.
• 2. Came to escape religious and political persecution – Armenians and Jews
• Voyages were usually difficult and uncomfortable – Steerage class
• Ellis Island, NY – main immigrant processing center
Ellis Island
Urban Life• Most new immigrants settled in northern and
mid-western cities, causing rapid growth – led to overcrowding, sanitation problems, increase in crime
• 1. 1850 – 6 cities with population over 100,000
• 2. 1900 – 35 cities with population over 100,000
• Settled in areas with other people from their race or religion
• Benevolent Societies – aid groups set up to assist immigrant groups (death, sickness, unemployment)
• Many middle-class Americans began to move to suburbs – areas outside of cities
Resistance to Immigrants• Nativists – people opposed to immigrants,
usually because of racial or religious prejudice – worried about job competition
• 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – banned immigrants from China for 10 years – repealed in 1943
• 1894 – Immigration Restriction League – wanted all immigrants to prove literacy in some language, especially English
Rise of Populism• US population doubled between 1860 and
1900 – number of farms tripled
• Farm competition and overproduction led to many farmers struggling – blames big business and it’s influence in government
• 1867 – National Grange
• 1887 – Interstate Commerce Act – regulated trade and railroads
• 1888 – Sherman Silver Purchase Act – increased money supply
• 1892 – Populist Party formed for national political elections – struggled to find support and faded away