reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism: project 1h

________________________

Reducing Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project1H Proposal

By

Stephanie Valdivia

A Program Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Public Policy and Administration

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY BAKERSFIELD

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Spring 2017

Copyright

By

Stephanie Valdivia

2017

Program Proposal Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project lH

By Stephanie Valdivia

This thesis has been accepted on behalf of the Department of Public Policy amp Administration by their supervisory committee

Date

Fredrick Plane MP A Date

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank my amazing parents for all their love and support throughout my

education Thank you to all my family friends pastors and mentors for cheering me on sending

me encouraging text messages praying for me loving me buying me coffee proof reading my

papers and helping me with google docs but most importantly thank you for believing in me I

would not be here today without Godrsquos grace love and strength My hope for this thesis is to leave

a legacy for the next generation I dedicate my thesis to my younger brother Erik and all my

Discovery Youth students May you ldquolove god love each other amp change the worldrdquo- Pastor Jason

Hanash

Executive Summary

Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile

delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According

to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime

committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the

lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention

centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates

Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention

centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile

Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current

programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs

available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to

implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism

This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program

specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce

recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured

physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways

were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships

and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency

and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past

experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism

Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there

are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-

occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment

into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile

delinquency and recidivism rates

Table of Contents

Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi

Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii

List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii

Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1

Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2

Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3

Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4

Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7

Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7

Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9

Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18


Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19

Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20

Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18

Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33

Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37

Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40

List of figures

Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4

Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25

Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27

Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28

1 Project 1H Proposal

Chapter 1

Introduction

Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile

delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil

crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once

juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending

on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to

community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation

Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state

level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or

prison once released

The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried

as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred

to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann

E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois

When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles

and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the

high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison

system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention

centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime

and recidivism

Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment

with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as


negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of

juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a

detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime

committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper

transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers

This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile

delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)

negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project

1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released

from detention centers

Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely

designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to

help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project

1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways

of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic

support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have

the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and

it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later

Statement of the problem

According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists

indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of

offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues

According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school


participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are

not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or

illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism

continues

Purpose of the study

The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile

delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of

implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles

There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once

released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project

1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and

reduce recidivism rates

Target Population

o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers

Collaboration amp Referrals

o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools

Training amp Curriculum

o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career

exploration

Staffing amp Administrative plan

o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders

(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation

Project 1H Proposal 4

Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps

Project 1H

Action Steps

Targeting Population

Juveniles recently released


Collaboration amp Referals

Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2

Structred physical activities

Pathway 3

Academic support career

exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing

plan Programevaluation

plan

Importance of the study

It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from

detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues

one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful

prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program

designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency

and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes

and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some

of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However

these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post

intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile

Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in

reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services


available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the

probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors

The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative

social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps

juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life

coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how

to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but

also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career

exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to

help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates

According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those

that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse

Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful

programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate

that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and

system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship

with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their

opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three

correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach

and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce

recidivism

Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect

negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and


child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or

available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents

to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences

These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the

issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the

juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools

and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and

establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism


Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review

Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community

programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on

two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of

implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H

Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile

delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to

a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or

legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were

interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers

asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in

a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of

groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect

and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside

agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance

of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement

Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or

re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and

Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents

classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism

Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more


connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer

in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides

accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity

to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and

parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied

the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their

results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install

purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those

participants involved in the study

School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can

lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class

room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander

Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance

of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to

all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from

either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three

different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and

mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the

classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a

series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events

Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the

increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing

in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents


isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the

classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile


Community programs currently available

Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the

school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends

Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program

that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is

designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students

are 5 through 12

The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on

proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this

program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships

increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of

research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This

program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures

This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special

play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in

the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire

form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to

how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure

participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There

were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or


has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also

asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience

and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept

Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time

playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going

to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with

friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program

For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able

to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos

grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student

communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to

communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner

Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing

outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing

their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program

Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of

positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their

children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program

Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family

communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also

indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their

parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate

effectively with peers and had better self-regulation


Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-

curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in

reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in

after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy

behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after

school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit

for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity

to build healthy relationships and explore their talents

Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation

between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was

distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools

Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates

attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics

student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also

inquired

According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs

have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that

neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000

youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17

arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport

programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also

help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)

Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen


birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles

the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates

According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper

rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers

Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley

(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling

and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential

program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a

Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two

groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group

counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling

with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about

careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles

focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism

In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to

juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)

were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry

programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as

juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from

the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years

of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults

and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood

and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in


community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower

conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This

clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who

have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of

time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential

Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released

from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the

importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and

goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive

environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll

Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields

6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat

risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program

consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self

overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each

participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through

documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment

battery

The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants

Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed

a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child

protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more

hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these


participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also

indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their

program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in

finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and

reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates

Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards

juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling

Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective

services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions

JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun

Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile

court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to

themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well

homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between

individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during

childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will

spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and

committing crimes

Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can

lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that

predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos

environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life

skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social


competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to

juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can

also play a role in juvenile delinquency

According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)

characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers

and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and

community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency

Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their

neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to

understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their

most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and

engage in negative behaviors

JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was

critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their

families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile

court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling

in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles

with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions

The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they

provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools

They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have

committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting

with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on


behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory- Adolescent

Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According

to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are

successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help

juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have

been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for

society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles

could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles

have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at

life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile

programs

In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify

the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such

as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack

of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological

which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although

there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person

or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort

to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to

juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer

second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for

juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the


community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse

post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically

designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope

stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates


Chapter 3

Program Proposal

The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism

Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have

been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several

individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools

Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and

academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director

10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will

help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill

out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide

effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in

the Kern County area

Background

According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to

research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of

offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child

maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this

program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-

profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been

released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism

rates by 25 in the Kern County area

Project 1H vision


Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo

(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every

juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find

their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates

of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile

detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles

re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime

committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper

support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is

currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once

released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment

Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have

been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering

guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and

purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life

they will become world changers

Project 1H mission

The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates

by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope

one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from

juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured

physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will

provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention


recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-

profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations

Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and

identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates

Project 1H process

Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers

parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile

crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact

and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to

community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that

Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently

released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate

with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program

requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with

local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key

in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned

above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity

and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile

recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing plan Program

evaluation plan

Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have

shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal

from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles

with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring

social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H

Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage

in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with

probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements

Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required

to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles

and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8

months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate


the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches

will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger

management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership

development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries

According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-

expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills

and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in

general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in

the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of

readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase

participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does

not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life

experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These

techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently

been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills

especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of

need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and

proper manner

Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such

as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches

may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health

or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase

social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen


Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest

According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports

programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that

provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical

activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence

and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical

activities at least four days a week

Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve

academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required

to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation

increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring

assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be

provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access

pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from

detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools

are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career

support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from

Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel

inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring

services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-

engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three

correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career

exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their


strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with

local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing

Solutions Inc

Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches

as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles

will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level

in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate

juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and

interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as

resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the

program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases

juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful

situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are

vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three

pathways that each juvenile will participate in


Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways

Project 1H

Pathway 2 Physical Activities

Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration

Social life skills

Individual group sessions

Positive Communica tion

Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills

Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing

Education Tutoring Assistance

Resume Writing

Hands on Job Training Skills

Positive Body Language

Interview consulting

Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring


Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been

released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to

600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos

daily schedule


Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule

Project 1H Daily Schedule

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity

230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration

230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity

230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity

230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity


The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention

center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from

parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the

program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason

such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit

is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders

1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work

experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project

1H is $524740

Figure 4 Project 1H budget

Project 1H budget

Items Cost

Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000

4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000

Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500

PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water

Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000

20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc

Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000


Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month

Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760

Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month

Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800

Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month

Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280

Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month

Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200

Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month

Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200

Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month

Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000

Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month

Total= $524740

Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from

the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents


where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively

reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways

juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among

peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative

environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three

major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism

The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic

structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who

have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile

recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they

are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next

generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel

welcomed accepted and valued

Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)

research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-

knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they

have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives

juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school

participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities

the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles

with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as

Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through

these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business


field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and

proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have

completed the program

According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates

readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal

directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for

change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an

ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated

participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project

1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help

increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential

skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations

Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism

The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a

substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through

statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of

juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering

the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or

participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life

coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will

measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H

was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document

what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to


college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for

juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and

recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the

objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism

Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-

social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars

on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest

growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this

money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for

juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers

Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project

1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program

juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and

stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work

in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to

re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is

critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their

perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world

changerrdquo- Project 1H


Chapter 4

Conclusions amp Recommendations

In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically

designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by

juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency

saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent

behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases

drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive

of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape

These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community

leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for

adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal

behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile

crime and recidivism rates

Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the

state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of

adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research

indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have

shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are

not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from

the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible

to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them

succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing


juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty

to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society

where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot

have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a

transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile

recidivism

Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic

assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles

Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected

sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a

time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper

social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an

adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or

illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD

These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into

consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important

to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been

taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these

juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority

Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check

uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education

pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe

consequences that follow


Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It

is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter

will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition

process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting

classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create

a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address

adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug

or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit

Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent

behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional

period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway

would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family

Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers

they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-

engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include

becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles

about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles

who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang

as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships

Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention

centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with

these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial


for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions

once released from detention centers

Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing

juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to

the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active

in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other

programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to

identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and

then help implement such programs in Kern County

The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a

crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the

next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as

probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to

juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is

to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism


References

Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services

The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender

Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510

Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-

efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42

Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile

delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously

incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488

Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling

analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127

Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth

maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48

Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and

assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile

delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile

Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice

in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from

httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN

ALDJJpdf


Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case

studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of

Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71

Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of

high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School

Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review

Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-

based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238

Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of

Children 18(2) 185-210

Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for

developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36

Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of

Learning Design 8(3) 14-28

Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice

Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal

Justice Center Retrieved from

httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf

Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107

httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview

Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention

Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167


May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature

review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301

Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful

graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for

success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31

Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for

incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)

231-243

Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard

httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8

Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we

reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130

Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency

and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI

101007s10964-013-9906-8

Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative

study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships

Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational

amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315

Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7

Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques

into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)

634-666

CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108

9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)

Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration

Scientific Concerns

Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology

Scientific Concerns

Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies

NonscientificHumanistic Concerns

Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke

Community IssuesConcerns

Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt

Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair

Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns

Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County

Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies

Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns

Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology

R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary

James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health

Community ConcernsIssues

(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu

Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research

Date 26April2017

To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration

cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration

Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair

From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator

Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research

Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following

I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No

I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO

Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project

If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361

Thank you

Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator

Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus


Appendices

Copyright

By

Stephanie Valdivia

2017




Date


Acknowledgements








Hanash

Executive Summary


























Table of Contents



















List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices




Date


Acknowledgements








Hanash

Executive Summary


























Table of Contents



















List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices

Acknowledgements








Hanash

Executive Summary


























Table of Contents



















List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices

Executive Summary


























Table of Contents



















List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices




Table of Contents



















List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices

List of figures






Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices


Chapter 1

Introduction



















and recidivism































continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices





























continues









Target Population






exploration






Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan

Budget Staffing


plan



































recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices






















recidivism













Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices











Chapter 2

Literature review

Background Review























































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



































are 5 through 12





















































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices








































inquired



















































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices











































battery
























committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



















committing crimes










































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices





































programs


















Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices







Chapter 3

Program Proposal












Background









Project 1H vision


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices


















Project 1H mission












Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices






Project 1H process














recidivism rates



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



Project 1H

Action Steps





Probation officers

Detention centers

Parents and legal

guardians

Local

Schools

Training Curriculum

Pathway 1

Coaching Mentoring

Pathway 2


Pathway 3


exploration

Administrative Plan


evaluation plan































proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



















proper manner

































Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices




























Solutions Inc















Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices



Project 1H



Social life skills



Anger Managemen t

Problem Solving

Conflict Resolution

Time Managemen t

Leadership Skills



Resume Writing









daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices





daily schedule



















1H is $524740


Project 1H budget

Items Cost






















Total= $524740








































































Chapter 4





























recidivism


























































References




















ALDJJpdf











Children 18(2) 185-210





















231-243







101007s10964-013-9906-8








634-666




Scientific Concerns


Scientific Concerns















(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu


Date 26April2017











Thank you




Appendices

reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism: project 1h

Documents