346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

“Records Access & Democracy”

Records an Ancient Instrument of Control

“In the ancient world and in medieval times, the treasury

in temples and churches contained both treasures and the records, safely

stored and hidden from the strangers’ gaze. Whatever their architecture, archives

serve symbolically as temples shielding an idol

from the gaze of the uninitiated, guarding the

treasures as a monopoly for the priesthood, exercising

surveillance over those who are admitted.”

--Ketelaar, p. 234

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

“What emerges in this investigation is that the question of the archives nationales became a question of control over the memory of the state’s exercise of power over citizens;

and who had the power to mobilize or intervene in this memory to shape the body politic, to make as well as to

write history.” -Milligan, p. 160

“Article I declared the Archives nationales to be ‘the central depository for the entire republic’…It also made

the right of access to these documents a right of all citizens: article 37 allowed that ‘all citizens can ask, in all

depositories, at the dates and times fixed, communication of the pieces contained therein,’ without cost and provided that they remain on the premises.”

-Milligan, pp. 161-162

Transformation of the Archives &

The French Revolution.

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Rights, a Balancing Act“Rights provide standards

of conduct which govern the relationship between government and the citizen…the conflict is not simply

that of competing rights but also of

competing needs, both for individuals and for

society at large.”-Reitman, p. 501

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Rights of Citizens“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are

Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness – That to secure these right, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their

just powers from the consent of the governed...”

-The Declaration of Independence

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

The essence of Democracy“Freedom of information…is the essence of

free and democratic government. Unless the citizenry is fully informed, the whole

democratic experiment in self-government fails no matter what the social, political, or economic issue may be. Wise and effective participation in the affairs of government,

through the election process and communication with legislators and the

media, is weakened if the flow of information is limited or blocked.”

-Reitman, p. 501 346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

FOIA

“(3)(A) Except with respect to the records made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, each agency, upon request for records which (i) reasonably

describes such records and (ii) is made in accordance with published rules stating

the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed, shall make the records promptly available to any person.”

--Freedom of Information Act, 1996 5 USC §552, As Amended by Public Law No. 104-

231, 110 Stat. 3048346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Access and Memory

“Because the construction of collective memory, and thereby collective

identity, by nations, communities, or groups of people depends on their ability to confront and understand

their history, access is integral to the custody of historical records.”

--Bastian, p. 14

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Government Transparency in the 21st Century

Part II

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

GRAMA- The Nuts and Bolts

• Enacted in 1992• Records Access law• 9 parts• No major changes

since 1992• 26th State to enact an

open records law

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Working Committee Recommendations

•Cost and Timeliness Sub-Committee

•Simplification and Centralization Sub-Committee

•Statutory Definitions Sub-Committee

•Emerging Technology Sub-Committee

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Methodology• Sunshine Review

•Sunshine Review is a non-profit organization dedicated to state and local government transparency. The Sunshine Review wiki collects and shares transparency information and uses a "10-point Transparency Checklist" to evaluate the content of every state and more than 5,000 local government websites. Sunshine Review collaborates with individuals

and organizations throughout America in the cause of an informed citizenry and an accountable government.

• U.S. PIRG•U.S. PIRG, the federation of state Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs), stands up to powerful special interests on behalf of the American public, working to win concrete results for our health and our well-being. With a strong network of researchers, advocates, organizers and students in state capitols across the country, we take on the special interests on issues, such as product safety, political corruption, prescription drugs and voting rights, where these

interests stand in the way of reform and progress.

• Sutherland Institute•Sutherland Institute is a conservative public policy think tank committed to shaping Utah law and policy based on a core set of governing principles. We strive to make Utah an example of good government for the rest of the nation and a great place to live, work, and raise a family.

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

A Sunshine State of Mind

• Budgets• Open meeting laws • Elected officials• Administrative Officials• Building permits and

zoning

• Audits• Contracts• Lobbying• Public records• Taxes

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Does Utah Measure Up?

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Transparency Report CardSunshine

Review

US

PIRG

Sutherland

Institute

State C C N/A

Counties D N/A N/A

Cities i N/A C

State

Budget   

Usability

Elected Officials

Administrative Officials

Ethics

Audits  

Contracts

Lobbying

Public records  

Taxes

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

StateA

15%

B60%

C25%

Transparency report card State

COLORADO A+

CALIFORNIA A+

MASSACHUSETTS A+

NEVADA B

NEW MEXICO B

IDAHO B

GEORGIA B

MARYLAND B

FLORIDA B

NEW YORK B

NORTH DAKOTA B

SOUTH DAKOTA B

OKLAHOMA B

TEXAS B

KENTUCKY B

ARIZONA C

WYOMING C

VIRGINIA C

MICHIGAN C

UTAH C

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Yes 8 24 25 26 17 5 1 1 2 14

Partial 3 0 3 2 4 1 1 0 0 2

No 18 5 1 1 8 23 27 28 27 13

Budget MeetingsElected officials

Admin. Officials

Permits/Zoning

Audits Contracts LobbyingPublic records

Taxes

County

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

CountyA+3%

B3% B-

7%

C10%

C-14%

D29%

D-10%

F24%

County Grades

Beaver County, Utah D

Box Elder County, Utah D

Cache County, Utah C-

Carbon County, Utah F

Daggett County, Utah C

Davis County, Utah D

Duchesne County, Utah C-

Emery County, Utah D

Garfield County, Utah F

Grand County, Utah D

Iron County, Utah F

Juab County, Utah F

Kane County, Utah F

Millard County, Utah D

County Grades

Morgan County, Utah D-

Piute County, Utah F

Rich County, Utah D

Salt Lake County, Utah A+

San Juan County, Utah C-

Sanpete County, Utah D-

Sevier County, Utah C-

Summit County, Utah B

Tooele County, Utah D-

Uintah County, Utah B-

Utah County, Utah B-

Wasatch County, Utah C

Washington County, Utah D

Wayne County, Utah F

Weber County, Utah C

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

City

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Yes 60 89 102 88 65 39 21 0 45 43

Partial 2 6 8 4 7 2 2 0 2 4

No 49 16 1 19 39 70 88 111 64 64

Budget

Meetings

Elected

official

Admin.

Officia

Permits/Zon

ingAudits

Contracts

Lobbying

Public record

sTaxes

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

CityA-

6%B

8%

B-20%

C10%

C-15%

D17%

D-10%

F14%

City Grades

Draper, Utah A-

Park City, Utah A-

Provo, Utah A-

Riverton, Utah A-

Salt Lake City, Utah A-

Taylorsville, Utah A-

West Jordan, Utah A-

Bluffdale, Utah B

Murray, Utah B

North Salt Lake, Utah B

Ogden, Utah B

Sandy, Utah B

South Jordan, Utah B

South Ogden, Utah B

St. George, Utah B

Syracuse, Utah B

City Grades

Alta, Utah B-

Cedar City, Utah B-

Cedar Hills, Utah B-

Cottonwood Heights, Utah B-

Eagle Mountain, Utah B-

Heber City, Utah B-

Herriman, Utah B-

Highland, Utah B-

Ivins, Utah B-

La Verkin, Utah B-

Lehi, Utah B-

Mapleton, Utah B-

Midvale, Utah B-

Orem, Utah B-

Perry, Utah B-

Saratoga Springs, Utah B-

South Weber, Utah B-

Spanish Fork, Utah B-

Vernal, Utah B-

Washington Terrace, Utah B-

West Valley, Utah B-

Woods Cross, Utah B-

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs

$0$50,000

$100,000$150,000$200,000$250,000$300,000$350,000$400,000$450,000$500,000

Marylan

d

Kan

sas

Utah

Texas

Misso

uri*

Neb

raska*

Califo

rnia*

Projected

Actual

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

A Sunshine State of Mind- Costs

$0$1,000,000$2,000,000$3,000,000$4,000,000$5,000,000$6,000,000$7,000,000$8,000,000$9,000,000

$10,000,000

FederalWebsite

StateWebsites

Projected

Actual

Estimated AnnualMaintenance

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Moving Forward

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

1.Transparency checklist items 2. Include links to any and all

public financial information3. “Three clicks and you’re out” rule4.Review website search functions

“Popular government, without popular information, or the means of

acquiring it is but a prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps,

both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors must arm

themselves with the power which knowledge gives.”

-James Madison, 276.

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Sunshine Review

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_Checklist

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_cities

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Utah_counties

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Years_that_state_FOIA_laws_were_enacted

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Transparency_checklist_possible_additions

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Evaluation_of_Utah_state_website

http://sunshinereview.org/index.php/Cost_of_state_transparency_websites

Sutherland Institute

Monson, Derek. “Grading City Government Transparency” November 24, 2010. http://www.sutherlandinstitute.org/uploads/Grading_City_Government_Transparency.pdf

U.S. PIRG

Following the Money map: http://www.uspirg.org/follow-the-money-map

“Following the Money” report 2011:https://pincdn.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/d1b1c8a147fbf379dfc14c8c86a83e52/Following-the-Money-2011-vUS.pdf

“Following the Money” report 2010:http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/b3ba157e28d82952ee5b7a3f84e88499/Following-the-Money-USPIRG.pdf

State of Utah

S.B. 38, March 2008: http://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/sbillint/sb0038s05.pdf

GRAMA Working Group Recommendations: http://www.gramarevisited.com/category/working-group-meetings

https://www.facebook.com/UtahGRAMA

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

346 South Rio Grande St, SLC, UT 84101 Mon-Fri 8:00am to 5:00pm

UTAH STATE ARCHIVES

Campo, Amarna Akkadian Letter, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amarna_Akkadian_letter.png. Eric Ketelaar, “Archival Temples, Archival Prisons: Modes of Power and Protection,” Archival Science 2 (2002): 221-238. Ernst Posner, Archives in the Ancient World, Reprint. (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2003).Archivos del terror de Paraguay, Digital Photograph, n.d., http://www.canalpatrimonio.com/es/noticias/?iddoc=53443. Timothy Ericson, “Building Our Own ‘Iron Curtain’: The Emergence of Secrecy in American Government,” The American Archivist 68 (Spring/Summer 2005): 18-52. “Census Records Destroyed in Washington Fire,” The Concordia Sentinel (Concordia, Louisiana, February 12, 1921), http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87090135/1921-02-12/ed-1/seq-1/. Alan Reitman, “Freedom of Information and Privacy: The Civil Libertarian’s Dilemma,” American Archivist 38, no. 4 (October 1975): 501-508. Steven Lubar, “Information Culture and the Archival Record,” The American Archivist 62 (Spring 1999): 10-22. James Madison, Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 3, 4 vols. (Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1865), books.google.com. James Sickinger, “Literacy, Documents, and Archives in the Ancient Athenian Democracy,” The American Archivist 62 (Fall 1999): 229-246. Scott W. Jessee, “Monks, Monasteries, and Manuscripts: Archival Sources for Eleventh-Century France,” American Archivist 52 (Summer 1989): 384-390. Jeannette Allis Bastian, Owning Memory: How a Caribbean Community Lost Its Archives and Found Its History (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003). Roblespepe, Que_Digan_Donde_Estan.jpg, Digital Photograph, April 9, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Que_digan_d%C3%B3nde_estan.jpg. Keikus Karsten, Shredded Stasi Files at Stasi Headquarters in Berlin-Lichtenberg (1990s), Digital Photograph, n.d., http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=3061. Robert L. Dorman, “The Creation and Destruction of the 1890 Federal Census,” The American Archivist 71 (Fall/Winter 2008): 350-383. Andreas Praefcke, Wachstafelrem, Digital Photograph, 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wachstafel_rem.jpg

Jennifer Milligan, “‘What Is an Archive?’ in the History of Modern France,” in Archive Stories: Facts Fictions, and The Writing of History, ed. Antoinette Burton (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), 160-183.