Red Scare vs. Bill of RightsRed Scare vs. Bill of Rights

►Red Scare: widespread fear Red Scare: widespread fear and mistreatment of and mistreatment of suspectedsuspected socialists, socialists, communists and communists and anarchists, thought to be anarchists, thought to be plotting revolution in U.S.plotting revolution in U.S.

►Definitions: Definitions: Anarchism: a rejection of Anarchism: a rejection of

government and corporate government and corporate powerpower

Eugene Debs

DefinitionsDefinitions

► Democratic Socialism: Govt. owns or controls many Democratic Socialism: Govt. owns or controls many industries and uses them to benefit all citizensindustries and uses them to benefit all citizens private property is allowedprivate property is allowed elected leaders; civil libertieselected leaders; civil liberties high taxes; free govt serviceshigh taxes; free govt services Examples: Norway, Sweden, FinlandExamples: Norway, Sweden, Finland

► Authoritarian Socialism/Communism: Govt. owns or Authoritarian Socialism/Communism: Govt. owns or controls all economycontrols all economy no private propertyno private property Government is not democratic; no real electionsGovernment is not democratic; no real elections Examples (USSR, MaoExamples (USSR, Mao’’s China)s China)

Bill of Rights vs. National Bill of Rights vs. National SecuritySecurity

►Goal to prevent national govt. from taking Goal to prevent national govt. from taking away individualsaway individuals’’ liberties liberties

► Amt. I: free speech, right to peaceably Amt. I: free speech, right to peaceably assemble, right to petition govt. for redress assemble, right to petition govt. for redress of grievancesof grievances

► Amt. V: right to be charged w/crime; canAmt. V: right to be charged w/crime; can’’t t be deprived of life, liberty, property w/o due be deprived of life, liberty, property w/o due process of lawprocess of law

► Amt. VI: right to speedy & public trial by Amt. VI: right to speedy & public trial by impartial jury; right to counsel & to be impartial jury; right to counsel & to be confronted by witnesses against himconfronted by witnesses against him

Origins of the Red ScareOrigins of the Red Scare

► Antiwar Stance of RadicalsAntiwar Stance of Radicals Eugene Debs, Leader of Socialist partyEugene Debs, Leader of Socialist party Imprisoned (10 years) for antiwar speech Imprisoned (10 years) for antiwar speech

► Russian Revolution; LeninRussian Revolution; Lenin’’s policys policy► Bombs mailed to government officials (Palmer)Bombs mailed to government officials (Palmer)► 1920 Palmer Raids: police arrested thousands of 1920 Palmer Raids: police arrested thousands of

immigrants & J. Edgar Hoover, Buford to USSR!immigrants & J. Edgar Hoover, Buford to USSR!► Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8xabqmTPpAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8xabqmTPpA► Most not charged with crimes nor given jury trialsMost not charged with crimes nor given jury trials► Hundreds deportedHundreds deported► ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) formed 1920 ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) formed 1920

to defend freedoms guaranteed in Bill of Rightsto defend freedoms guaranteed in Bill of Rights

Nativism & IsolationismNativism & Isolationism

► Anti-Immigrant wave of sentiment to create Anti-Immigrant wave of sentiment to create isolation!isolation!

► Increased with Red ScareIncreased with Red Scare► Emergency Quota Act of 1921, pg 622! (chart)Emergency Quota Act of 1921, pg 622! (chart)

Set up quota system to limit immigration from Set up quota system to limit immigration from certain countriescertain countries

► National Origins Act of 1924National Origins Act of 1924 Quota for each country no greater than 2% of that Quota for each country no greater than 2% of that

nationality in U.S. in 1890nationality in U.S. in 1890 1890 chosen because before new wave of 1890 chosen because before new wave of

immigrationimmigration 22ndnd immigration law aimed at targeting certain groups immigration law aimed at targeting certain groups Question: Who would be limited the most?Question: Who would be limited the most?

Sacco and Vanzetti TrialSacco and Vanzetti Trial► Italian immigrants Italian immigrants ►Both anarchists & draft Both anarchists & draft

dodgersdodgers►Convicted for killing two Convicted for killing two

men in holdupmen in holdup►Witnesses: robbers Witnesses: robbers ““looked Italianlooked Italian””

►Little evidenceLittle evidence►Defended by ACLUDefended by ACLU►Executed in Executed in

1927Summary of S & V1927Summary of S & V

Outcome of Infamous Sacco Outcome of Infamous Sacco and Vanzetti Trialand Vanzetti Trial

►Despite many clamoring for justice (denied Despite many clamoring for justice (denied due to being immigrants and anarchists), due to being immigrants and anarchists), Gov Fuller of MA sentenced them to die in Gov Fuller of MA sentenced them to die in the electric chair on 8/23/1927the electric chair on 8/23/1927

►1961 – ballistics proved the gun found on 1961 – ballistics proved the gun found on Sacco did kill the factory paymaster, but it Sacco did kill the factory paymaster, but it did not prove he pulled the trigger, poor did not prove he pulled the trigger, poor Vanzetti?Vanzetti?

►““Keep America for Americans” became the Keep America for Americans” became the prevailing attitude – Native Americans?prevailing attitude – Native Americans?

KKKKKK►Claimed to be devoted to “100% Claimed to be devoted to “100%

Americanism” and by 19254 they had Americanism” and by 19254 they had 4.5 million members4.5 million members

►Wanted to keep “blacks in their place” Wanted to keep “blacks in their place” but wanted all Jews, Catholics, and but wanted all Jews, Catholics, and unions driven out of the USunions driven out of the US

►Though the Klan ran many southern Though the Klan ran many southern state govts, by the end of the 1920s their state govts, by the end of the 1920s their criminal activity decreased its powercriminal activity decreased its power

Labor UnrestLabor Unrest

► During the war labor didn’t protest poor working During the war labor didn’t protest poor working conditions, but in 1919 more than 3,000 strikes occurredconditions, but in 1919 more than 3,000 strikes occurred

► Employers, trying to stop strikes, manipulated fears of Employers, trying to stop strikes, manipulated fears of the Red Scare and called by claiming workers were the Red Scare and called by claiming workers were communists (poor and communism)communists (poor and communism)

►Know the following 3 Strikes:Know the following 3 Strikes: The Boston Police Strike –The Boston Police Strike – The Steel Mill Strike – The Steel Mill Strike – The Coal Miner’s Strike – John L. LewisThe Coal Miner’s Strike – John L. Lewis Overall, labor movement hurt workers Overall, labor movement hurt workers

because…because…