recycle of waste water & waste management

8/2/2019 Recycle of Waste Water & Waste Management

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A

PRESENTATION

ON

RECYCLE OF

WASTE WATER & WASTEMANAGEMENT


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Why waste recycling

Prevents emissions of greenhouse gasses & waterpollutants

Minimization of pollution

Volume reduction

Sanitation of waste (composting)


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Stabilization of biodegradable compounds

Supplies valuable raw materials to industry

Stimulates development of greener technologies andReduce the need for new land fills and incinerators.

Value addition to the waste


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Development of new water sources

Reduce consumption

Prevention of water resource degradation

Improvement in efficiency of water

consumption


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WATER RECYCLING

GOAL-

IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH CAPTURING VALUABLE PRODUCTS (NITROGEN &

PHOSPHORUS)

EFFICIENT USE OF WATER

USE

PURIFICATIONRECLAIMATION


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SUGGESTED WATER RECYCLING

TREATMENT AND USES


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CATEGORY OF WASTEWATER REUSE

Grey Water Reuse

Reuse of effluent from wastewater treatmentplants

Reuse of Industrial Process Water


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SOURCES OF GREY WATER


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Outline of Grey Water Reuse

OUTLINE OF GREYWATER REUSE


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OUTLINE OF

SECONDARY

EFFLUENT

REUSE


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REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER

BENEFITS-

Potential reduction in production costs from recoveryof raw materials in the wastewater

Less permitting and administrative burden from the

reduction in wastewater toxicity and volume

Heat recovery and reduced impacts from hightemperature effluent to the ecosystem


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APPLICATIONS OF TREATED WATER

AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION

URBAN/RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING

GROUND WATER RECHARGE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

AQUA-CULTURE

POTABLE WATER


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AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION

Important factors to be considered-

Salinity of water

Water infiltration rate of soil

Evapotranspiration rate

Nutrients

Soil property


14/40Rice farming with treated wastewater


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URBAN/RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING

Wastewater can be excellent for municipallandscape watering of gardens or grassed areas.

It contains nutrients essential for plant growth andcan be used in public areas - subject to simple

precautions - as an alternative to discharge intonutrient-sensitive waterways.

Other uses may be for watering of golf courses,racecourses, aerodromes or for dust suppression on

roads and sewer flushing. It could also provide added capacity for emergency

fire fighting.


16/40SCHEME OF URBAN AREA RECYCLING SYSTEM


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INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

Uses of water in Industries-

Processing

Washing

Cooling of facilities (Cooling Tower)


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COOLING

TOWER


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WASHING IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

WASHING RINSE

OIL

SEPARATION

OIL

UF

RO

IE

AC

TREATED

WATER

DETERGENT


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GROUND WATER RECHARGE

Uses -

Reduce,stop or reverse the declining ground

water level,

Protect underground freshwater in coastalaquifers against salt water intrusion from sea,

Store surface water including flood or other

surplus water for future use

S


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IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF GW RECHARGING

PARAMETERS SURFACE

SPREADING

DIRECT INJECTION

DEPTH TO

GROUND

WATER

Vadose Zone

(unsaturated GW

zone) 3-15 m

Not Applicable

RETENTION

TIME IN

GROUND

6-12 Months

depending on

pretreatment

12 Months

MAX. %RECLAIMED

WW

20-50% On AnnualBasis at Extraction

Well

20% On Annual Basiat Extraction Well

MONITORING Extensive Quite extensive


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Benefits of Ground Water Recharge-

Cost effective storage

Eventual distribution system

Elimination of evaporation loss

Protection from pollution

Prevention of potential taste & odor


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AQUA-CULTURE

Primary treated WW +

High concentration

Nutrients for organisms

Fish-

food

organisms

Fishes

Carp culture should not be done in main stabilisation pond, due to

presence of high BOD. In such cases air-breathing fishes should be

grown there.

Benefits- As the BOD in the waste water is decreased due to aqua culture

it can be discharged into natural water.

To utilise the nutrients enriched water resources for producing

animal protein


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POTABLE WATER

Generally raw sewage contains-BOD- 300 mg/l

COD- 500 mg/l

Organic matter

Heavy metalToxic compounds

Pathogenic bacteria etc.

Treatment of sewage to potable water means removal of harmful

components and decrease of BOD to less than 2 mg/l.Singapore has developed such a treatment process to revivepotable water (RECLAIMED WATER) from secondary effluentof STP.


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Multiple barrier approach for microbial and chemicalcontaminant removal from secondary effluent

REMOVAL

TSS

TURBIDITY

BACTERIA

VIRUS

REMOVAL

COLOR

HARDENESS

SULPHATES

NITRATES

SODIUM

AROMATIC

HYDRO-

CARBON

ENSURE

INACTIVATION

OF ALLORGANISMS


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RECLAIMED WATER FACTORY TREATMENT PROCESS

D i ifi ti / f


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PARAMETER SPECIFIED DESIGN ACTUAL

PH NONE 5.9

TOC REMOVEL(%) >97 >99

AMMONIA REMOVL >90 >94

TDS REMOVE(%) >97 >97

MF FILTER TURBIDITY


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RECLAIMED WATER exceeds the drinking

water standards set by the World Health

Organisation and the United States

Environmental Protection Agency.

The quality and safety of RECLAIMED

WATER had also been endorsed by an

international panel of experts which conductedsome 30,000 comprehensive tests and

analyses.

QUALITY OF RECLAIMED WATER


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IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS

Recycled water systems must be well managed

Waste water must be treated to a sufficient standard toensure there are no health and pollution risks

It should be cost effective


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Key factors effecting

on-site waste Managemento Operational practices

o Site factors andwater supply

o Waste collection & disposal options

o Costs & available capital


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Best practice in waste

management

Mi i i ti


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Reducing the production of waste through efficient operational

practices and use of best available technology is a key step inany waste management plan.

Examples

Feed management technology

Use of correctly proportioned feeds to minimise wastage. Optimal feeding practices to prevent unnecessary waste.

Best available technology

Efficient removal of solids from effluent.

By-product extracts through biotechnological techniques.

Water use

Economic use of water at all times.

Minimization


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ReuseReuse of materials for the same or alternative purposes can

result in high reductions in waste output. Local initiatives canpromote the reuse of materials that might otherwise bediscarded.

Examples

Farming materials Reuse of oyster bags and netting.

reutilisation of organic farm wastes.

Recirculation technology

Reuse of water in a culture tank through filtration, skimmingand aeration techniques.

i


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RecyclingRecycling of waste products to serve new purposes is

becoming an increasingly viable option as moreinnovative ideas are developed to utilize wastes. Organicrecycling on site is highly encouraged.

Examples

Organic Recycling

Composting.

Ensiling (two phase method of fermentation: aerobicand anaerobic), Recycling of Protein Oil.

Inorganic Recycling

Bulk feed bags, Metals such as steel & aluminum.

Plastics of all form, Glass of all form.


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Energy RecoveryEnergy recovery methods such as anaerobic digestion, oil

extraction and incineration allow for the extraction of ausable fuel source from aquaculture organic wastes.

Examples

Biofuel An efficient fuel source can be extracted from fish waste with

a high oil content.

Biogas Methane can be extracted from the anaerobicdigestion of organic waste and used as a fuel.

i l


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DisposalDisposal methods isolate wastes from production in such a way

that reuse or retrieval of the waste for the forseeable future is

not considered. Conventional disposal methods have maininvolved landfill dumping.

DrawbacksDisposal represents poor use of materials that could serve

alternative uses. Legislation and environmental pressures

mean disposal of both organic and inorganic waste fromaquaculture is employed only as a last resort. Strict wastemanagement legislation, means that inorganic material is theonly aquaculture waste accept for dumping in most EU states.


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Laws & regulations

On June 30, 2004 EPA finalized a rule establishing

regulations for concentrated aquatic animal production

(CAAP).

Waste management act Regulations for Finfish

Aquaculture Waste Control

underground injection control (UIC) regulations for

Aquaculture Waste Disposal Wells


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External References

1. BBC (2005). Iberian misery as drought bites. Available athttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stm Accessed 30/09/05

2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (No date). Drought hydrology andforecasting. Available at

http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlAccessed 30/09/05.

3. Source Correspondent (2005). Planning for Droughts. The Source PublicManagement Journal. Available athttp://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190Accessed 30/09/05

4. DEFRA (2005). Water Resources. Available athttp://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/ Accessed30/09/05.

5. OFWAT (No date). Home Page. Available at http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/Accessed 30/09/05.

6. Water UK (No date). Home Page. Available at http://www.water.org.uk/

Accessed 30/09/05.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stmhttp://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlhttp://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/http://www.water.org.uk/http://www.water.org.uk/http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/http://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stmhttp://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation


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^http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitationhttp://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation


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