CONSUMER

ELECTRONICS

ME10801

A Journal on Recording &

Reproduction System

Recording & Reproduction System

2

Students involved in the preparation of this journal,

FMEG11119 Jain Vinit Uttam

FMEG11128 Laturkar Chetan Anil

FMEG11131 Mehta Het Dhirendra

FMEG11132 Mhatre Shaunak Prasad

FMEG11137 Momin Rihan Sharfuddin

FMEG11141 Panchal Divyesh Babulal

FMEG11142 Panchal Girishkumar Ramanlal

FMEG11143 Panchal Hitesh Mafatal

FMEG11145 Panchal Vinay Arvind

FMEG11147 Patel Karan Kaushik

FMEG11148 Patel Shubham Babubhai

FMEG11153 Rawani Keval Hemal

FMEG11154 Sarvaiya Rushitkumar Dhirubhai

FMEG11155 Shah Nikunj Hitesh

FMEG11156 Shenghani Rushi Suresh

FMEG11158 Thaker Kunj Paresh

FMEG11160 Vedant Rishabh Mulesh

FMET12360 Ghadge Vivek Shailendra

K. J. Somaiya Polytechnic,

Vidyavihar (E),

Mumbai - 77

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 3

Introduction

Recording is the process of capturing data or translating information to a recording

format, stored on any storage medium, which is referred as record, but for any audio

or visual medium, we say recording.

Source is the media from where the recording is to be done. The thing that has been

recorded is then translated into the medium that we want and then it is stored into the

storage medium, we want. The stored data is then reproduced as and when required by

us. Thus, the reproduction system can be defined as the system to which the stored

data is reproduced again and again.

Here, there is one basic example on recording and reproduction system. Normally,

when we are sitting in the lectures, we concentrate to what the sir/teacher is teaching

in the class. Thus, it can be said that the source of our recording is the lecturer’s

speech and what we do is, we translate the data or in simple language we try to

understand in our language and then we store it in on our storage medium, i.e., mind.

And what we do in exams is we reproduce the data stored in our mind on our exam

papers.

Now, let us discuss the various types of recording and reproduction system.

Magnetic Recording & reproduction Magnetic recording, method of preserving sounds, pictures, and data in the form of

electrical signals through the selective magnetization of portions of a magnetic

material. The principle of magnetic recording was first demonstrated by the Danish

SourceTranslating

DataStorage Reproduction

Recording & Reproduction System

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engineer Valdemar Poulsen in 1900, when he introduced a machine called the

telegraphone that recorded speech magnetically on steel wire.

magnetic recording

In the years following Poulsen’s invention, devices using a wide variety of magnetic

recording mediums have been developed by researchers in Germany, Great Britain,

and the United States. Principal among them are magnetic tape and disk recorders,

which are used not only to reproduce audio and video signals but also to store

computer data and measurements from instruments employed in scientific and medical

research. Other significant magnetic recording devices include magnetic drum, core,

and bubble units designed specifically to provide auxiliary data storage for computer

systems.

Magnetic tape devices. Magnetic tape provides a compact, economical means of

preserving and reproducing varied forms of information. Recordings on tape can be

played back immediately and are easily erased, permitting the tape to be reused many

times without a loss in quality of recording. For these reasons, tape is the most widely

used of the various magnetic recording mediums. It consists of a narrow plastic ribbon

coated with fine particles of iron oxide or other readily magnetizable material. In

recording on tape, an electrical signal passes through a recording head as the tape is

drawn past, leaving a magnetic imprint on the tape’s surface. When the recorded tape

is drawn past the playback or reproducing head, a signal is induced that is the

equivalent of the recorded signal. This signal is amplified to the intensity appropriate

to the output equipment.

Tape speeds for sound recording vary from less than 2 inches (5 centimetres) per

second to as much as 15 in. (37.5 cm) per second. Video signals occupy a much wider

bandwidth than do audio signals and require a much higher relative speed between the

tape and the head. Data recording requires even greater speeds. The tape transport of a

data-storage unit of a high-performance digital computer, for example, must be able to

move the tape past the head at a rate of 200 in. (500 cm) per second.

Magnetic tape was initially designed for sound recording. German engineers

developed an audio tape recording machine called the magnetophone during World

War II. U.S. and British researchers adopted the basic design of this device to create a

magnetic tape recorder capable of high-quality sound reproduction in the late 1940s.

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 5

Within a decade magnetic tape supplanted phonograph records for radio music

programming. Prerecorded tapes in the form of cartridges and cassettes for sound

systems in homes and automobiles were in widespread use by the late 1960s.

Related to the audio cassette recorder is a magnetic tape recording system that serves

as a telephone answering device. Messages or instructions prerecorded on tape are

reproduced automatically when a telephone user’s number is dialed. The answering

device then actuates the recording head, which records any messages that the caller

wishes to leave.

Magnetic tape was introduced as a data-storage medium in 1951, when it was used in

the auxiliary memory of UNIVAC I, the first digital computer produced for

commercial use. For about the next 10 years nearly all computers employed magnetic

tape storage units. By the 1960s, however, magnetic disk and magnetic drum auxiliary

memories began replacing the tape units in large-scale scientific and business data-

processing systems that require extremely fast retrieval of stored information and

programs. Magnetic tape devices, particularly those using cassettes, continue to be

employed as a principal form of auxiliary memory in general-purpose minicomputers

and microcomputers because of their low cost and great storage capacity. About

48,000 bits of information can be stored on one inch of tape.

Uses

Magnetic tape recorders have also been widely used to record measurements directly

from laboratory instruments and detection devices carried aboard planetary probes.

The readings are converted into electrical signals and recorded on tape, which can be

played back by researchers for detailed analysis and comparison.

These features give magnetic disk devices an advantage over tape recorders. A disk

unit has the ability to read any given segment of an audio or video recording or block

of data without having to pass over a major portion of its content sequentially;

locating desired information on tape may take many minutes. In a magnetic disk unit,

direct access to a precise track on a specific disk reduces retrieval time to a fraction of

a second.

Magnetic disk technology was applied to data storage in 1962. The random

accessibility of data stored in disk units made these devices particularly suitable for

use as auxiliary memories in high-speed computer systems. Small, flexible plastic

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disks called floppy disks were developed

during the 1970s. Although floppy disks

cannot store as much information as

conventional disks or retrieve data as rapidly,

they are adequate for applications such as

those involving minicomputers and

microcomputers where low cost and ease of

use are of primary importance.

Magnetic disk recording has various other

uses. Office dictating machines and

transcribing units utilize the process for storing spoken messages for later use.

Magnetic disk technology has also facilitated and improved a method known as

“instant replay” that is widely used in live telecasts, especially of sports events. This

method involves the immediate re-showing of, for

example, a crucial play in a football game during

a live-action broadcast. Videotape recorders were

initially used for instant replay, but they proved

too cumbersome. In 1967 Ampex developed a

special videodisk machine that made it possible to

locate and replay a desired action in less than four

seconds.

Disc recording & reproduction A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record,

commonly known as "a record", is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a

flat polyvinyl chloride (previously Shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral

groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the

disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12",

10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (331⁄3, 45, 78), and their

time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP − long playing,

SP − single, EP − 12" single); their reproductive quality or "fidelity" ("high fidelity",

"orthophonic", "full-range", etc.), and the number of audio channels provided

("mono", "stereo", "quad", etc.).

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 7

Video Tape Recording &

Reproduction A video recorder uses heads on a spinning drum to

read and write diagonal tracks onto a moving tape.

This has many potential sources of timing errors.

If the mechanism ran at an absolutely constant

speed, and never varied from moment to moment,

or from the time of recording to the time of

playback, then the timing of the playback signal would be exactly the same as the

input. However, imperfection being inevitable, the timing of the playback always

differs to some extent from the original signal. Longitudinal error (error arising from

effects in the long direction of the tape) can be caused by variations in the rotational

rate of the capstan drive, stretching of the tape medium, and jamming of tape in the

machine. Transverse error (error arising from effects in the cross-tape direction) can

be caused by variations in the rotational speed of the scanning drum and differences in

the angle between the tape and the scanning heads (usually addressed by video

"tracking" controls). Longitudinal errors are similar to the ones that

cause wow and flutter in audio recordings. Since these errors are not so subtle and

since it is standard video recording practice to record a parallel control track, these

errors are detected and servos are adjusted accordingly to dramatically reduce this

problem..

Many of the deficiencies of the reel-to-reel systems were overcome with the invention

of the Video cassette recorder (VCR), where the videotape is enclosed in a user-

friendly videocassette shell. This subsequently became the most familiar type of VTR

known to consumers. In this system, the tape is pre-attached onto two reels enclosed

within the cassette, and tape loading and unloading is automated. There is no need for

the user to ever touch the tape, and the media can be protected from dust, dirt, and

tape misalignments that could foul the recording mechanism. Typically, the only time

the user ever touches the tape in a videocassette is when a failure results from a tape

getting stuck in the mechanism. The function of the Video Reproducer Unit (VRU) is

to provide playback video content from pre-recorded media (e.g., tape, disc, etc.)

Video disc recording & playback

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A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs. CD players are

often a part of home stereo systems, car audio systems, and personal computers. They

are also manufactured as portable devices.

The process of playing an Audio CD, touted as a digital audio storage medium, starts

with the plastic polycarbonate disc, an analogue medium that contains the digitally

encoded data.

To read the data from the disc, a laser beam shines on the surface of the disc.

Differences on the particular disc being played and in the loading mechanism makes

the need of using a movable lens with a very close focal length to focus the light on

the disc. Sony released its CD Player called the CDP-101[3]

in 1982 utilising a slide-

out tray design for the CD. As it was easy to use and manufacture, most CD player

tray designs had followed this style of tray ever since.

A digital video recorder (DVR), is a consumer electronics device or application

software that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD

memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass storage device.

Video disc

Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-

access disc that contains both audio and analog video signals recorded in an analog

form. Typically, it is a reference to any such media that predates the mainstream

popularity of the DVD format.

Compact disc

Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was

originally developed to store and play back sound recordings only (CD-DA), but was

later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further

derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable

media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD),

Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and audio CD

players have been commercially available since October 1982.

Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to about 80

minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MiB (actually about 703 MiB or 737 MB) of

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 9

data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1

in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio or

delivering device drivers.

At the time of the technology's introduction it had much greater capacity than

computer hard drives common at the time. The reverse is now true, with hard drives

far exceeding the capacity of CDs.

In 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion

discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.[1] Compact discs are

increasingly being replaced or supplemented by other forms of digital distribution and

storage, such as downloading and flash drives, with audio CD sales dropping nearly

50% from their peak in 2000.

Mechanical components

A CD player has three major mechanical components : a drive motor, a lens system,

and a tracking mechanism. The drive motor (also called spindle) rotates the disc

between 200 and 500 revolutions per minute. The tracking mechanism moves the lens

system along the spiral tracks in which information is encoded, and the lens assembly

reads the information using a laser beam, typically produced by a laser diode. The

laser reads information by focusing a beam on the CD, which is reflected off the disc's

mirrored surface back to a photodiode array sensor. The sensor detects changes in the

beam, and a digital processing chain interprets these changes as binary data. The data

are processed, and eventually converted to sound using a digital-to-analog

converter (DAC).

A TOC or Table of Contents is located after the "lead-in" area of the disc, which is

located in an inner ring of the disc, and contains roughly five kilobytes of available

space. It is the first information that the player reads when the disc is loaded in the

player and contains information on the total number of audio tracks, the running time

on the CD, the running time of each track, and other information such as ISRC and the

format structure of the disc. The TOC is of such vital importance for the disc that if it

is not read correctly by the player, the CD could not be played back. That's why it is

repeated 3 times before the first music program starts.

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The "lead out" area in the end (the outer peripheral) of the disc tells the player that

disc has come to an end.

Distortion & noise reduction in video system Distortion: Changing form due to external changes or forces. The distortion happens

mainly due to transmission lags occurring between audio and video frame rate. It is

improved by using rate distortion optimization method and also other methods too.

The best example of video distortion can be observed in television during monsoon

season, while it’s raining heavily. This is seen more frequently with satellite TV

system like dish TV and video on DTH, etc. Also it is observed while watching online

videos. Reason is low bandwidth and insufficient graphics card.

Remedies: it can be overcome by using proper bandwidth, proper decoders, graphics

card, changing video setting in computer, etc.

Distortion & noise reduction in audio system Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.

All recording devices, both analogue or digital, have traits which make them

susceptible to noise. Noise can be random or white noise with no coherence, or

coherent noise introduced by the device's mechanism or processing algorithms.

In electronic recording devices, a major form of noise is hiss caused by

random electrons that, heavily influenced by heat, stray from their designated path.

In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible and audible) is

introduced due to the grain structure of the medium. In photographic film, the size of

the grains in the film determines the film's sensitivity, more sensitive film having

larger sized grains. In electrons influence the voltage of the output signal and thus

create detectable magnetic tape, the larger the grains of the magnetic particles

(usually ferric oxide or magnetite), the more prone the medium is to noise.

When using analog tape recording technology, they may exhibit a type of noise known

as tape hiss. This is related to the particle size and texture used in the magnetic

emulsion that is sprayed on the recording media, and also to the relative tape velocity

Dolby and dbx noise reduction system.

While there are dozens of different kinds of noise reduction, the first widely used

audio noise reduction technique was developed by Ray Dolby in 1966. Intended for

professional use, Dolby Type A was an encode/decode system in which the amplitude

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 11

of frequencies in four bands was increased during recording (encoding), then

decreased proportionately during playback (decoding). The Dolby B system

(developed in conjunction with Henry Kloss) was a single band system designed for

consumer products. In particular, when recording quiet parts of an audio signal, the

frequencies above 1 kHz would be boosted. This had the effect of increasing the

signal to noise ratio on tape up to 10dB depending on the initial signal volume. When

it was played back, the decoder reversed the process, in effect reducing the noise level

by up to 10dB. The Dolby B system, while not as effective as Dolby A, had the

advantage of remaining listenable on playback systems without a decoder.

Dbx was the competing analog noise reduction system developed by David E.

Blackmer, founder of dbx laboratories.[1]

It used a root-mean-squared (RMS)

encode/decode algorithm with the noise-prone high frequencies boosted, and the

entire signal fed through a 2:1 compander. Dbx operated across the entire audible

bandwidth and unlike Dolby B was unusable as an open ended system. However it

could achieve up to 30 dB of noise reduction. Since Analog video recordings use

frequency modulation for the luminance part (composite video signal in direct colour

systems), which keeps the tape at saturation level, audio style noise reduction is

unnecessary.

Dynamic Noise Limiter and Dynamic Noise Reduction

Dynamic Noise Limiter (DNL) is an unpatented audio noise reduction system

originally introduced by Philips in 1971 for use on cassette decks. Its circuitry is also

based on a single chip.

It was further developed into Dynamic Noise Reduction (DNR) by National

Semiconductor to reduce noise levels on long-distance telephony. First sold in 1981,

DNR is frequently confused with the far more common Dolby noise reduction

system. However, unlike Dolby and dbx Type I & Type II noise reduction systems,

DNL and DNR are playback-only signal processing systems that do not require the

source material to first be encoded, and they can be used together with other forms of

noise reduction.

Because DNL and DNR are non-complementary, meaning they do not require

encoded source material, they can be used to remove background noise from any

audio signal, including magnetic tape recordings and FM radio broadcasts, reducing

noise by as much as 10 dB. They can be used in conjunction with other noise

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reduction systems, provided that they are used prior to applying DNR to prevent DNR

from causing the other noise reduction system to mistrack.

Analog and digital recording

Analog (or analogue) recording (Greek, ana is "according to"

and logos "relationship") is a technique used for the recording of analog signals which

among many possibilities include audio frequency, analog audio and analog

video information for later playback.

Analog recording methods store signals as a continual wave in or on the media. The

wave might be stored as a physical texture on aphonograph record, or a fluctuation in

the field strength of a magnetic recording. This is different from digital recording of

which among many possibilities include digital audio and digital video, which digital

signals are represented as data or discrete numbers.

In digital recording, digital

audio and digital video are

directly recorded to a storage

device as a stream of discrete

numbers, representing the changes

in air pressure (sound) for audio

and chroma and luminance values

for video through time, thus

making an abstract template for

the original sound or moving

image.

Recording

The analog signal is transmitted from the input device to an analog-to-digital

converter (ADC).

The ADC converts this signal by repeatedly measuring the momentary level of

the analog (audio) wave and then assigning a binary number with a given

quantity of bits (word length) to each measuring point.

The frequency at which the ADC measures the level of the analog wave is

called the sample rate or sampling rate.

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A digital audio sample with a given word length represents the audio level at

one moment.

The longer the word length the more exact is the representation of the original

audio wave levelwise.

The higher the sampling rate the higher the upper cutoff frequency of the

digitized audio signal.

The ADC outputs a sequence of samples that make up a continuous stream of

0s and 1s.

These numbers are stored onto recording media such as magnetic tape, hard

drive, optical drive or solid state memory.

Comparison of analog and digital recording:

An analog recording is one where a property or characteristic of a physical recording

medium is made to vary in a manner analogous to the variations in air pressure of the

original sound. Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted (by

a transducer such as a microphone) into an electrical analog signal in which either the

instantaneous voltage or current is directly proportional to the instantaneous air

pressure (or is a function of the pressure). The variations of the electrical signal in turn

are converted to variations in the recording medium by a recording machine such as a

tape recorder or record cutter—the variable property of the medium ismodulated by

the signal. Examples of properties that are modified are the magnetization of magnetic

tape or the deviation (or displacement) of the groove of a gramophone disc from a

smooth, flat spiral track.

A digital recording is produced by converting the physical properties of the original

sound into a sequence of numbers, which can then be stored and read back for

reproduction. Normally, the sound is transduced (as by a microphone) to an analog

signal in the same way as for analog recording, and then the analog signal is digitized,

or converted to a digital signal, through an analog-to-digital converter and then

recorded onto a digital storage medium such as a compact disc or hard disk.

Two prominent differences in functionality are the bandwidth and the signal-to-noise

ratio (S/N); however, both digital and analog systems have inherent strengths and

weaknesses. The bandwidth of the digital system is determined, according to

the Nyquist frequency, by the sample rate used. The bandwidth of an analog system is

dependent by the physical capabilities of the analog circuits. The S/N of a digital

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system is first limited by the bit depth of the digitization process, but the electronic

implementation of the digital audio circuit introduces additional noise. In an analog

system, other natural analog noise sources exist, such as flicker noise and

imperfections in the recording medium. Some functions of the two systems are also

naturally exclusive to either one or the other, such as the ability for more

transparent filtering algorithms[1]

in digital systems

and the harmonic saturation of analog systems

CCD systems A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a device for the

movement of electrical charge, usually from within the

device to an area where the charge can be

manipulated, for example conversion into a digital

value. This is achieved by "shifting" the signals between stages within the device one

at a time. CCDs move charge between capacitive bins in the device, with the shift

allowing for the transfer of charge between bins.

The CCD is a major piece of technology in digital

imaging. In a CCD image sensor, pixels are

represented by p-doped MOS capacitors.

when image acquisition begins, allowing the

conversion of incoming photons into electron

charges at the semiconductor-oxide interface; the

CCD is then used to read out these charges.

Although CCDs are not the only technology to

allow for light detection, CCD image sensors are widely used in professional, medical,

and scientific applications where high-quality image data is required.

The charge-coupled device was invented in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs by Willard

Boyle and George E. Smith

The device could be used as a shift register. The essence of the design was the ability

to transfer charge along the surface of a semiconductor from one storage capacitor to

the next.

Development of the device progressed at a rapid rate. By 1971, Bell researchers lead

by Michael Tompsett were able to capture images with simple linear

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K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 15

devices.[7]

Several companies, including Fairchild Semiconductor, RCA and Texas

Instruments, picked up on the invention and began development programs.

In a CCD for capturing images, there is a photoactive region (an epitaxial layer of

silicon), and a transmission region made out of a shift register (the CCD, properly

speaking).

An image is projected through a lens onto the capacitor array (the photoactive region),

causing each capacitor to accumulate an electric charge proportional to

the light intensity at that location. A one-dimensional array, used in line-scan cameras,

captures a single slice of the image, while a two-dimensional array, used in video and

still cameras, captures a two-dimensional picture corresponding to the scene projected

onto the focal plane of the sensor. Once the array has been exposed to the image, a

control circuit causes each capacitor to transfer its contents to its neighbor (operating

as a shift.

Cable TV Cable television is a system of distributing television programs to paying subscribers

via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses

through fiber-optic cables.

The abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood

for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, from cable

television's origins in 1948: in areas where over-the-air reception was limited by

distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain,

large "community antennas" were constructed, and

cable was run from them to individual homes. In

order to receive cable television at a given location,

cable distribution lines must be available on the local

utility poles or underground utility lines.Coaxial

cable.

Cable TV charges in India.

Monthly cable TV charges will be capped at Rs250.

In an affidavit filed before the apex court, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

said it proposes to divide cable services into three pricing slabs.

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To streamline the cable TV fee structure, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

(TRAI), which is also the broadcast regulator, today told the Supreme Court that it

plans to cap monthly charges at Rs250 across the country, except for pockets where

the conditional access system (CAS) has been implemented.

In an affidavit filed before the court, TRAI said it proposes to divide cable services

into three pricing slabs. The first would have a monthly charge of Rs100 for a

minimum of 30 free-to-air (FTA) channels, including the mandatory Doordarshan

channels.

TRAI said for those customers opting for the basic package (which includes

Doordarshan channels) with up to 20 pay channels, the monthly bill will be fixed at

Rs200.If subscribers choose a basic package with over 20 pay channels, they will have

to pay Rs250 a month.

CABLE TV PROVIDERS IN INDIA.

1. shri balaji cable network in gurgaon

2. Hathway

3. DEN Networks

4. Reliance Digicom (ex Digicable)

5. Asianet(Kerala)

6. Manthan Broadband Services

7. SCV

8. You Telecom

9. Seven Star Dot Com Pvt Ltd

10. Advanced Multisystem Broadband Communication Pvt. Ltd

11. Arasu Cable

12. Barasat Cable TV Network Pvt. Ltd

13. CableComm Services Pvt. Ltd

14. Channel 3

15. Home Cable Network Pvt Limited

16. Gujarat Telelink P Limited (GTPL)

17. ICE TV Pvt

18. JPR Channel

19. System

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20. Satellite Vision Cable TV & Broadband Services Mumbai

1.) 1/3 SONY CCD 800TVL 30pcs IR LED cctv camera specifications

Main Features:

*CCD Board: Original 1/3'' 800 TVL CCD board

*Horizontal Resolution: Genuine 800 TVL

*Effictive Pixels:PAL:976(H)x582(V) & NTSC: 976(H)x494(V)

*With OSD(on-screen display) Menu:Yes

*D-WDR(Digital-WideDynamicRange) Function:Yes

Specifications:

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Image Device 1/3" SONY 960H CCD

CCD model no. ICX811AK(PAL) ICX810AK(NTSC)

DSP model no. AVS03P

Horizontal Resolution 800TVL

TV System PAL/NTSC

Effective Pixels PAL:960(H)*582(V) , NTSC:976H*494(V)

Scanning System 2:1 Interlace

Synchronization Internal

Min. Illumination 0 Lux (LED ON)

S/N Ratio More than 48dB(AGC OFF)

Video Output 1Vp-p,75ohm, BNC

Lens Type standard lens: 2.8-12mm lens, 6-15, 9-

22mm lens optional

Day & Night

Color / BW / EXT

Auto-progressive

Auto-general

Day to Night Delay 0-255

IR input level Low / High

White Balance ATW, D75, D65, D50 CWF, U30, F/A

Electronic Shutter Speed PAL:1/50 ~ 1/100,000sec, NTSC:1/60 ~ 1/100,000sec

AGC 0-127 option

Sharpness 0- 7 option

Backlight Auto/Low/Mid/High

D-WDR N/A

Super WDR 0-10 level adjustable

Demist Auto/Low/Mid/High

Motion Detection ON/OFF (4 areas)

DNR 3DNR:ON/OFF(0-3 option)

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D-ZOOM 1-4 level option

Infrared LED 72pcs Ø5mm IR LEDs

IR Distance 60 Meters

Infrared Spectrum 850nm

Operation Temperature -10°C ~ 50°C

Storage Temperature -20°C ~ 60°C

Input Voltage/Current DC12V 380mA

Adapter Requirement DC12V 1A

2. SONY DD57A/FF001800FID

Features:

·1/ 3” SONY Super HAD II CCD

· Built-in multi-language OSD menu

· Resolution: Color-600TVL

· Electronic shutter adjustable

· Wide Angle 130°

Pick-up device 1/3" SONY Super HAD II CCD

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Effective pixels NTSC:768*494, PAL:752*582

Resolution Color-600TVL @ F1.2, B/W-700TVL

Sensor size 4.9mm*3.7mm

Sync system Internal

Min. illumination 0.01lux (0.001 Sens up Mode)

S/N ratio More than 52dB

Electronic shutter 1/50 / 1/100000sec / FLK/Manual/Fixed

Lens 1.8mm

Flicker less mode On/off

Mirror function On/off

Privacy zone On/off (4 AREAS)

BLC On/off (64 AREAS)

SSNR III /DNR Low /Medium /High/off

Motion detect On/off (64 AREAS)

Gamma Auto / Adjustable

White balance Auto (ATW, AWB, FIXED, MANUAL)

AGC On/off (0-255)

Day & Night Color, B/W, Auto IRC level adjust

Video output 1.0V p-p Composite Video Output, 75 Ohm

Power supply DC12V

Operating temp -10 ~50oC

Operating Humidity 20% ~ 80% RH

Power consumption 110mA

Recording & Reproduction System

K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 21

700TVL Effio-E SONY CCD 48LED OSD MENU CCTV

Waterproof Black Bullet Camera++63

Specifications:

Image Device 1/3" SONY CCD Effio-E Processor

Horizontal Resolution 700 TVL

Pixels: PAL:976(H) × 582(V)

NTSC:976(H) × 494 (V)

TV SYSTEM PAL/NTSC

LED 48 PCS

Night Distance More than 15M

Lens 3.6mm(Defaulted)

Color On/Auto Selectable

White Balance ATW / AWB / MANUAL (1800 K~10500 K)

Sync System INT/LL Selectable

Usable Ⅲumination 0 Lux (Color) 0.001 Lux (B/W)

S/N Ratio ≥60dB(AGC Off)

O.S.D. O.S.D. MENU

Privacy Function ON / OFF

Motion Detection ON / OFF

Recording & Reproduction System

22

IP Rating IP66

Back Light Compensation BLC / HSBLC / AUTO

Gamma Characterlstic 0.45

Video Output 1.0Vp-p 75Ω

Electronic Shutter Time PAL 1/50-100,000Sec

NTSC 1/60-1/120,000Sec

Operation Temperature -10℃ - +50℃ RH95% Max

Humidity 30 ~ 90% Percent RH

White Balance Auto

Power Supply DC12V±10% 600 mA

CCTV 500TVL 1/4 SONY CCD 36X Optical Zoom Auto Focus

DSP Color Video Zoom Camera

Product Description Specifications:

Model: 36X(D/N)

System of signal: NTSC/PAL

Recording & Reproduction System

K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC 23

Pick up device: 1/4'' SONY CCD

Horizontal resolution: 500TV Line

S/N ratio:50 dB

Minium illumination: 0.1Lux

Lens:3.9~140.4 mm

View angle:49.6°~2.5°

Electronic Shutter: 1/60to1/10000S(NTSC), 1/50to1/10000S(PAL)

White Balance: Auto tracking

Auto AGC control: Auto control

Backlight compensation: On/Off

Control connector: Bys contol DC±3V~±12V

Focus Mode: Bus control focus/Button control focus

Video output: 1.0Vp-p,75Ω

Power supply: DC12V±10%, 3.6W

Auto camera specifications caution:

Do not attempt to disassemble the camera.ln order to prevent electric shock,do

not remove screws or cover.There are no user-serviceable parts inside.Refer all

servicing to qualified service personnel.

Handle the camera with care.The camera could be damaged by

improper handling or storage.

Do not expose the camera to rain or moisture,or try to operate it in wet

areas.Take immediate action if the camera becomes wet.Turn the power off and

refer

servicing to qualified service personnal Moisture can damage the camera

and also create a danger of electric shock.

Do not use strong or abrasive detergents when cleaning the canera body.Use

a dry cloth clean the camera when dirty.In case the dirt is hard to remove,use

a mild detergent and wipe gently.

Never point the canera toward the sun,Whether the camera is used outdoors

or not,never point it toward the sun.Use cautionwhen operating the camera in

the vicinity of spot lights or other bright reflecting objects.

Do not operate the camera beyond its Temperature.humidity or power

source ratings.Do not use the camera in an extreme environment where

high temperature or high humidity exists.

Use the camera under conditions where temperatures are between -

10℃～+50℃, and humidity is below 85%.For the correct power supply, refer to

the specification sheet.