recovered paper for tissue manufacturing
TRANSCRIPT
Recovered Paper for Tissue Manufacturing
Bill Moore, PresidentMoore & Associates
October 1, 2019
Global Recovered Paper (RCP) Markets
2018249 million tonnes
~55% of the world’s paper and board production is based on recycled fiber3
Global RCP Usage by Grade
2008208 million tonnes
Case Materials,
49%
Newsprint, 13%
Tissue, 8%
Printing/ Writing,
7%
Other Grades,
23%
Case Materials,
62%
Tissue, 6%
Newsprint, 6%
Printing/ Writing,
7%
Other Grades,
22%
World RCP Demand by Grade
4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Mixed Paper
High Grades
ONP/OMG
OCC
Million Tonnes
China: Major Factor in RCP Markets
• Even though China was not a large user/importer of RCP high grades, their import restrictions on all grades of RCP have effected the grades used by the tissue industry
• Almost all of China’s tissue making capacity installed in the last ten years has been based on virgin fiber
• But there is some recycled fiber tissue production in the country and they imported SOP for use in white top paperboards
• In 2019, China’s imports of SOP were greatly curtailed
China and High Grades/SOP
• In 2016, China imported 29 million tons of recovered paper (RCP) to supply their domestic paper and board industry
• Chinese regulations restricting RCP imports into the country reduced the annual import volume into China to 17 million tons in 2018.
• In 2019, we forecast that imports will fall to 12 million tons • Looming on the near horizon is a total ban on imported RCP scheduled for the
end of 2020• This leaves a tremendous shortfall of recovered paper in China resulting in
reduced operating rates, revenue reductions and creating a non-sustainable supply chain disruption in the second largest paper and board production market in the world
China's Imports of RCP
7
Effective March 1, 2018 (material arrival in China)
• Weight of recovered paper (RCP) Prohibitives (non-paper contaminants) must be < 0.5% - all grades. This is the most important limitation
• No unsorted RCP/Mixed Paper
• China import permits regulated and issued quarterly
• Mills with <50,000 MT/year production prohibited from importing RCP directly
• China buyers must be associated with a mill group
Key Aspects of China 2018 Import Policy
8
• Scheduled to take effect in 2020
• Will such pre-consumer grades as DLK, #9 Over Issue News, and Pulp Substitutes, etc. be exempted?
• Recycled Fiber (RCF) pulp not affected?
• Will create a shortage of fiber for the Chinese paper and board industry of 13 million tonnes/year
• A boon for RCF pulp?
• While there is some impact on high grades, OCC and Mixed Paper markets much more effected
Full Ban of RCP Imports into China
9
US RCP Market
Recovered Paper Price Ticker
11
$140 $142
$146 $149
$156 $156 $156 $157 $160
$163
$170
$180
$169
$162 $165
$171 $170
$165
$146
$151 $153
$155 $154 $154 $154 $156
$161
$166 $167 $169 $170 $169
$167 $166
$156
$150
$140
$129
$118
$113
$108
$105
$110
$115
$120
$125
$130
$135
$140
$145
$150
$155
$160
$165
$170
$175
$180
Apr-16 Jun-16 Aug-16 Oct-16 Dec-16 Feb-17 Apr-17 Jun-17 Aug-17 Oct-17 Dec-17 Feb-18 Apr-18 Jun-18 Aug-18 Oct-18 Dec-18 Feb-19 Apr-19 Jun-19 Aug-19
$/Ton FOB seller’s dock
Source: Fastmarkets/RISI RCP Price Ticker
Sharp decline in all grades
High grade prices increasing / bulk grades decreaseRealization that China's import
restrictions are real and China's RCP buying drops
RCP Price Ticker:Average combined domestic mill price for Mixed Paper, #8,
ONP/SRPN, OCC, Hard White Envelope Cuttings, SOP, SWL.
China buys heavily
Typical upward market movement after period
of low prices
China's import restrictions kick in
Market thinks China restrictions may be eased
Use of US RCP, 2008 vs. 2018
12
201853 million tons
200852 million tons
Exports, 38%Tissue, 8%
Other, 11%
Containerboard,14%
Paperboard,14%
Exports, 39%
Tissue, 8%
Other, 6%
Containerboard,35%
Paperboard,11%
US RCP Exports by Country, 2018
13
China, 40%
India, 18%
Mexico, 9%
Indonesia, 6%
Korea, 6%
Canada, 4%
All Others, 17%
SOP Demand
Recovered fiber declining as a raw material for tissue
15
46% 50% 51% 49% 48% 47%42% 39%
47% 42% 41% 44% 45% 46% 53% 56%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1990 1994 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2018
OtherMechanical PulpChemical PulpRecovered Fiber
Global fiber Furnish in Tissue Manufacture
Historically, 'High Grades' have been used in tissue
High grades are made up of:• Deinking High Grades (DHG)• Pulp Substitutes (PS)
The approximate composition of Deinking High Grades (DHG) is:– 55% SOP– 20% Coated Book Stock/Printers Mix (book and printing scrap)– 15% Sorted and Manifold (pre-consumer from printers) Ledgers– 10% Other Bleached Chemical Grades – mostly SBS scrap (white/bleached box scrap)
Note that DHG is not an actual grade but an aggregate statistical category.Pulp Substitutes (PS) used for tissue include:
– Bleached Kraft: bleached white sulfate and cuttings; some tissue paper converting scrap; some coated book stock
16
Usage of SOP and CBS declining globally
The trend in all regions of the world are similar:• Sorted Office Paper (SOP) supply is declining – fewer printed documents• Less use of Coated Book Stock:
– More coated material in SOP– Process changes to reduce the need for this low yield grade
• Ledger grades have been merged and supply is declining • All SBS scrap is recovered; slow growth in developed economies as more
SBS packaging makes more supply available• Some increase in the mechanical fiber grades – magazines and coated
groundwood sections
17
Why is SOP demand declining?
• Yields on SOP have declined because quality of the grade is dropping
• Processing costs have increased
• SOP cycle costs have increased (until this last low cycle)
18
Recovered fiber trends are similar in all regions
• Recycled fiber-based tissue is more prevalent in certain markets – North America (US, Canada, & Mexico), Europe, Middle East, and developed Asian countries (Japan, Korea, etc.)
• Regional trends in recycled fiber use in tissue:– North America - slow decline– Europe - declining– Middle East - declining– Developed Asia - slow decline
• China’s tissue business is growing largely with virgin fiber (vs. newsprint and paperboard sectors, which rely heavily on recycled fiber).
19
The search is on for alternative types of fiber
• Developing regions and emerging Asia – the clear trend is for the use of virgin fiber in tissue production.
• Searching for alternative grades and fibers: bamboo, agricultural residues• Other sources of fiber are replacing SOP for tissue:
– Greater use of Pulp Subs (PS) – primarily the SBS grades for which supply is increasing
– Greater use of virgin pulp such as Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft (BEK)• Other grades of post consumer RCP: cups/other poly coated SBS• Other post industrial grades: undeliverable mail (UMM), silicone release
papers
20
• No recycle tissue mills are planned in the US or Canada.
• Mexico has one new machine coming on line in 2021 that is recycled fiber-based: Papel San Francisco in Mexicali.
– This mill will use an additional 30,000 tons per year of SOP, fairly small use.
– Future expansions in Mexico are expected and will probably use more SOP.
Little new RCF-based tissue capacity planned in NA
21
• Shutdown of three recycled fiber tissue mills – note that most of the production was shifted to other mills
• Significant SOP use by the Fairmount, WV mill mostly stopped: conversion to ‘brown’ pulp for shipment to China by ND Paper
• Fires causing shutdowns at the Soundview/Marcal and GP – Muskogee –again note that most of the production loss was shifted to other mills.
– Both of these are transient: Marcal down almost a year, GP down one+ month
• In 2019 at the margin some low quality SOP is being sold as Mixed Paper. The largest imbalance (over-supply) in the SOP market ever
Significant drop in SOP demand in NA, 2019
22
North American SOP exports on the decline
• Declines to all regions except Mexico.
• China, although never a large importer of North American SOP, is now importing no SOP.
• Exports are declining for the same reasons as domestic demand.
• Definitely a shift in the use of recycled fiber in tissue in all the world’s regions.
23
69%17%
9%
3% 1%
1% 1%
IndiaChinaIndonesiaSouth KoreaTaiwanThailandVietnam
66%
15%
12%
4% 2%
1% 1%
IndiaIndonesiaSouth KoreaTaiwanThailandChinaVietnam
India the largest buyer of US High Grade exports
Deinking High Grades(45,149 Tonnes Exported)
Pulp Subs(111,365 Tonnes Exported)
Source: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Census, PPI Pulp & Paper Week 24
US Exports to Asia, Q1 2019
Source: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Census, PPI Pulp & Paper Week NOTE: 1% values are shown graphically but with no data label
17%
71%
46%
66%
69%
4%
43%
18%
15%
9%
5%
29%
11% 7%
12%
3%
15%
8%
7%
4
3
13%
7%
2
3
4%
7%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Deinking
Pulp Subs
News
Mixed Paper
Corrugated
ChinaIndiaIndonesiaVietnamS. KoreaTaiwanThailand
High Grades are a small share of US RCP exports
TOTAL TONNES EXPORTED ('000s)
25
67%
15%
14%
3% 1%
Corrugated - 2,210.5Mixed Paper - 477.7News - 455.6Pulp Subs - 111.4Deinking - 45.1
SOP Supply
Global tissue consumption is growing – while P/W papers decline
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
GlobalTissue
GlobalPrinting &Writing
Million Tonnes
27NOTE: Not all tissue is produced from recycled fiber.
• From the late 1990s through 2010, the global supply of SOP steadily increased:
• Printing and writing paper use was still increasing
• Fast growth of confidential document destruction/shredding
• Since 2010, overall decline in use of P/W papers
• World printing industry is declining - structural trend of printing fewer hard copy documents
• Drop in postal mail delivery
The rise and fall of printing and P/W papers…
28
• After fifteen years of rapid increase, the growth of document destruction in the developed countries began to slow.
• Prior to 1998, shredded office papers made up less than 10% of all office papers generated.
• From 1998 through 2005, the growth in SOP supply from shredded office papers kept SOP market pricing down.
• Moore & Associates estimates that shredded material now accounts for about 70+% of the US SOP market.
Document destruction has also peaked
29
• Conventional office paper source-separated recycling programs are virtually gone.
• Single stream commercial recycling collection is the growth area for collection of the 'last' of office papers
– Frequently cannot be separated into SOP and will go into Mixed Paper, a much lower quality grade.
• Could we get a deinkable tissue grade pack from residential recycling? Mail, office papers, SBS packaging, poly coated foodboards, magazines, etc.
Recycling practices affect SOP quality
30
8,363 8,3447,985
7,524 7,488 7,310 7,0936,687 6,530 6,466 6,403 6,354 6,234
5,914 5,779
2,400 2,324 2,533 2,377 2,4452,186 2,122 2,108 2,053 2,009 1,997 1,978 1,949 1,920 1,909
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
UFS Consumption
SOP Consumption
Uncoated Freesheet is declining faster than SOP in NA
'000Tonnes
31
Forecast 2019-2028
Source: Moore & Associates SOP Supply & Demand Forecast, June 2019
US & Canada:
Long Term US Average SOP Price($/ton) – Source RISI/Fastmarkets & Moore & Associates
$70$90
$110$130$150$170$190$210$230$250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019YTD
OCC Demand and Supply Trends
33
• New OCC based containerboard mill projects in Asia (including China), Europe, Middle East, and North America – demand it is creating will strengthen the market
• New demand for OCC especially strong in the US
• OCC recovery in the developed regions of the world is very high, really at the maximum level in many parts of Europe and headed that way in the US, but box supply growth continues
• China and India (as well as the rest of the developing regions of the world) will continue to increase their domestic OCC recovery
• All of the “easy to get” OCC is already recovered – grocery store and large generators. Residential e-commerce box recovery lagging
• But we are not ‘running out’ of OCC that can be recovered. In the U.S.– almost 25 million tons per year of paper is still disposed, OCC is a part of it
Average Annual North America OCC PriceSource - Moore & Associates
34
$39 $37
$91
$160
$78
$94
$74
$83
$97
$55
$83
$79
$99 $96
$88
$137
$127
$74 $75
$177
$129
$132
$117
$99$111
$169
$109
$55
$30
$50
$70
$90
$110
$130
$150
$170
$190
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019H 1
$/Ton, Baled, FOB Generator’s Dock
Thank you for your attentionMoore & Associateswww.MARecycle.com