reducing disaster risk and adapting to climate...
TRANSCRIPT
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Silvia Llosa Programme Officer United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat
www.unisdr.org EU Green Week 200924 June 2009
Reducing Disaster Risk and Adapting to Climate Change
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Overview
www.unisdr.org
Disasters are a development failure
Key issue is human vulnerability
Climate change makes a bad situation worse, adds to the urgency
Main problem is awareness and political commitment
Knowledge, tools and policy frameworks are available and need to be scaled up
Increased understanding of need to reduce risk to adapt to climate change
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Global trendsDisasters are NOT natural
Hazards:Hazards: Natural and humanNatural and human--inducedinduced
Vulnerability:Vulnerability:SocioSocio--economic: poverty,economic: poverty,
unplanned urban growth, lack of unplanned urban growth, lack of awareness and institutional capacities...awareness and institutional capacities...
Physical: insufficient land use planning, Physical: insufficient land use planning, housing, infrastructures located in hazard housing, infrastructures located in hazard prone areas...prone areas...
Environmental degradation Environmental degradation ecosystem degradation; coastal, ecosystem degradation; coastal, watershed, marshlandwatershed, marshland……), etc.), etc.
HAZARDS +HAZARDS +EXTREME EVENTSEXTREME EVENTS
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
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Occurrence: 321 countryOccurrence: 321 country--level disasters*level disasters*Total Deaths: 235,816Total Deaths: 235,816Total Affected: 211,6 millionTotal Affected: 211,6 millionEstimated Damages: 181 billion US$Estimated Damages: 181 billion US$* Epidemics and Insect Infestation excluded* Epidemics and Insect Infestation excluded
2008 Disaster statistics
CRED- UC Louvain 2009
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Disaster risk is intensively concentrated
2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate
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it’s unevenly distributed…..
22.5 million exposed per year
GDPcap. US$31,267
HDI =0.953
Mortality ratio = 1
16 million exposed per year
GDP cap. US$5,137
HDI = 0.771
Mortality ratio = 17
2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate
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………….and increasing rapidly
2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate
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Climate change and disaster risks
1. Evidence of more extreme events already found (IPCC Assessment) – temperatures rising, loss of glaciers and polar ice, drought, heavy rainfall, heat waves, stronger tropical cyclones, floods
2. Populated deltas of Asia and Africa as well as SIDS are most at risk to sea-level rise
3. Impacts in two ways (i) more extreme events (increased frequency and intensity) and (ii) greater vulnerability to hazards - from stresses on ecosystems and water.
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Growing understanding of the link between disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change
In the Convention: needs of “countries with areas prone to natural disasters”
In the Bali Action Plan: disaster risk reduction strategies
At Poznan UNFCCC official workshop on risk issues
In UNFCCC Nairobi Work Programme: technical paper and workshop
Next agreement: Included in negotiating text
IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Adaptation
UN Secretary General: a first line of defence
In EC: White paper links with Communication on DRR
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Disaster reduction - practical actions to reduce vulnerability
Map and avoid high-risk zones Build hazard-resistant structures and housesProtect and develop hazard buffers (forests, reefs, etc)Develop culture of prevention and resilienceImprove early warning and response systemsBuild institutions, and development policies and plans, to
actively contribute to these goals
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When to reduce risks:
A. Accumulated risk: invest selectively in critical facilities - hospitals, schools, infrastructure lifelines
B. New developments: ensure land uses, environmental management, building designs, reduce not increase risk
C. Post-event recovery: “build back better”, advocate and organise to reduce future risks
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The Hyogo FrameworkPriorities for action to achieve a substantial reduction in lossesDisaster risk reduction as a priority with strong institutional basis for actionIdentify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warningKnowledge, innovation, education for culture of safety and resilienceReduce the underlying risk factorsStrengthen disaster preparedness for effective response
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Mixed progress in reducing risk
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14Progress in Europe in reducing risk
Out of 46 Countries:
11 have developed a National Platform:Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia (FRY) Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.
33 have designated HFA Focal PointsAlbania, Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
Countries in final stages of developing a NPs or pending official communication to UNISDR:Monaco, Turkey, Norway, Poland, Georgia
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Recommendations for Europe at regional level
Prioritize DRR in the agenda of regional and subregional entities;
Standardize data collection at regional level both post disasters and during risk assessments;
Standardize and share information on methodology related to risk assessments;
Include climate change risks in the broader disaster risk reduction analysis
Integrate DRR in national and regional sector strategies and programmes
Cooperation funds should target not only emergencies but also in incorporating DRR in development programmes and projects
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Global Assessment Report key message
In order to:
• Reduce disaster risk and achieve the Hyogo Framework of Action
• Adapt to climate change• Achieve the Millennium Development Goals Goals
Address the underlying risk drivers:
• poor urban governance; • ecosystem decline; • vulnerable rural livelihoods
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Thank youUnited Nations, secretariat of the
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction International Environment House II
7-9 Chemin de Balexert, CH 1219 Chatelaine Geneva 10, Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 917 8908/8907 Fax: +41 22 917 8964
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18Road to Copenhagen
National action
by ISDR partners
UNFCCC LCA
Bangkok28 Sept-
9 Oct
UNFCCC LCA/SBs
Bonn1-12 June
ISDR Global PlatformGeneva
16-19 June
Supporting delegations
w/ DRR experts
Advocacy innational
policy fora onDRR and CC
Advocacy with and through
interagency mechanisms
Guidance notes,technical reports anddocumenting lessons
Documenting national
experience
UNFCCC LCA informal
Bonn10-14 August
UNFCCC LCA
Barcelona2-6 Nov
COP-151-12Dec
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Council of Europe – EUR-OPA Agreement: The Agreement is “partial”, as not all member States of the Council of Europe participate, but also “open”, as 3 Southern Mediterranean countries count among its members. It has to date 25 Member States.
European Union/European Commission: 27 Member States DG Environment (Civil Protection), DG Relex, DG Research, DG Enlargement, DG ECHO and others
DPPI SEE– Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Initiative for SEE: 12 Member States
RCC SEE – Regional Cooperation Council for SEE: 12 Member States
CEUDIP - Central European Disaster Prevention Forum: 6 Member States
A European Network of NPs: 4 Member States
OECD - Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: 40 Countries
Regional Landscape
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…… is increasing globally
2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate
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Tsunami mortality in women and men, by age, December 2004, Tamil Nadu, India
MaleFemale
Children, elderly and women are the most vulnerable
Courtesy Professor Deborati Guha-Sapir, Université catholique de Louvain Brussels - Belgium
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and….. hits small countries hardest.
2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate
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Recommendations at national level
Strengthen legal provisions and national policies for DRR
Effectively implement DRR in national programmes, sectoral policies and development plans
Link DRR with research programmes and projects
Integrate DRR in programmes for climate change adaptation
Further promote DRR capacity building and empowerment at local and community level
Establish and strengthen National Platforms and promote regional cooperation among NPs
Further improve knowledge and information sharing on DRR
Promote involvement of the private sector in DRR
Strengthen within national governmental agencies and ministries information flow (warnings) and clear definition of roles and responsibilities within governmental entities
Link DRR to education and school curricula
Strengthen emergency management systems in terms of MIS