A STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT AND RETAINMENT OF THE EMPLOYEES IN NOKIA

SIEMENS NETWORK

SUBMITED IN PRACTICAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUISNESS ADMINISTRATION

ABSTRACT

The study is conducted in Nokia Siemens network Oragadam. The

topic of the study is “A study on recruitment and retainment in Nokia Siemens

network”.

The study is basically a descriptive study with a sample size of 50. The

respondents are the employees in the organization.

Recruitment and retainment process is the main duty of an HR the

organisation must select a right person for right job the person should be selected

correctly and the next main duty of an HR is to make the employee to retain in

the organisation. To understand the needs of the employees and give what they

require so that the employee may remain in the organisation

In the recruitment and retainment process observed the present

system is satisfactory communication between the employees and the

organisation is good enough so that the employees get a good atmosphere in

the organisation and they may not leave the organisation.

CONTENTS Page No.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE TOPIC

BACKGROUND STUDY

NEED FOR THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES

MAJOR OBJECTIVES

CHAPTER 2

COMPANY PROFILE

CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

TYPE OF RESEARCH

RESEARCH APPROACH

SOURCES OF DATA

SAMPLING PLAN

POPULATION AND SAMPLING UNIT

SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

MODE OF DATA COLLECTION

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT

TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE

Human resources is a term with which many organizations describe the combination of traditionally administrative personnel functions with performance, Employee Relations and resource planning. The field draws upon concepts developed in Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Human resources have at least two related interpretations depending on context.

The original usage derives from political economy and economics, where it was traditionally called labour, one of four factors of production. The more common usage within corporations and businesses refers to the individuals within the firm, and to the portion of the firm's organization that deals with hiring, firing, training, and other personnel issues. This article addresses both definitions. The objective of Human Resources is to maximize the return on investment from the organization's human capital and minimize financial risk. It is the responsibility of human resource managers to conduct these activities in an effective, legal, fair, and consistent manner.

Human resource management serves these key functions:

1. Selection2. Training and Development3. Performance Evaluation and Management4. Promotions5. Redundancy6. Industrial and Employee Relations7. Record keeping of all personal data.8. Compensation, pensions, bonuses etc in liaison with Payroll9. Confidential advice to internal 'customers' in relation to problems at work.10. Career development

1.2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION TO RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION

According to Edwin B. Flippo, “Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation”. Recruitment is the activity that links the employers and the job seekers

A few definitions of recruitment are:

A process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are submitted. The result is a pool of applications from which new employees are selected.

It is the process to discover sources of manpower to meet the requirement of staffing schedule and to employ effective measures for attracting that manpower in adequate numbers to facilitate effective selection of an efficient working force.

Recruitment of candidates is the function preceding the selection, which helps create a pool of prospective employees for the organisation so that the management can select the right candidate for the right job from this pool. The main objective of the recruitment process is to expedite the selection process.

Recruitment is a continuous process whereby the firm attempts to develop a pool of qualified applicants for the future human resources needs even though specific vacancies do not exist. Usually, the recruitment process starts when a manger initiates an employee requisition for a specific vacancy or an anticipated vacancy.

RECRUITMENT NEEDS ARE OF THREE TYPES

PLANNED

i.e. the needs arising from changes in organization and retirement policy.ANTICIPATED

Anticipated needs are those movements in personnel, which an organization can predict by studying trends in internal and external environment.

UNEXPECTED

Resignation, deaths, accidents, illness give rise to unexpected needs.

Purpose & Importance Of Recruitment

Attract and encourage more and more candidates to apply in the organisation. Create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organisation. Determine present and future requirements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job analysis activities. Recruitment is the process which links the employers with the employees. Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. Help increase the success rate of selection process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants.

Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and Selected will leave the organization only after a short period of time. Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce. Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates.Increase organization and individual effectiveness of various recruiting techniques and sources for all types of job applicants Retention

Employee Retention involves taking measures to encourage employees to remain in the organization for the maximum period of time. Corporate is facing a lot of problems in employee retention these days. Hiring knowledgeable people for the job is essential for an employer. But retention is even more important than hiring. There is no dearth of opportunities for a talented person. There are many organizations which are looking for such employees. If a person is not satisfied by the job he’s doing, he may switch over to some other more suitable job. In today’s environment it becomes very important for organizations to retain their employees. The top organizations are on the top because they value their employees and they know how to keep them glued to the organization. Employees stay and leave organizations for some reasons. The reason may be personal or professional. These reasons should be understood by the employer and should be taken care of. The organizations are becoming aware of these reasons and adopting many strategies for employee retention.

1. 3 Need for recruitment:

The need for recruitment may be due to the following reasons / situation:

Vacancies due to promotionsa) Transfer, retirement, termination, permanent disability, death and

labour turnover.

Creation of new vacancies due to the growth, expansion and diversification of business activities of an enterprise. In addition, new vacancies are possible due to job specification

1.4 Scope of the study :

To determine the present and future requirements of the

organization on conjunction with its personnel-planning and job analysis

activities.

1. To increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost.

2. To help increase the success rate of the selection process by reducing

the number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job

applicants.

3. To help reduce the probability that job applicants, once recruited

and selected, will leave the organization only after a short period of

time.

4. To meet the organization’s legal and social obligations regarding the

composition of its work force.

5. To begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will

be appropriate candidates.

6. To increase organizational and individual effectiveness in the short

term and long term.

7. To evaluate the effectiveness of various recruiting techniques and sources for all types of job applicants.

1.5 OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Recruitment helps a company to achieve its objective from time to time by creating a positive attitude among workers. Reducing wastage and making maximum use of resources etc.

Allocating the jobs to the right person:-

If proper recruitment and selection methods are followed, the company will be able to select the right people for the right job. When this happens the number of

people leave the job will reduce as the will be satisfied with their job leading to decrease in labour turnover

To know the benefits of recruitment to the employees with respect to their welfare activities. HR management function that helps managers to recruit, select, train and retain members for an organization.

So the study of the HR recruitment and retainment means basically the brief study of all HR functions related to recruitment and retainment in the organization. I believe the recruitment and retainment is a vital part of an organization, which helps theorganization to achieve the goal of the organization.All companies are having their recruitment and retainment process but the company who is having the best, is the mostsuccessful company among its competitors. So the company can get success within its competitorsby applying best, effectiveness in the organisation

The main objective of the project is

To understand and study the recruitment and retainment process in the organisation

To know how the organisation recruit employees To study what are the sources of recruitment in the organisation To study what are the test the organisation conduct To study how the organisation retain the employees HR function is very important in every organization. It helps the organization to manage not onlythe people of the organization but to manage all the working processes in it also. HR management function that helps managers to recruit, select, train and retain members for an organization.

CHAPTER: 2

Company profile

With more than 60,000 people in over 150 countries, Nokia Siemens Networks is one of the largest telecommunications hardware, software and services companies in the world. We are committed to innovation and sustainability and offer a complete portfolio of mobile, fixed and converged network technologies as well as professional services including consulting and systems integration, network implementation, maintenance and care, and managed services.

We serve more than 600 customers around the world – Communications Service Providers (CSPs) who face a multitude of challenges as they focus on capturing greater value through business model innovation, reducing the complexity within their businesses and networks, growing their customer base and minimizing subscriber churn.

It is our aim to play the vital role of an enabler, someone who helps CSPs build stronger, more lasting and ultimately more profitable customer relationships. We aim to do so by enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of their business practices, and in turn help them meet pressing challenges.

Our initiatives aim to foster sustainable business practices which increase profitability and demonstrate the broad impact of the telecommunications industry on other sectors. One such initiative is our participation in the WWF Climate Savers program under which we have pledged to undertake a number of steps that reduce our annual CO2 emissions by approximately two million tons. One of our key commitments is to improve the energy efficiency of our GSM/EDGE and WCDMA/HSPA base station products by up to 40 percent by 2012. Our Flexi Base Station has the lowest energy consumption in the market, and has been recognized as the world’s most progressive mobile network technology at GSMA Global Mobile Awards 2009. In addition, we recently launched the industry’s most comprehensive energy solutions offering, which includes the innovative Green Energy Control. Currently we have more than 390 sites across 25 countries which run on renewable energy. By 2011, renewable energy will be our preferred source of power supply for every remote base station site that we install.

Our vast and market-leading portfolio of offerings aptly reflects our emphasis on thought leadership and innovation. We have pioneered a centralized Global Service Delivery model by creating integrated multi-technology, multi-vendor Global Network Solutions Centres which drive the world’s most efficient networks. We also enjoy leadership in several other areas, including Professional Services where we are the industry’s fastest growing vendor, voice solutions where we power the conversations of more than one-fourth of the world’s population, 3G where we have more than 160 3G radio references, and network deployment where we enjoy the largest market share. As a leader in technology innovation, we are committed to driving the commercial uptake of LTE starting in 2010, and offer an end-to-end solution which provides a future-proof, easy and cost-efficient path to LTE.

Mission and Vision

The road ahead

Until now, development in our industry has mainly been a matter of delivering connections – more, faster, cheaper, and more efficient. This is still important. The connectivity explosion continues, and by 2015 we know that 5 billion people and further billions of devices will be connected. So, we must continue applying our expertise in order to deliver on the reality of hundred-fold increases in traffic.

Towards an ecosystem of partners

Today, however, we are also focusing like never before on delivering quality – quality experience. We can see that a more open, collaborative and customer-centric way of working could bring so much more value to billions of individuals, and to millions of businesses. We at Nokia Siemens Networks must drive that change by leaving the closed and proprietary mindset behind, and leading the way in a new spirit of openness and collaboration.

Our customers’ challenges

Our customers, Communications Service Providers (CSPs), face challenges on all fronts: the need to increase efficiency keeps pressure on capital and operational costs; the dramatic rise in traffic due to the proliferation of internet applications demands new business models for monetization; and an ever fiercer competitive climate is challenging CSPs to prove they can retain the customers they have and win back any they might have lost. Nokia Siemens Networks will play a vital role in helping CSPs meet these challenges. This role is our mission – it’s about building value.

Our mission

…by improving efficiency and experience

We have built value by addressing efficiency, and we continue to do that. But we also need to address the customer’s need for a better experience, because it’s experience that builds relationships, and relationships that build value.

Our vision

We believe that CSPs can ultimately enable and deliver a “segment of one” – where they can define and enhance the service experience for each and every individual. Customers whose communications experience fit and works for them don’t change operators. And operators who can devote themselves to enriching the customer’s experience build stronger, more lasting and profitable customer relationships.

The individual communications experience is the greatest value a communications service provider can deliver to their customer, and so it’s the greatest value we can support communications service providers in delivering.

The road ahead

The future of service is largely network-based. Internet applications hosted in the ‘cloud’ (email, social networking sites, corporate service and communication tools, etc.), already account for a large proportion of the services people access every day. Every day, therefore, quality of network experience has more and more to do with quality of life.

Ultimately every service is delivered to an individual. And those individuals will benefit from the services being delivered in a way that fits their personal needs and desires. This experience cannot be the privilege of the few. It must be as true for customers in emerging countries with just a dollar to spend, as for businesses in developed countries with greater resources, and for the trillions of devices that make up the Internet of Things.

Our vision acknowledges that communications service providers need to manage this complexity wisely, ensuring the necessary security and authentication for users, while having the ability to profitably deliver a customized experience, based on a person’s locations, context, device, usage patterns and preferences.

Our vision guides our mission, and our mission is to build more valuable customer relationships. The individual communications experience builds more valuable customer relationships.

CHAPTER: 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 Scientific recruitment and selection

The importance of selection recruitment and selection of staff is now

accepted in the business world. Selection is important as it has its impact

on work performance and employee cost. As result scientific methods of

recruitment and selection are extensively for the selection of managers

and the supervisory staff. The assistance of experts such as industrial

psychologist and management consultants are also taken for the purpose

of scientific selection. As a result, the objective of “right man for the right

job” is achieved in many organizations. Moreover, “right job” is the basic

principle in manpower procurement.

3.2 RECRUITMENT PROCESS

Recruitment refers to the process of identifying and attracting job

seekers so as to build a pool of qualified job applicants. The process

comprises five interrelated stages, viz,

1. Planning.

2. Strategy development.

3. Searching.

4. Screening.

5. Evaluation and control.

The ideal recruitment programme is the one that attracts a relatively

larger number of qualified applicants who will survive the screening

process and accept positions with the organisation, when offered.

Recruitment programmes can miss the ideal in many ways i.e. by failing to

attract an adequate applicant pool, by under/over selling the organisation

or by inadequate screening applicants before they enter the selection

process. Thus, to approach the ideal, individuals responsible for the

recruitment process must know how many and what types of employees

are needed, where and how to look for the individuals with the

appropriate qualifications and interests, what inducement to use for

various types of applicants groups, how to distinguish applicants who are

qualified from those who have a reasonable chance of success and how to

evaluate their work.

STAGE 1:

RECRUITMENT PLANNING:

The first stage in the recruitment process is planning. Planning

involves the translation of likely job vacancies and information about the

nature of these jobs into set of objectives or targets that specify the (1)

Numbers and (2) Types of applicants to be contacted.

Numbers of contact :

Organization, nearly always, plan to attract more applicants than

they will hire. Some of those contacted will be uninterested, unqualified or

both. Each time a recruitment Programme is contemplated, one task is to

estimate the number of applicants necessary to fill all vacancies with the

qualified people.

Types of contacts:

It is basically concerned with the types of people to be informed

about job openings. The type of people depends on the tasks and

responsibilities involved and the qualifications and experience expected.

These details are available through job description and job specification.

STAGE 2:

STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT :

When it is estimated that what types of recruitment and how many

are required then one has concentrate in

(1). Make or Buy employees. (2). Technological sophistication of

recruitment and selection devices. (3). Geographical distribution of

labour markets comprising job seekers. (4). Sources of recruitment.

(5). Sequencing the activities in the recruitment process.

‘Make’ or ‘Buy’:

Organisation must decide whether to hire le skilled employees and

invest on training and education programmes, or they can hire skilled

labour and professional. Essentially, this is the ‘make’ or ‘buy’ decision.

Organizations, which hire skilled and professionals shall have to pay more

for these employees.

Technological Sophistication:

The second decision in strategy development relates to the methods

used in recruitment and selection. This decision is mainly influenced by

the available technology. The advent of computers has made it possible for

employers to scan national and international applicant qualification.

Although impersonal, computers have given employers and ob seekers a

wider scope of options in the initial screening stage.

Where to look:

In order to reduce the costs, organisations look in to labour markets

most likely to offer the required job seekers. Generally, companies look in

to the national market for managerial and professional employees,

regional or local markets for technical employees and local markets for

the clerical and blue-collar employees.

When to look:

An effective recruiting strategy must determine when to look-

decideon the timings of events besides knowing where and how to

look for job applicants .

STAGE 3:

SEARCHNG:

Once a recruitment plan and strategy are worked out, the search

process can begin. Search involves two steps

A). Source activation and

B). Selling.

A). SOURCE ACTIVATION:

Typically, sources and search methods are activated by the

issuance of an employee requisition. This means that no actual recruiting

takes place until lone managers have verified that vacancy does exist or

will exist.

If the organisation has planned well and done a good job of

developing its sources and search methods, activation soon results in a

flood of applications and/or resumes.

The application received must be screened. Those who pass have to

be contacted and invited for interview. Unsuccessful applicants must be

sent letter of regret.

B). SELLING:

A second issue to be addressed in the searching process concerns

communications. Here, organisation walks tightrope. On one hand, they

want to do whatever they can to attract desirable applicants. On the other

hand, they must resist the temptation of overselling their virtues.

In selling the organisation, both the message and the media deserve

attention. Message refers to the employment advertisement. With regards

to media, it may be stated that effectiveness of any recruiting message

depends on the media. Media are several-some have low credibility, while

others enjoy high credibility. Selection of medium or media needs to be

done with a lot of care.

STEP 4:

SCREENING:

Screening of applicants can be regarded as an integral part of the

recruiting process, though many view it as the first step in the selection

process. Even the definition on recruitment, we quoted in the beginning of

this chapter, excludes screening from its scope. However, we have

included screening in recruitment for valid reasons. The selection process

will begin after the applications have been scrutinized and short-listed.

Hiring of professors in a university is a typical situation. Application

received in response to advertisements is screened and only eligible

applicants are called for an interview. A selection committee comprising

the Vice-chancellor, Registrar and subject experts conducts interview.

Here, the recruitment process extends up to screening the applications.

The selection process commences only later.

Purpose of screening

The purpose of screening is to remove from the recruitment process,

at an early stage, those applicants who are visibly unqualified for the job.

Effective screening can save a great deal of time and money. Care must be

exercised, however, to assure that potentially good employees are not

rejected without justification.

In screening, clear job specifications are invaluable. It is both good

practice and a legal necessity that applicant’s qualification is judged on

the basis of their knowledge, skills, abilities and interest required to do

the job.

The techniques used to screen applicants vary depending on the

candidate sources and recruiting methods used. Interview and application

blanks may be used to screen walk-ins. Campus recruiters and agency

representatives use interviews and resumes. Reference checks are also

useful in screening.

STAGE 5:

EVALUATION AND CONTROL:

Evaluation and control is necessary as considerable costs are

incurred in the recruitment process. The costs generally incurred are: -

1. Salaries for recruiters.

2. Management and professional time spent on preparing job description,

job specifications, advertisements, agency liaison and so forth.

3. The cost of advertisements or other recruitment methods, that is,

agency fees.

4. Recruitment overheads and administrative expenses.

5. Costs of overtime and outsourcing while the vacancies remain unfilled.

6. Cost of recruiting unsuitable candidates for the selection process.

3.3 EVALUATION OF RECRUITMENT PROCESS

The recruitment has the objective of searching for and obtaining

applications for job seekers in sufficient number and quality. Keeping this

objective in the mind, the evaluation might include:

1. Return rate of application sent out.

2. Number of suitable candidates for selection.

3. Retention and performance of the candidates selected.

4. Cost of the recruitment process

5. Time lapsed data

6. Comments on image projected.

3.4 Sources of Recruitment

SOURCES OF MANAGERIAL RECRUITMENT

INTERNAL SOURCES EXTERNAL SOURCES

1) Promotion 1) Campus recruitment

2) Transfers 2) Press advertisement

3) Internal notification 3) Management consultancy service

(Advertisement) & private employment exchanges

4) Retirement 4) Deputation of personnel or transfer

from one enterprise to another

5) Recall 5) Management training schemes

6) Former employees 6) Walk-ins, write-ins, talk-ins

7) Miscellaneous external sources

The sources of recruitment can be broadly categorized into internal and

external sources-

(I) Internal Recruitment – Internal recruitment seeks applicants for

positions from within the company. The various internal sources

include

Promotions and Transfers –

Promotion is an effective means using job posting and

personnel records. Job posting requires notifying vacant positions by

posting notices, circulating publications or announcing at staff

meetings and inviting employees to apply. Personnel records help

discover employees who are doing jobs below their educational

qualifications or skill levels. Promotions has many advantages like it is

good public relations, builds morale, encourages competent individuals

who are ambitious, improves the probability of good selection since

information on the individual’s performance is readily available, is

cheaper than going outside to recruit, those chosen internally are

familiar with the organization thus reducing the orientation time and

energy and also acts as a training device for developing middle-level

and top-level managers. However, promotions restrict the field of

selection preventing fresh blood & ideas from entering the

organization. It also leads to inbreeding in the organization. Transfers

are also important in providing employees with a broad-based view of

the organization, necessary for future promotions.

Employee referrals-

Employees can develop good prospects for their families and

friends by acquainting them with the advantages of a job with the

company, furnishing them with introduction and encouraging them to

apply. This is a very effective means as many qualified people can be

reached at a very low cost to the company. The other advantages are

that the employees would bring only those referrals that they feel

would be able to fit in the organization based on their own experience.

The organization can be assured of the reliability and the character of

the referrals. In this way, the organization can also fulfill social

obligations and create goodwill.

Former Employees-

These include retired employees who are willing to work on a

part-time basis, individuals who left work and are willing to come back

for higher compensations. Even retrenched employees are taken up

once again. The advantage here is that the people are already known to

the organization and there is no need to find out their past

performance and character. Also, there is no need of an orientation

program for them, since they are familiar with the organization.

Dependents of deceased employees-

Usually, banks follow this policy. If an employee dies, his / her

spouse or son or daughter is recruited in their place. This is usually an

effective way to fulfill social obligation and create goodwill.

Recalls : -

When management faces a problem, which can be solved only

by a manager who has proceeded on long leave, it may de decided to

recall that persons after the problem is solved, his leave may be

extended.

Retirements : -

At times, management may not find suitable candidates in

place of the one who had retired, after meritorious service. Under the

circumstances, management may decide to call retired managers with

new extension.

Internal notification (advertisement) : -

Sometimes, management issues an internal notification for the

benefit of existing employees. Most employees know from their own

experience about the requirement of the job and what sort of person

the company is looking for. Often employees have friends or

acquaintances who meet these requirements. Suitable persons are

appointed at the vacant posts.

(II) External Recruitment – External recruitment seeks applicants for

positions from sources outside the company. They have outnumbered the

internal methods. The various external sources include

Professional or Trade Associations :-

Many associations provide placement service to its members.

It consists of compiling job seeker’s lists and providing access to

members during regional or national conventions. Also, the

publications of these associations carry classified advertisements from

employers interested in recruiting their members. These are

particularly useful for attracting highly educated, experienced or

skilled personnel. Also, the recruiters can zero on in specific job

seekers, especially for hard-to-fill technical posts.

Advertisements :-

It is a popular method of seeking recruits, as many recruiters

prefer advertisements because of their wide reach. Want ads describe

the job benefits, identify the employer and tell those interested how to

apply. Newspaper is the most common medium but for highly

specialized recruits, advertisements may be placed in professional or

business journals.

Advertisements must contain proper information like the job

content, working conditions, location of job, compensation including

fringe benefits, job specifications, growth aspects, etc. The

advertisement has to sell the idea that the company and job are perfect

for the candidate. Recruitment advertisements can also serve as

corporate advertisements to build company’ image. It also cost

effective.

Employment Exchanges:-

Employment Exchanges have been set up all over the country in

deference to the provision of the Employment Exchanges (Compulsory

Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959. The Act applies to all industrial

establishments having 25 workers or more each. The Act requires all

the industrial establishments to notify the vacancies before they are

filled. The major functions of the exchanges are to increase the pool of

possible applicants and to do the preliminary screening. Thus,

employment exchanges act as a link between the employers and the

prospective employees. These offices are particularly useful to in

recruiting blue-collar, white collar and technical workers.

Campus Recruitments:-

Colleges, universities, research laboratories, sports fields

and institutes are fertile ground for recruiters, particularly the

institutes. Campus Recruitment is going global with companies like

HLL, Citibank, HCL-HP, ANZ Grind lays, L&T, Motorola and

Reliance looking for global markets. Some companies recruit a given

number of candidates from these institutes every year. Campus

recruitment is so much sought after that each college; university

department or institute will have a placement officer to handle

recruitment functions. However, it is often an expensive process, even

if recruiting process produces job offers and acceptances eventually. A

majority leave the organization within the first five years of their

employment. Yet, it is a major source of recruitment for prestigious

companies.

Walk-ins, Write-ins and Talk-ins-

The most common and least expensive approach for

candidates is direct applications, in which job seekers submit

unsolicited application letters or resumes. Direct applications can also

provide a pool of potential employees to meet future needs. From

employees’ viewpoint, walk-ins are preferable as they are free from the

hassles associated with other methods of recruitment. While direct

applications are particularly effective in filling entry-level and

unskilled vacancies, some organizations compile pools of potential

employees from direct applications for skilled positions. Write-ins are

those who send written enquiries. These jobseekers are asked to

complete application forms for further processing. Talk-ins involves the

job aspirants meeting the recruiter (on an appropriated date) for

detailed talks. No application is required to be submitted to the

recruiter.

Contractors:-

They are used to recruit casual workers. The names of the

workers are not entered in the company records and, to this extent;

difficulties experienced in maintaining permanent workers are avoided.

Consultants:-

They are in the profession for recruiting and selecting

managerial and executive personnel. They are useful as they have

nationwide contacts and lend professionalism to the hiring process.

They also keep prospective employer and employee anonymous.

However, the cost can be a deterrent factor.

Head Hunters:-

They are useful in specialized and skilled candidate working

in a particular company. An agent is sent to represent the recruiting

company and offer is made to the candidate. This is a useful source

when both the companies involved are in the same field, and the

employee is reluctant to take the offer since he fears, that his company

is testing his loyalty.

Radio, Television and Internet:-

Radio and television are used to reach certain types of job

applicants such as skilled workers. Radio and television are used but

sparingly, and that too, by government departments only. Companies in

the private sector are hesitant to use the media because of high costs

and also because they fear that such advertising will make the

companies look desperate and damage their conservative image.

However, there is nothing inherently desperate about using radio and

television. It depends upon what is said and how it is delivered.

Internet is becoming a popular option for recruitment today. There are

specialized sites like naukri.com. Also, websites of companies have a

separate section wherein; aspirants can submit their resumes and

applications. This provides a wider reach.

Competitors:-

This method is popularly known as “poaching” or “raiding”

which involves identifying the right people in rival companies, offering

them better terms and luring them away. For instance, several

executives of HMT left to join Titan Watch Company. There are legal

and ethical issues involved in raiding rival firms for potential

candidates. From the legal point of view, an employee is expected to

join a new organization only after obtaining a ‘no objection certificate’

from his/ her present employer. Violating this requirement shall bind

the employee to pay a few months’ salary to his/ her present employer

as a punishment. However, there are many ethical issues attached to it.

Mergers and Acquisitions:-

When organizations combine, they have a pool of employees,

out of whom some may not be necessary any longer. As a result, the

new organization has, in effect, a pool of qualified job applicants. As a

result, new jobs may be created. Both new and old jobs may be readily

staffed by drawing the best-qualified applicants from this employee

pool. This method facilitates the immediate implementation of an

organization’s strategic plan. It enables an organization to pursue a

business plan, However, the need to displace employees and to integrate

a large number of them rather quickly into a new organization means

that the personnel-planning and selection process becomes critical more

than ever.

Evaluation of External Recruitment:

External sources of recruitment have both merits and demerits.

3.5 The merits are-

The organization will have the benefit of new skills, new talents

and new experiences, if people are hired from external sources.

The management will be able to fulfill reservation requirements

in favour of the disadvantaged sections of the society.

Scope for resentment, heartburn and jealousy can be avoided by

recruiting from outside.

3.6 The demerits are-

Better motivation and increased morale associated with

promoting own employees re lost to the organization.

External recruitment is costly.

If recruitment and selection processes are not properly carried

out, chances of right candidates being rejected and wrong

applicants being selected occur.

High training time is associated with external recruitment.

98% of organizational success depends upon efficient employee selection

3.7 SELECTION

Selection is defined as the process of differentiating between

applicants in order to identify (and hire) those with a greater likelihood of

success in a job.

Selection is basically picking an applicant from (a pool of

applicants) who has the appropriate qualification and competency to do

the job.

The difference between recruitment and selection:

Recruitment is identifying n encouraging prospective employees to

apply for a job. And Selection is selecting the right candidate from the

pool of applicants

.1 SELECTION PROCESS

Selection is a long process, commencing from the preliminary

interview of the applicants and ending with the contract of employment.

The following chart gives an idea about selection process: -

External Environment

Internal Environment

Preliminary Interview

Selection Tests

Employment Interview

Reference and Background

Analysis

Selection Decision

Physical Examination

Job Offer

Employment Contract

Evaluation

Rej

ecte

d A

pp

lica

tion

Environment factor affecting selection : -

Selection is influenced by several factors. More prominent among

them are supply and demand of specific skills in the labour market,

unemployment rate, labour- market conditions, legal and political

considerations, company’s image, company’s policy, human resources

planning and cost of hiring. The last three constitute the internal

environment and the remaining form the external environment of selection

process.

STEP 1 : -

PRELIMINARY INTERVIEW

The applicants received from job seekers would be subject to scrutiny

so as to eliminate unqualified applicants. This is usually followed by a

preliminary interview the purpose of which is more or less the same as

scrutiny of application, that is, eliminate of unqualified applicants. Scrutiny

enables the HR specialists to eliminate unqualified jobseekers based on the

information supplied in their application forms. Preliminary interview, on

the other hand, helps reject misfits for reason, which did not appear in the

application forms. Besides, preliminary interview, often called ‘courtesy

interview’, is a good public relation exercise.

STEP 2 : -

SELECTION TEST:

Job seekers who pass the screening and the preliminary interview are

called for tests. Different types of tests may be administered, depending on

the job and the company. Generally, tests are used to determine the

applicant’s ability, aptitude and personality.

The following are the type of tests taken:

1). Ability tests : -

Assist in determining how well an individual can perform tasks

related to the job. An excellent illustration of this is the typing tests

given to a prospective employer for secretarial job. Also called as

“ACHEIVEMENT TESTS”. It is concerned with what one has

accomplished. When applicant claims to know something, an achievement

test is taken to measure how well they know it. Trade tests are the most

common type of achievement test given. Questions have been prepared

and tested for such trades as asbestos worker, punch-press operators,

electricians and machinists. There are, of course, many unstandardized

achievement tests given in industries, such as typing or dictation tests for

an applicant for a stenographic position.

2). Aptitude test : -

Aptitude tests measure whether an individual’s has the capacity or

latent ability to learn a given job if given adequate training. The use of

aptitude test is advisable when an applicant has had little or no experience

along the line of the job opening. Aptitudes tests help determine a person’s

potential to learn in a given area. An example of such test is the general

management aptitude tests (GMAT), which many business students take

prior to gaining admission to a graduate business school program.

Aptitude test indicates the ability or fitness of an individual to

engage successfully in any number of specialized activities. They cover such

areas clerical aptitude, numerical aptitude, mechanical aptitude, motor co-

ordination, finger dexterity and manual dexterity. These tests help to detect

positive negative points in a person’s sensory or intellectual ability. They

focus attention on a particular type of talent such as learning or reasoning

in respect of a particular field of work.

Forms of aptitude test:

1. Mental or intelligence tests :

They measure the overall intellectual ability of a person and enable

to know whether the person has the mental ability to deal with certain

problems.

2. Mechanical aptitude tests :

They measure the ability of a person to learn a particular type of

mechanical work. These tests helps to measure specialized technical

knowledge and problem solving abilities if the candidate. They are useful in

selection of mechanics, maintenance workers, etc.

3. Psychomotor or skills tests :

They are those, which measure a person’s ability to do a specific job.

Such tests are conducted in respect of semi- skilled and repetitive jobs such

as packing, testing and inspection, etc.

4. Intelligence test :

This test helps to evaluate traits of intelligence. Mental ability,

presence of mind (alertness), numerical ability, memory and such other

aspects can be measured.

The intelligence is probably the most widely administered standardized test

in industry. It is taken to judge numerical, skills, reasoning, memory and

such other abilities.

5. Interest Test :

This is conducted to find out likes and dislikes of candidates

towards occupations, hobbies, etc. such tests indicate which occupations are

more in line with a person’s interest. Such tests also enable the company to

provide vocational guidance to the selected candidates and even to the

existing employees.

These tests are used to measure an individual’s activity

preferences. These tests are particularly useful for students considering

many careers or employees deciding upon career changes.

6. Personality Test :

The importance of personality to job success is undeniable. Often

an individual who possesses the intelligence, aptitude and experience for

certain has failed because of inability to get along with and motivate other

people.

It is conducted to judge maturity, social or interpersonal skills,

behaviour under stress and strain, etc. this test is very much essential on

case of selection of sales force, public relation staff, etc. where personality

plays an important role.

Personality tests are similar to interest tests in that they, also,

involve a serious problem of obtaining an honest answer.

7. Projective Test :

This test requires interpretation of problems or situations. For

example, a photograph or a picture can be shown to the candidates and they

are asked to give their views, and opinions about the picture.

8. General knowledge Test :

Now days G.K. Tests are very common to find general awareness of

the candidates in the field of sports, politics, world affairs, current affairs.

9. Perception Test :

At times perception tests can be conducted to find out beliefs,

attitudes, and mental sharpness.etc.

10. Graphology Test :

It is designed to analyze the handwriting of individual. It has been

said that an individual’s handwriting can suggest the degree of energy,

inhibition and spontaneity, as well as disclose the idiosyncrasies and

elements of balance and control. For example, big letters and emphasis on

capital letters indicate a tendency towards domination and competitiveness.

A slant to the right, moderate pressure and good legibility show leadership

potential.

11. Polygraph Test :

Polygraph is a lie detector, which is designed to ensure accuracy

of the information given in the applications. Department store, banks,

treasury offices and jewellery shops, that is, those highly vulnerable to theft

or swindling may find polygraph tests useful.

12. Medical Test:

It reveals physical fitness of a candidate. With the development of

technology, medical tests have become diversified. Medical servicing helps

measure and monitor a candidate’s physical resilience upon exposure to

hazardous chemicals.

CHOOSING TESTS:

The test must be chosen in the criteria of reliability, validity,

objectivity and standardization. They are: -

1. RELIABILITY : -

It refers to standardization of the procedure of administering and

scoring the test results. A person who takes tests one day and makes a

certain score should be able to take the same test the next day or the next

week and make more or less the same score. An individual’s intelligence, for

example, is generally a stable characteristic. So if we administer an

intelligence test, a person who scores 110 in March would score close to 110

if tested in July. Tests, which produce wide variations in results, serve little

purpose in selection.

2. VALIDITY : -

It is a test, which helps predict whether a person will be successful in

a given job. A test that has been validated can be helpful in differentiating

between prospective employees who will be able to perform the job well and

those who will not. Naturally, no test will be 100% accurate in predicting

job success. A validated test increases possibility of success.

There are three ways of validating a test. They are as follows: -

1). Concurrent Validity : - this involves determining the factors that are

characteristics of successful employees and then using these factors as the

yardsticks.

2). Predictive Validity : - it involves using a selection test during the

selection process and then identifying the successful candidates. The

characteristics of both successful and less successful candidates are then

identified.

3). Synthetic Validity : - it involves taking parts of several similar jobs

rather than one complete job to validate the selection test.

3. OBJECTIVITY:

When two or more people can interpret the result of the same test and

derive the same conclusion(s), the test is said to be objective. Otherwise, the

test evaluators’ subjective opinions may render the test useless.

4. STANDARDRIZATION:

A test that is standardized is administered under standard condition to

a large group of person who are representatives of the individuals for whom

it is intended. The purpose of standardization is to obtain norms or

standard, so that a specific test score can be meaningful when compared to

other score in the group.

STEP 3 : -

INTERVIEW:

The next step in the selection process is an interview. Interview is formal,

in-depth conversation conducted to evaluate the applicant’s acceptability. It

is considered to be excellent selection device. It is face-to-face exchange of

view, ideas and opinion between the candidates and interviewers. Basically,

interview is nothing but an oral examination of candidates. Interview can be

adapted to unskilled, skilled, managerial and profession employees.

Objectives of interview : -

Interview has at least three objectives and they are a follows: -

1) Helps obtain additional information from the applicants

2) Facilitates giving general information to the applicants such as company

policies, job, products manufactured and the like

3) Helps build the company’s image among the applicants.

4) Types of interview: -

Interviews can be of different types. There interviews employed by the

companies.

Following are the various types of interview: -

1) Informal Interview :

An informal interview is an oral interview and may take place

anywhere. The employee or the manager or the personnel manager may

ask a few almost inconsequential questions like name, place of birth,

names of relatives etc. either in their respective offices or anywhere

outside the plant of company. It id not planned and nobody prepares for

it. This is used widely when the labour market is tight and when you need

workers badly.

2) Formal Interview :

Formal interviews may be held in the employment office by he

employment office in a more formal atmosphere, with the help of well

structured questions, the time and place of the interview will be stipulated

by the employment office.

3) Non-directive Interview :

Non-directive interview or unstructured interview is designed to let

the interviewee speak his mind freely. The interviewer has no formal or

directive questions, but his all attention is to the candidate. He encourages

the candidate to talk by a little prodding whenever he is silent e.g. “Mr.

Ray, please tell us about yourself after you’re graduated from high

school”.

The idea is o give the candidate complete freedom to “sell” himself,

without the encumbrances of the interviewer’s question. But the

interviewer must be of higher calibre and must guide and relate the

information given by the applicant to the objective of the interview.

4) Depth Interview :

It is designed to intensely examine the candidate’s background and

thinking and to go into considerable detail on particular subjects of an

important nature and of special interest to the candidates. For example, if

the candidate says that he is interested in tennis, a series of questions may

be asked to test the depth of understanding and interest of the candidate.

These probing questions must be asked with tact and through exhaustive

analysis; it is possible to get a good picture of the candidate.

5) Stress Interview :

It is designed to test the candidate and his conduct and behaviour by

him under conditions of stress and strain. The interviewer may start with

“Mr. Joseph, we do not think your qualifications and experience are

adequate for this position,’ and watch the reaction of the candidates. A

good candidates will not yield, on the contrary he may substantiate why he

is qualified to handle the job.

This type of interview is borrowed from the Military organisation

and this is very useful to test behaviour of individuals when they are faced

with disagreeable and trying situations.

6) Group Interview :

It is designed to save busy executive’s time and to see how the

candidates may be brought together in the employment office and they

may be interviewed.

7) Panel Interview :

A panel or interviewing board or selection committee may

interview the candidate, usually in the case of supervisory and

managerial positions. This type of interview pools the collective

judgment and wisdom of the panel in the assessment of the candidate

and also in questioning the faculties of the candidate

8) Sequential Interview :

The sequential interview takes the one-to-one a step further and

involves a series of interview, usually utilizing the strength and

knowledgebase of each interviewer, so that each interviewer can ask

questions in relation to his or her subject area of each candidate, as the

candidate moves from room to room.

9) structures Interview :

In a structured interview, the interviewer uses preset standardized

questions, which are put to all the interviewees. This interview is also

called as ‘Guided’ or ‘Patterned’ interview. It is useful for valid

results, especially when dealing with the large number of applicants.

10) Unstructured Interview:

It is also known as ‘Unpatterned’ interview, the interview is

largely unplanned and the interviewee does most of the talking.

Unguided interview is advantageous in as much as it leads to a friendly

conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee and in the

process, the later reveals more of his or her desire and problems. But

the Unpatterned interview lacks uniformity and worse, this approach

may overlook key areas of the applicant’s skills or background. It is

useful when the interviewer tries to probe personal details of the

candidate it analyse why they are not right for the job.

11) Mixed Interview:

In practice, the interviewer while interviewing the job seekers

uses a blend of structured and structured and unstructured questions.

This approach is called the Mixed Interview. The structured questions

provide a base of interview more conventional and permit greater

insights into the unique differences between applicants.

12) Impromptu Interviews:

This interview commonly occurs when employers are approached

directly and tends to be very informal and unstructured. Applicants

should be prepared at all times for on-the-spot interviews, especially in

situations such as a job fair or a cold call. It is an ideal time for

employers to ask the candidate some basic questions to determine

whether he/she may be interested in formally interviewing the

candidate.

13) Dinner Interviews:

These interviews may be structured, informal, or socially

situated, such as in a restaurant. Decide what to eat quickly, some

interviewers will ask you to order first (do not appear indecisive).

Avoid potentially messy foods, such as spaghetti. Be prepared for the

conversation to abruptly change from friendly chat to direct interview

questions, however, do not underestimate the value of casual

discussion, some employers place a great value on it. Be prepared to

switch gears rapidly, from fun talk to business talk.

14) Telephone Interviews :

Have a copy of your resume and any points you want to

remember to say nearby. If you are on your home telephone, make sure

that all roommates or family members are aware of the interview (no

loud stereos, barking dogs etc.). Speak a bit slower than usual. It is

crucial that you convey your enthusiasm verbally, since the interviewer

cannot see your face. If there are pauses, do not worry; the interviewer

is likely just taking some notes.

15) Second Interviews:

Job seekers are invited back after they have passed the first

initial interview. Middle or senior management generally conducts the

second interview, together or separately. Applicants can expect more

in-depth questions, and the employer will be expecting a greater level

of preparation on the part of the candidates. Applicants should

continue to research the employer following the first interview, and be

prepared to use any information gained through the previous interview

to their advantage.

STEP 4 : -

REFERENCE CHECK:-

Many employers request names, addresses, and telephone

numbers of references for the purpose of verifying information and

perhaps, gaining additional background information on an applicant.

Although listed on the application form, references are not usually

checked until an applicant has successfully reached the fourth stage of a

sequential selection process. When the labour market is very tight,

organisations sometimes hire applicants before checking references.

Previous employers, known as public figures, university professors,

neighbours or friends can act as references. Previous employers are

preferable because they are already aware of the applicant’s performance.

But, the problem with this reference is the tendency on the part of the

previous employers to over-rate the applicant’s performance just to get rid

of the person.

Organisations normally seek letters of reference or telephone

references. The latter is advantageous because of its accuracy and low cost.

The telephone reference also has the advantage of soliciting immediate,

relatively candid comments and attitude can sometimes be inferred from

hesitations and inflections in speech.

It may be stated that the information gathered through references

hardly influence selection decisions. The reasons are obvious:

1. The candidate approaches only those persons who would speak well

about him or her.

2. People may write favourably about the candidate in order to get rid

of him or her.

3. People may not like to divulge the truth about a candidate, lest it

might damage or ruin his/her career.

STEP 5 : -

SELECTION DECISION:-

After obtaining information through the preceding steps, selection

decision- the most critical of all the steps- must be made. The other stages

in the selection process have been used to narrow the number of the

candidates. The final decision has to be made the pool of individuals who

pas the tests, interviews and reference checks.

The view of the line manager will be generally considered in the final

selection because it is he/she who is responsible for the performance of the

new employee. The HR manager plays a crucial role in the final selection.

STEP 6 : -

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION : -

After the selection decision and before the job offer is made, the

candidate is required to undergo a physical fitness test. A job offer is, often,

contingent upon the candidate being declared fit after the physical

examination. The results of the medical fitness test are recorded in a

statement and are preserved in the personnel records. There are several

objectives behind a physical test. Obviously, one reason for a physical test is

to detect if the individual carries any infectious disease. Secondly, the test

assists in determining whether an applicant is physically fit to perform the

work. Thirdly, the physical examination information can be used to

determine if there are certain physical capabilities, which differentiate

successful and less successful employees. Fourth, medical check-up protects

applicants with health defects from undertaking work that could be

detrimental to them or might otherwise endanger the employer’s property.

Finally, such an examination will protect the employer from workers

compensation claims that are not valid because the injuries or illness were

present when the employee was hired.

STEP 7 : -

JOB OFFER : -

The next step in the selection process is job offer to those

applicants who have crossed all the previous hurdles. Job offer is made

through a letter of appointed. Such a letter generally contains a date by

which the appointee must report on duty. The appointee must be given

reasonable time for reporting. Thos is particularly necessary when he or she

is already in employment, in which case the appointee is required to obtain

a relieving certificate from the previous employer. Again, a new job may

require movement to another city, which means considerable preparation,

and movement of property.

The company may also want the individual to delay the date of

reporting on duty. If the new employee’s first job upon joining the company

is to go on company until perhaps a week before such training begins.

Naturally, this practice cannot be abused, especially if the individual is

unemployed and does not have sufficient finances.

Decency demands that the rejected applicants be informed about

their non-selection. Their applicants may be preserved for future use, if

any. It needs no emphasis that the applications of selected candidates must

also be preserved for the future references.

STEP 8 : -

CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT : -

After the job offer has been mad and candidates accept the offer,

certain documents need to be executed by the employer and the candidate.

One such document is the attestation form. This form contains vital details

about the candidate, which are authenticated and attested by him/her.

Attestation form will be a valid record for the future reference.

There is also a need for preparing a contract of employment. The

basic information that should be included in a written contract of

employment will vary according to the level of the job, but the following

checklist sets out the typical headings:

1. Job title

2. Duties, including a parse such as “The employee will perform

such duties and will be responsible to such a person, as the

company may from time to time direct”.

3. Date when continuous employment starts and the basis for

calculating service.

4. Rate of pay, allowance, overtime and shift rates, method of

payments.

5. Hours of work including lunch break and overtime and shift

arrangements.

6. Holiday arrangements:

Paid holidays per year.

Calculation of holiday pay.

Qualifying period.

Accrual of holidays and holiday pay.

Details of holiday year.

Dates when holidays can be taken.

Maximum holiday that can be take at any one time.

Carryover of holiday entitlement.

Public holidays.

7. Length of notice due to and from employee.

8. Grievances procedure (or reference to it).

9. Disciplinary procedure (or any reference to it).

10. Work rules (or any reference to them).

11. Arrangements for terminating employment.

12. Arrangements for union membership (if applicable).

13. Special terms relating to rights to patent s and designs,

confidential information and restraints on trade after

termination of employment.

14. Employer’s right to vary terms of the contract subject to

proper notification being given.

Alternatively called employment agreements or simply bonds,

contracts of employment serve many useful purposes. Such contracts seek to

restrain job-hoppers, to protect knowledge and information that might be

vital to a company’s healthy bottom line and to prevent competitors from

poaching highly valued employees.

Great care is taken to draft the contract forms. Often, services of

law firms (prominent firms in this category include Mulla, Craigie, Blunt

and Caroe, Crawford Bailey, Amarchand Mangaldas Hiralal, etc.) are

engag4d to get the forms drafted and finalized.

Most employers insist on agreements being signed by newly hired

employees. But high turnover sectors such as software, advertising and

media are more prone to use contracts.

The drawback with the contracts is that it is almost to enforce

them. A determined employee is bound to leave the organisation, contract or

no contract. The employee is prepared to pay the penalty for breaching the

agreement or the new employer will provide compensations. It is the reason

that several companies have scrapped the contracts altogether.

STEP 9 : -

CONCLUDING THE SELECTION PROCESS : -

Contrary to popular perception, the selection process will not end

with executing the employment contract. There is another step – amore

sensitive one reassuring those candidates who have not selected, not because

of any serious deficiencies in their personality, but because their profile did

not match the requirement of the organisation. They must be told that those

who were selected were done purely on relative merit.

STEP 10 : -

EVALUATION OF SELECTION PROGRAMME : -

The broad test of the effectiveness of the selection process is the

quality of the personnel hired. An organisation must have competent and

committed personnel. The selection process, if properly done, will ensure

availability of such employees. How to evaluate the effectiveness of a

selection programme? A periodic audit is the answer. People who work

independent of HR department must conduct audit. The table below

contains an outline that highlights the areas and questions to be covered in

a systematic evaluation.

3.8 Four Approaches to Selection:

1). Ethnocentric Selection :

In this approach, staffing decisions are made at the organization’s

headquarters. Subsidiaries have limited autonomy, and the employees from

the headquarters at home and abroad fill key jobs. Nationals from the

parent country dominate the organisations at home and abroad.

2). Polycentric Selection :

In polycentric selection, each subsidiary is treated as a distinct

national entity with local control key financial targets and investment

decisions. Local citizens manage subsidiaries, but the key jobs remain with

staff from the parent country. This is the approach, which is largely

practiced in our country

3). Regiocentric Selection : -

Here, control within the group and the movements of staff are

managed on a regional basis, reflecting the particular disposition of

business and operations within the group. Regional managers have greater

discretion in decision. Movement of staff is largely restricted to specific

geographical regions and promotions to the jobs continue to be dominated

by managers from the parents company.

4). Geocentric Staffing : -

In this case, business strategy is integrated thoroughly on global basis.

Staff development and promotion are based on ability, not nationality. The

broad and other parts of the top management structure are thoroughly

international in composition. Needless to say, such organisations are

uncommon.

a. PROBLEMS IN EFFECTIVE SELECTION :

The main objective of selection is to hire people having competence

and commitment. This objective s often defeated because of certain barriers.

The impediments, which check effectiveness of selection, are perception,

fairness, validity, reliability and pressure.

Perception: -

Our inability to understand others accurately is probably the

most fundamental barrier to selecting the right candidate. Selection

demands an individual or a group of people to assess and compare the

respective competencies of others, with the aim of choosing the right

persons for the jobs. But our views are highly personalized. We all perceive

the world differently. Our limited perceptual ability is obviously a

stumbling block to the objective and rational selection of the people.

Fairness: -

Fairness in selection requires that no individual should be

discriminated against on the basis of religion, region, race or gender. But

the low numbers of women and other less privileged sections of the society

in middle and senior management positions and open discrimination on the

basis of age in job advertisements and in the selection process would suggest

that all the efforts to minimize inequity have not been effective.

Validity: -

Validity, as explained earlier, is a test that helps predict job

performance of an incumbent. A test that has been validated can

differentiate between the employees who perform well and those who will

not. However, a validated test does not predict job Success accurately. It

can only increase possibility of success.

Reliability: -

A reliable method is one, which will produce consistent results

when repeated in similar situations. Like validated test, a reliable test may

fail to predict job performance with precision.

Pressure: -

Pressure is brought on the selectors by politicians,

bureaucrats, relatives, friends and peers to select particular candidates.

Candidates selected because of compulsions are obviously not the right ones.

Appointments to public sectors undertakings generally take place under

such pressures.

3.10 Difference (Recruitment and Selection)

1.) Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective candidates and

motivating them to apply for job in the organisation. Whereas, selection is a

process of choosing most suitable candidates out of those, who are

interested and also qualified for job.

2.) In the recruitment process, vacancies available are finalized, publicity is

given to them and applications are collected from interested candidates. In

the selection process, available applications are scrutinized. Tests, interview

and medical examination are conducted in order to select most suitable

candidates.

3.) In recruitment the purpose is to attract maximum numbers of suitable

and interested candidates through applications. In selection process the

purpose is that the best candidate out of those qualified and interested in

the appointment.

4.) Recruitment is prior to selection. It creates proper base for actual

selection. Selection is next to recruitment. It is out of candidates’

available/interested.

5.) Recruitment is the positive function in which interested candidates are

encouraged to submit application. Selection is a negative function in which

unsuitable candidates are eliminated and the best one is selected.

6.) Recruitment is the short process. In recruitment publicity is given to

vacancies and applications are collected from different sources Selection is

a lengthy process. It involves scrutiny of applications, giving tests,

arranging interviews and medical examination.

7.) In recruitment services of expert is not required. Whereas in selection,

services of expert is required.

8.) Recruitment is not costly. Expenditure is required mainly for advertising

the posts. Selection is a costly activity, as expenditure is needed for testing

candidates and conduct of interviews.

Retention:

To retain the employees is very important in the organisation if

the employees star to leave the organisation then it’s a heavy loss for the

organisation so it is essential to retain them in the organisation to mke the

employee retain the organisation must provide a good welfare activities so that

the organisation can make the employee retain in the organisation

Importance Of Employee Retention

Now that so much is being done by organizations to retain its employees,Why is retention so important? Is it just to reduce the turnover costs? Well, the answer is a definite no. It’s not only the cost incurred by a company that emphasizes the need of retaining employees but also the need to retain talented employees from getting poached. The process of employee retention will benefit an organization in the following ways:

1. The Cost of Turnover:

The cost of employee turnover adds hundreds of thousands of money to a company's expenses. While it is difficult to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss), industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conservative estimate.

2.Loss of Company Knowledge:

When an employee leaves, he takes with him valuable knowledge about the company, customers, current projects and past history (sometimes to competitors). Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in expectation of a future return. When the employee leaves, the investment is not realized.

3. Interruption of Customer Service:

Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that encourage continued sponsorship of the business. When an employee leaves, the relationships that employee built for the company are severed, which could lead to potential customer loss.

4.Turnover leads to more turnovers:

When an employee terminates, the effect is felt throughout the organization. Co-workers are often required picking up the slack. The unspoken negativity often intensifies for the remaining staff.

5.Goodwill of the company:

The goodwill of a company is maintained when the attrition rates are low. Higher retention rates motivate potential employees to join the organization.

6.Regaining efficiency:

If an employee resigns, then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this you cannot assure us of the same efficiency from the new employee

What Makes Employee Leave?

Employees do not leave an organization without any significant reason. There are certain circumstances that lead to their leaving the organization.

The most common reasons can be:

Job is not what the employee expected to be:

Sometimes the job responsibilities don’t come out to be same as expected by the candidates. Unexpected job responsibilities lead to job dissatisfaction.

Job and person mismatch:

A candidate may be fit to do a certain type of job which matches his personality. If he is given a job which mismatches his personality, then he won’t be able to perform it well and will try to find out reasons to leave the job.

No growth opportunities:

No or less learning and growth opportunities in the current job will make candidate’s job and career stagnant.

Lack of appreciation:

If the work is not appreciated by the supervisor, the employee feels de-motivated and loses interest in job. Lack of trust and support in co-workers, seniors and management.

Trust is the most important factor that is required for an individual to stay in the job. Non-supportive co-workers, seniors and management can make office environment unfriendly and difficult to work in.

Stress from overwork and work life imbalance:

Job stress can lead to work life imbalance which ultimately many times lead to employee leaving the organization.

Compensation:

Better compensation packages being offered by other companies may attract employees towards themselves.

New job offer:

An attractive job offer which an employee thinks is good for him with respect to job responsibility, compensation, growth and learning etc. can lead an employee to leave the organization.

Employee Retention Strategies in Nokia SIEMENS

The basic practices which should be kept in mind in the employee retention strategies are:1. Hire the right people in the first place.2. Empower the employees: Give the employees the authority to get things done.

3. Make employees realize that they are the most valuable asset of the organization.4. Have faith in them, trust them and respect them.

THE ORGANISATION PROVIDES:

Good medical care they have Apollo hospital inside the

campus

The company provide free pick up and drop transport

facilities

The company provides good food facilities with low cost

The company provides with a salary increment every year

based on the performance of the employee

CHAPTER:4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It

may be understood as a science of studying how research is scientifically. The scope of

research methodology is wider that of research methods. Thus, we talk of research

methodology, we not only talk of the research methods but also consider the logic behind

the methods we use in context of our research study and explain why we are using a

particular methods or technique and why are not using other so that research results are

capable of being evaluated either by the researcher himself or by others.

4.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

(Explanation is required. Pls follow the format)

Type of research design – Descriptive research design

Type of Data – Primary Data – opinion survey

Secondary Data – from office record

Data Collection – Personally administered closed

ended questionnaire.

Type of Hypothesis – Null & Alternative hypothesis

Type of Significance test – Parametric one sample test

(Chi – square test)

Method of measurement scale– Summated is like rating

Proposed sampling method – Probability, unrestricted or simple

random sampling method.

Sample size – Give the no. of respondents

4.2 TARGET RESPONDENTS

50 employees who are in the grade of operators in Smt and quality

Process: Methodology or process involving in the Research followed during the course of summer training is as follows: -

a) Collection of data : - This is an important aspect in formulating the objective of research process

Where the data is collected via two processes: - i) Primary Sources and ii) Secondary sourcesi) Primary sources: -

Where the data is collected primarily by interviewing and personal observation and is original in nature and accurate to the considerable extent.

ii) Secondary sources: - Where the data is obtained from some published and printed sources such as newspaper, magazines, websites, etc,

b) Analyzing of collected data: - The data collected through market survey and published sources is

then processed to obtained necessary inferences and findings for the purpose of achieving the objective as well as to derive necessaryconclusion. A considerable skill and knowledge is involved in analyzing the data for the purpose of interpreting thereof.

c) Interpreting of data : - it is the significant step here the data collected and analyzed is

interpreted in the forms of graphs and figures is depicted in the report called Project report. d) Summarizing of data : -

Thereby necessary summary is prepared which is essential in the

project report of the summer training being doneunder an organization.

Helpful Arms of Research Methodology: -

Questionnaire is a set or group of questions being framed for the purpose of obtaining market perspective about a particular aspect or topic. There are two types questionnaire bing carried necessary for the market survey of the summer training being undertaken and put for the by the trainee to the sample people taken as a base for entire population:

a) Open ended Questionnaire : - where The people (also called respondents) are required freedom to present their views and suggestions for the benefits and success of the organization.

b) Close ended questionnaire : - Where the respondents is limited to the choice of answer being delivered by the interviewer itself so that quick and fast means of responses be derived out without wasting much time. Here close ended questionnaire being followed by me during the course of the summer training market survey.

Sampling: -

Sampling is a process of obtaining a number of individuals taken a base for the entire population since entire population cannot be asked about the necessary objective upon which a questionnaire is put forth needed for the responses to be derived for the purpose of generation of facts and customer view point regarding their perception of particular product or services.

There are two type of sampling – i) Random Sampling and ii) Systematic sampling.

i) Random sampling: - Random sampling is a process of selecting the sample size randomly and no choice

or preference to be made about the selection of respondents for the market survey and questionnaire to be put forth against him. Here, Random sampling being adopted by me.

ii) Systematic sampling: - it is a sampling where the limited number of selected responded is figured out based on

some criteria so that only those respondents can be asked for the purpose of filing questionnaire. Sample Size:50 out of 500

CONSTRAINTS

It is difficult to undertake the study with employees in detailed manner

individual Questionnaire will be distributed and collected with suitable interval

time .such as given during tea time and collected at lunch or given in lunch and

collected during teatime not allowed to assemble in one place and collect.

4.3 LIMITATION

This study is carried out only with employees who are eligible to cast their

votes in the works committee elections.

This study is restricted with opinions of employers by making tick marks

only.

The study will be carried out by distributing questionnaire during tea time

and lunch time only during working days. Study’s sample is only a random

sampling technique with available employers during restricted periods only

without considering age, experience and gender.

4.4 TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

1. Percentage Analysis (Bars & Graphs)

2. Chi-Square test

3. Weighted average method

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

Percentage analysis is done to give a clear and exact pictures of the data

are collected by summarizing the feedback of the questionnaire. This is

represented by charts, tables and their interpretation.

CHI-SQUARE TEST

The most popular and widely used nonparametric test of significance is the

chi-square test. The particular test is used in testing nominal data and also data

with higher scales. If the calculated value is higher than the table value, we accept

the alternative hypothesis. Similarly if the calculated value is less than the critical

value we accept the null hypothesis.

The formula by which the chi-square is calculated is: 2 /

Where, = observed frequency in the category

= expected frequency in the category

Degrees of freedom = (r-1) (c -1)

WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD

Where the relative importance of the different items is not the same,

weighted arithmetic mean is computed .The term “weight” stands for the relative

importance of the different items. The formula for calculation is:

Where,

WX = Weighted arithmetic mean

X = Variable

W = Weight

CHAPTER: 5

5.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The data, after collection has to be processed and analyzed in accordance with

the outline laid down for the purpose at time of developing the research plan. This is

essential for a scientific study and for insuring that we have all relevant data for many

contemplated comparisons and analysis. Technical processing implies editing, coding,

classifications and tabulation of collected data so that they are amenable to analysis.

The term analysis refers to the computation of certain measures along with

searching for patters of relationship that exists among data groups. Thus “In this process

of analysis, relationships a difference supporting or conflicting with original or new

hypothesis should be subjected to statistical tests of significance to determine with what

validity data can be said to indicate any conclusions.

Analysis of data in a general way involves a number of closely related

operations which are performed with the purpose of summarizing the collected data and

organizing these in such a manner that they answer the research questions

5.2 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

PART –I

1. AGE WISE RESPONDENTSTABLE -1

AGE LIMITS NUMBER OF PERSONS

PERCENTAGE

20-25 25 50

26-30 20 40

ABOVE 30 5 10

TOTAL 50 100

INTERPRETATION

85% of the employees are young

2. GENDER WISE RESPONDENT

TABLE-2

GENDER NUMBER OF

PERSONS

PERCENTAGE

MALE 30 60

FEMALE 20 40

TOTAL 50 100

INTERPRETATION (Give full interpretation of the table

60% of the employee is male

1. How long are you working in this organisation?

Analysis: Less than 6 months = 30%

Greater than 1 yr = 20%

Inference: From the above chart we can conclude that only 20% of the employees are working for more than one year and the others are less than sis months thus we can conclude that the recruitment process is good for this year

2. Why did you quit your previous company?

Analysis:

a)No better use of job skills =22%

b) No increase in salary= 20%

c) No promotion=26%

d) Far from home=16%

e) Work schedule heavy = 14%

f) Not applicable = 2%

Infrence: The above graph says that many employees came out of their

previous organisation due to their less promotion and no better use of job skills

3.why did you choose this organisation?

Analysis:

a) Better use of job skills = 18

b) Increase in salary = 26

c) Promotion = 20

d) Closer to home = 18

e) Flexible work schedule = 18

Inference:From the above graph we can conclude that the employees prefer the job in Nokia Siemens due to the reason of increase in salary and they also get promotion for the sake of these things they prefer Nokia Siemens

4. By what source of recruitment you entered this Organisation?

Analysis:

a) Advertisement =26%

b) Outsource =20%

c) Walk-in =38%

d) Reference =14%

Inference: From the above chart we can conclude that the organisation recruit

employees through walk in and the next source is through advertisement

5. Are you satisfied with the recruitment process of your company?

Analysis:

a) Yes =78%

b) No =22%

Inference:

From the above chart we can see that 60% of the employees are satisfied with the recruitment process of the organisation thus we can conclude that the organisation recruitment policy is good and satisfactory when compared to other organisation

6. Did you receive adequate orientation in your department?

Analysis: a) Yes = 80%

b) No =20%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 80% of the employees agree

with the orientation program given by their department thus we can conclude that The organisation has got good orientation program for the employees

7. How did you feel about your pay?

Analysis:

a) Excellent =42%

b) Above average =30%

c) Average =26%

d) Below average =20%

e) Poor =0%

Inference: From the above char we can see 42% of the employees feel that the pay

in the company is excellent and thus we can conclude by saying that the employees of the organisation is been satisfied with the pay

8. Are you satisfied with your organisation salary increment policy?

Analysis:

a) Yes =72%

b) No =28%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 70% of the employees

says that they are satisfied with the salary increment policy of the organisation thus we can conclude that the organisation has good salary increment policy for the employees

9. Are you satisfied with the training procedure given in the organisation?

Analysis: a) Yes =52%

b) No=48%

Inference: From the above chat we can see that 52% of the employees say

they get good training programs but the other 48% says that they don’t get a good training program thus we can conclude that the training department of the organisation do not satisfy all the prople in the organisation

10. Are you satisfied with your promotion activities in your organisation?

Analysis:

a) Yes =62%

b) No =38%

Inference: From the above graph we can conclude that 62% of the employees

are satisfied with the promotion activities of the organisation and thus we can conclude that the organisation has a good promotion activates

11. Are you comfortable with the working environment?

Analysis:

a) Yes =68%

b) No =32%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 68% of the employees are

comfortable with the working environment of the organisation and thus we can conclude that many employees are comfortable thus it is said that the organisation provide a good and comfortable environment conditions

12. How did you feel about your benefits?

Analysis: a) Excellent=28%

b) Above average =36%

c) Average=26%

d) Below average=4%

e) Poor 6%

Inference: From the above chart we can conclude that 36% of the employees

felt the benefits are above average thus we can conclude that the organisation can do better so that the employees can feel their benefits are excellent

13. How would you describe the employment conditions at Nokia Siemens?

Analysis:

a) Excellent =34%

b) Above average =42%

c) Average =12%

d) Below average =6%

e) Poor =6%

Inference: From the above chart we can conclude that 42% of the employees

say that the conditions in nokia is above average and thus we can conclude that the organisation can do better so that the employees can feel that the organisation climate is excellent

14. Would you refer a friend to work here?

Analysis:

a) Yes = 66%

b) No= 34%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 66% of the people say that they

will refer their friend thus we can conclude that Nokia does good thus

the employees are interested in referring their friends

15. Did your performance evaluation provide feedback to assist you in the performance of your job?

Analysis: a) Yes = 64%

b) No =36%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 64% of the employees say that

performance evaluation provide feedback to the employees thus we can conclude that the organisation has good performance evalution in the organisation

16. Are you motivated by your team leader?

Analysis:

a) Yes =70%

b) No =30%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 70 % of the employees say that

they are motivated by the team leader and thus we can conclude that the organisation has good motivating team leaders

17. Is the job are having the work load?

Analysis:

a) Yes =90%

b) No =10%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 90% of the employees say that

there is no work load in the job and thus we can conclude that the organisation has no work load and the work is up to the level of the employees

18. The satisfaction regarding welfare activities is considered?

Analysis: a) Yes=60%

b) No=40%

Inference: From the above given chart we can see that 60 % of the employees

feel that the welfare activates are satisfying and 40 % says that it is not up to the satisfaction of the employees and thus we can conclude that the organisation satisfy the employees but it can do better so that all the employees get satisfied with the welfare activates of the organisation

19. Are extra benefits enjoyed by the employees after recruitment?

Analysis:

a) Yes =60%

b) No =40%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that 60% of employees say that they

enjoy the extra benefits in the organisation thus we can conclude that the organisation can do better so that it can achieve the goal of giving good benefits to all the employees

20. What dissatisfied you most in your occupation?

Analysis: a) Low employment=38%

b) Low income=18%

c) Low status=30%

d) Huge capital investment=8%

e) all the above =6%

Inference: From the above chart we can see that the thing that dissatisfies the

employees is the low employment in the organisation thus the organisation can give more jobs to the employees so that the organisation can get more employees

Findings: Recruitment process:

The organisation has a very good process of recruitment The organisation has adopted 5stages of recruitment they are

Recruitment planning, strategy development, searching, screening, evaluation and control

The organisation has both internal and external recruitment

The organisation consist of a good selection process they conduct preliminary interview and selection test

The interview may be formal, informal, non directional, depth , stress, panel, structured, unstructured

The organisation make a reference check and then only they release the offer

The organisation provide with an interview assistment sheet to assist the candidate

The hr manager and the hiring manager conduct the interview for the candidates

Retention activities: The organisation provide with a good transport facility with free of

cost just to make the employee happy so that they may retain in the organisation

Every year the employees get an salary increment based on their performance

The organisation provide good food with very less money

The employees get one day leave in a week with 8 hours working per day

The employees recommends’ their other friends to join the organisation thus we can come to a conclusion that the organisation has care for the employees

Recommendations:

Though the organisation atmosphere is good but still there are few things can be made better so that the organisation can run far better

They are as follows:

The employees are not high learners so it is difficult for them to clear the selection test thus sometimes the candidate who are technically good are not able to enter the organisation so this becomes a loss for the organisation thus the organisation can make a revised questions based on the ability of the candidates

Recruitment planning is very good in the organisation but they do not exactly implement what they have planned and thus few confusion arise

thus it is also a great loss thus the organisation can try to implement the exact plan what they have set with more care and concern

At times the employees do not get good job training because the organisation is concentrating on production and thus they try to make the employees to start their job without proper training this is also not good activity thus the organisation can train the employees properly so that they can do well in the organisation

Bibliography: REFERENCES:HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT by Cynthia D. Fischer, Lyle F.Schoenfeldt, James B. Shaw.http://recruitment.naukrihub.com/recruitment-process.htm lhttp://retention.naukrihub.com/retention.htm lhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Resource_Lawhttp://www.managementissues.com/2006/8/24/research/recruitment-retention-problems-onthe-rise.asp

Questionnaire:

1. How long are you working in this organisation?

a) Less than 6 months

b) Less than 1 year

c) Greater than 1 year

2. Why did you quit your previous company?

a) No better use of job skills

b) No increase in salary

c) No promotion

d) Far from home

e) Work schedule heavy

f) Not applicable

3. Why did you choose this organisation?

a) Better use of job skills

b) Increase in salary

c) Promotion

d) Closer to home

e) Flexible work schedule

4. By what source of recruitment you entered this organisation?

a) Advertisement

b) Outsource

c) Walk-in

d) Reference

5. Are you satisfied with the recruitment process of your company?

a) Yes

b) No

6. Did you receive adequate orientation in your department?

a) Yes

b) No

7. How did you feel about your pay?

a) Excellent

b) Above average

c) Average

d) Below average

e) Poor

8. Are you satisfied with your organisation salary increment policy?

a) Yes

b) No

9. Are you satisfied with the training procedure given in the organisation?

a) Yes

b) No

10. Are you satisfied with your promotion activities in your organisation?

a) Yes

b) No

11. Are you comfortable with the working environment?

a) Yes

b) No

12. How did you feel about your benefits?

a) Excellent

b) Above average

c) Average

d) Poor

13. How would you describe the employment conditions at Nokia Siemens? a) Excellent

b) Above average

c) Average

d) Poor

14. Would you refer a friend to work here?

a) Yes

b) No

15. Did your performance evaluation provide feedback to assist you in the performance of your job?

a) Yes

b) No

16. Are you motivated by your team leader?

a) Yes

b) No

17. Is the job are having the work load?

a) Yes

b) No

18. The satisfaction regarding welfare activities is considered?

a) Yes

b) No

19. Are extra benefits enjoyed by the employees after recruitment?

a) Yes

b) No

20. What dissatisfied you most in your occupation?

a) Low employment

b) Low income

c) Low status

d) Huge capital investment

DONE BY

A. PRINCY INFANTA

MBA

SRM EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY