references - arab-hdr.org · english references amnesty international, 2002. "israel and the...

English References

Amnesty International, 2002. "Israel and theOccupied Territories, Away from the Eyes ofthe World: The Israeli Defence Force in Jeninand Nablus". International Secretariat,London, November 2002.

Arabic References

‘Abduh, M., 1980. "The Complete Works ofImam Muhammad ‘Abduh", Part III,Intellectual and Educational Reform andTheology. The Arab Foundation for Studiesand Publication, Beirut.

ad-Dajani, S.A., 1994. "Construction, notOppression: The Renewal of our Civilisationand the Reconstruction of the World – On myMind". Dar al-Mustaqbal al-‘Arabi, Cairo.

al-Afghani, J., 1981. Complete Works, Part II,Political Writings, Study and Examination byDr. Muhammad ‘Amarah, Arab Foundationfor Studies and Publication, Beirut.

al-Hajji, F.A., 1995. Bibliography of ArabicBooks for Children, second series.Department of Culture and Information,Sharja.

‘Ali, N., 2002. "Arabic Informatics: CurrentReality and Desired Goals". Second sympo-sium on the Possibilities of Scientific Researchand Technological Development in the ArabWorld. The Arab Foundation for ModernScience and Technology, Sharja, March 2002.

al-Jahez, A.I.B., 1985. "Eloquence andElucidation", third volume, fifth edition.Maktabat ul-Khanji lit-Tiba’ah.

al-Kawakibi, A.R., 1984. "The Character ofDespotism and the Downfall of Slavery", Darun-Nafa-es, Beirut, 1984 and 1993.

al-Kholi, O., 1986. "Technology and Self-Reliance in the Arab World". Lecture deliv-ered at the 9th Symposium of the ArabPlanning Institute: Towards an ArabDevelopment Based on Self-Reliance; Kuwait,April 1986.

al-Nu’aimi, T.T., 2000. "Scientific Institutionsin the Arab World and their Role in ScientificResearch Activity", paper presented to theScientific Research Symposium on the ArabWorld and possibilities for the ThirdMillennium: Science and Technology, SharjaUnited Arab Emirates, April 2000.

al-‘Orwi, A., 1996. "Arab ContemporaryIdeology". The Arab Cultural Centre, Beirut.

al-Qasim, S., 2002. "The Strategy of Science-and-Culture Development in the Arab World:an Analytical Study for Modernisation andApplication". Paper presented to the ArabMeeting on the Application of a Science-and-Culture Development Strategy in the ArabWorld. Sharja, March, 2002.

-------, 1999. "Research and DevelopmentSystems in Arab Countries: their CurrentSituation and New Commitments to CorrectThem". Arab League Cultural, Educationaland Scientific Organisation (ALECSO) andthe UNESCO Office, Cairo.

al-Zayyat, F.M., 2003. "Knowledge Machinerybetween Acquisition and Activation". ArabHuman Development Forum, Arab GulfUniversity, Bahrain, February 2003.

REFERENCES 179

References

Amin, G., 2002. "What Happened toEgyptian Culture in Half a Century: 1952-2002?" Points of View, Cairo.

an-Nadeem, I., 1348 A.H. "Al-Fahrast"(Index). The Great Commercial Library,Egypt.

The Arab Organisation for Human Rights,2002. "Human Rights in the Arab World:Report of the Arab Organisation for HumanRights on the Status of Human Rights in theArab World), Cairo.

ash-Sharqawi, A.S., 1995. "IntellectualProperty Rights: The Basis of Civilisation andDevelopment, Honouring Right andHumanity". Matba’at un-Najah el-Jadeedah,first edition, Casablanca.

at-Tahanawi, M.A., 1995. Index of Arts andSciences Terminology, Part I, Religion.Librairie du Liban, Beirut.

at-Tahtawi, R.R., 1973. (Complete Works),Part II, "Politics, Nationalism andEducation", Study and Examination by Dr.Muhammad ‘Amarah, Arab Foundation forStudies and Publication, Beirut.

Badawi, A.R., 1946. "Greek Heritage inIslamic Civilisation", second edition,Maktabat un-Nahdhat el-Misriyyah.

Bahraini Medical Association and the ArabGulf University, 1993. Conference on theArabicisation of the Teaching of Medicine andthe Medical Sciences in the Arab World:Application Steps. Bahrain, February 1993.

Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 2001.Symposium on an Arab Civilisation:Advancement Enterprise. Beirut.

-------, 1985. Symposium on Heritage and theChallenges of the Age in the Arab World.Beirut.

The Donors’ Group, Committee for theCoordination of Local Assistance, 2002.

"Assessment of Material and InstitutionalDamages – West Bank Governorates". March-May 2002.

el-Ansari, M.J., 1998. "Arabs and Politics:Who is to Blame?"). Dar us-Saqi, Beirut.

Fergany, N., 2002. "A Plan EnsuringEducation for All: 2003-2015", Sultanate ofOman: General Perspective and Analysis ofthe Sector at the Beginning of the Plan: SettingGoals and General Orientations. Al-Mishkat,Cairo, October 2002.

-------, 2000. "The Arabs v. Israel: Human andTechnological Capacities" Al-Mustaqbal ul-‘Arabi (magazine), issue No. 252. Centre forArab Unity Studies, Beirut, February 2000.

-------, 1998 a. "The Human Impact ofRestructuring in Arab Countries".Development and Economic Policies (maga-zine), Volume I, Issue No. 1, Arab Institute ofPlanning, Kuwait, December 1988.

-------, 1998 b. "A Future Vision of Educationin the Arab World". Al-Mishkat Centre,Cairo, June, 1998.

-------, 1998 c. "The Contribution of HigherEducation to Development in ArabCountries". Al-Mishkat Centre, Cairo, May,1998.

-------, 1994. "Enrolment in ElementaryEducation and the Acquisition of Basic Skillsin Reading, Writing and Mathematics: a FieldSurvey in Three Governorates in Egypt". Al-Mishkat, Cairo, October 1994.

Galal, S., 1999. "Translation in the ArabWorld: Reality and Challenge", The HigherCouncil for Culture, Cairo.

Ghalyoun, B., 2002. "Assassination of theMind", third edition, Madboouli Library,Cairo.

Hijazi, I., 1994. "Institutions and Organs ofSocial Research: Training and Consultation in

180 ARAB HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2003

Egyptian Sociology". National Centre forSocial and Criminal Research, Cairo, May1994.

Hijazi, M., 2003. "The Machinery ofPsychiatric Health: Building HumanCapacities and Employing them inHumanitarian Development". Arab GulfUniversity, Bahrain.

Hitti, P., Georgy, E., and Jabbour, G., 1990."History of the Arabs". Dar Ghandour lit-Tiba’ah wan-Nashr, Beirut.

Hourani, A., 1997. "Arab Thought in the Ageof Renaissance". Dar Noufal, Beirut.

Isma’el, S.A., 1997. "Censorship and theRejected Theatre": 1923-1988, The GeneralBook Authority, Cairo.

Jad’an, F., 1997. "The Past in the Present".Arab Foundation for Studies and Publication,Beirut.

League of Arab States, 2002. The UnifiedArab Economic Report.

Masseeh, M.T.A., 2002. "CulturalRepresentation between Television andWritten Material". The Higher Council forCulture, Cairo.

Ministry of Education, State of Bahrain, andthe Al-Mishkat Research Centre, Cairo, 2001.

"Evaluation of Mastering Basic Efficiencies inthe Arabic Language and Mathematics at theEnd of the First Cycle (Third Grade) of BasicEducation". Educational Research andDevelopment Centre, the State of Bahrain,May 2001.

Raziq, M.A., 1966. "An Introduction to theHistory of Islamic Philosophy", Maktabat un-Nahdhat el-Misriyyah edition.

Rushd, I. (Averroes), 1999. "The Final Say onthe Determination of the Relationship be-tween Islamic Law and Wisdom", preface and

analytical introduction by Dr. Muhammadbed al-Jaberi, Centre for Arab Unity Studies,Beirut, second edition, September 1999.

Shihab ud-Deen, A., 2002. "The Scientific andTechnological Dimension of the ArabAdvancement Enterprise: Advancement andKnowledge Acquisition in the Arab World".A study in memoriam of Osamah Amin al-Kholy.

Tarabishi, G., 1996. "Critique of the ArabMind" , First edition, Dar As-Saqi, Beirut.

ul-Jaberi, M.A., 1984. "Critique of the ArabMind: Formation of the Arab Mind". Dar ut-Talee’ah.

REFERENCES 181


In English & French

Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. and Donald R. Hill, 1986.Islamic Technology, An illustrated history. Cambridge universityPress, Cambridge and UNESCO, Paris.

Ali, A. A. G. 1998.“The Challenge of Poverty Reduction in Africa”. UNU/AERCConference on Institutions and Development in Africa, Tokyo, 14-15October 1998.

Badawi, Abdel Rahman, 1968.Transmission de la Philosophie Grecque au Monde Arabe. Vrin.

Barro R. J. & J. W. Lee, 2000. “International Data on educational Attainment: Updates andImplications”. CID Working Paper no. 42, April 200

Bizri, Omar, 2000“Science and technology and socio-economic development in theESCWA member countries”. presented at the Scientific ResearchOutlook in the Arab World and the New Millennium; Science andTechnology, Sharjah, UAE, 24-26 April 2000, paper AV01.

Buri, J. 1988. “The Nature of Humankind, Authoritarianism and Self-esteem”.Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 29:7.

Campbell, Jeremy, 1982. Grammatical Man, Information, Entropy, Language and Life. ATouchstone Book, Simon & Schuster, New York.

Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, 2002.“Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy:Executive Summary”. London, September 2002.

Datt, G., D. Jolliffe and M. Sharma, 1998.“A Profile of Poverty in Egypt: 1997”. FCND discussion paper no.49, IFPRI, Washington D.C.

ESCWA, 1997.“Assessment of Research and Development in Selected ESCWAMember Countries: Local Technological Inputs”. United Nations,New York, August.

Fergany, N., 2002.“Poverty in Arab Countries, An Assessment”. Almishkat, Cairo, May2002.--------------, 1999.“Science and Research for Development in the Arab Region”.Almishkat, Cairo, February 1999.--------------, 1998. “Human capital and economic performance in Egypt”. Almishkat,Cairo, August 1998

Freedom House, 2002. “Freedom in the World Country Ratings, 1972-73 to 2000-01”.Freedom House Web site.

Harbison, F., 1973. Human Resources as the Wealth of Nations. Oxford UniversityPress, New York.

Gregorian, V., 2001Islam: A Mosaic Not a Monolith, President’s Essay, 2001 AnnualReport, Carnegie Corporation.

Health, Development, Information and Policy Institute (HDIP),2003.“Palestine Fact Sheets: Statistics for the Palestinian Intifada, 28September 2000 - 17 April, 2003”.

Hourani, Albert, 1962.Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Oxford UniversityPress, London.

Hudson, M. C., 2002.“On the Influence of the Intellectual in Arab Politics andPolicymaking”. Presented to the Conference in Honor of ProfessorHisham Sharabi on the Role of the Intellectual in ContemporaryPolitical Life, Georgetown University, April 26-27, 2002.

Human Rights Watch, 2003. “Letter to US and Allies Regarding Adherence to Laws of War”.Human Rights Watch Web Site(www.hrw.org/press/2003/03/us0319031tr.htm), 19 March 2003(visited on 7 May 2003).--------------------------, 2002. “Human Rights Watch World Report 2002”, ME & North Africa.

Inglehart, R. (Ed.), 2003“Human values and social change, findings from the values surveys”.International studies in Sociology and social anthropology, Brill,Leiden. Boston

International Association for the Evaluation of EducationalAchievement, 1996. Science Achievement in the Middle School Years: IEA’s ThirdInternational Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), TIMSSInternational Study Centre, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA,USA, November 1996.------------------------------------------------------------------------------, 1996. Mathematics Achievement in the Middle School Years: IEA’s ThirdInternational Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), TIMSSInternational Study Centre, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA,USA, November 1996.

Jacquemond, R., 2003. “Entre Scribe et Ecrivains. Le ChampLitteraire dans L’Egypte Contemporaine”. Arles, Actes Sud Sindbad,2003.

Kauffman, D., A. Kraay and P. Zoido-Lobaton, 2002. “Governance Matters II: Updated Indicators for 2000-01”. WorldBank Policy Research Department Working Paper, Washington D.C.

Klein, D. A. (Editor), 1998. The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital, Resources for theKnowledge-based Economy Series. Butterworth-Heinemann,Boston.

Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 2002.“A Year of Loss; Reexamining Civil Liberties Since September 11”,New York.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Maalouf, Amin, 2001.In the Name of Identity, Violence and the Need to Belong.Translated from the French by Barbara Bray, First North AmericanEdition, Arcade Publishing, New York.Menocal, Maria Rosa, 2002.

The Ornament of the World, How Muslims, Jews and Christians cre-ated a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. Little Brown andCompany, Boston.

Monterey Institute for International Studies, 2002.“Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and programs Pastand Present”. Center for Nonproliferation Studies web site(http://cns.miis.edu).

Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue &Democracy, 2003.“MIFTAH’s Intifada Report: Statistics and numbers documented, 28September 2000 – 10 May 2003”.

OECD, 1999“Managing National Innovation Systems”. Paris

Qasem, Sobhi, 1998.The Higher Education Systems in the Arab States: Development ofScience and Technology Indicators. UNESCO and ESCWA, Cairo,January 1998.

Reid, D., 1990.Cairo University and the Making of Modern Egypt. The AmericanUniversity Press, Cairo.

Sharabi, H., 1988 Neopatriarchy: A theory of distorted change in Arab Society, OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford.

Schumpeter, Joseph, 1957.Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London.

Sen, A. K., 1999. Development as Freedom. Anchor Books, London.

Transparency International, 2002. “Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2002”.Transparency International Web site (www.transparency.org)

UNCTAD, 2002.“Trade and Development Report 2002: Developing Countries inWorld Trade”. United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment, New York and Geneva.-------------, 1997.“Trade and Development Report 1997”. United Nations Conferenceon Trade and Development, New York and Geneva.

UNDP, 2002. “2002 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.--------, 2001. “2001 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.--------, 1998.“1998 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.--------, 1997.“1997 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.--------, 1994. “1994 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.--------, 1990. “1990 Human Development Report”. Oxford University Press, NewYork.

UNESCO, 2000.“Regional report on Education for All”. Arab Regional Conferenceon Education for All, the year 2000 assessment, Cairo, 24-27 January2000.----------, 1999.“UNESCO Statistical Yearbook 1999”. Paris.

----------, 1995.“UNESCO Statistical Yearbook 1995”. Paris.

UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2003.“Culture and Communication Sector Data available for 1995-1999”.UNESCO web site, March 2003.

USAID and John Hopkins University, 2002.“Report by the US Agency for International Development (USAID)and John Hopkins University, 2002”.

Walzer, R., 1962.Greek into Arabic. Oxford University Press.

World Bank, 2002.World Development Indicators, 2002. Washington, DC.---------------, 2001.“World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions forMarkets”. Oxford University Press, New York, September 2001.---------------, 2000.“World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty”.Oxford University Press, New York, September 2000.--------------, 1998. “World Development Report 1998/1999: Knowledge forDevelopment”. Oxford University Press, New York, September1998.--------------, 1995. “Will Arab Workers Prosper or be Left Out in the Twenty-FirstCentury? Regional perspectives on World Development Report1995”. August 1995. --------------, 1993. “World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health”. OxfordUniversity Press, New York, June 1993.

World Economic Forum, 2002“The Arab World Competitiveness Report, 2002/2003”. OxfordUniversity Press, New York.

World Markets Research Centre, 2002“The Expanding Universe: Internet adoption in the Arab region, InFocus 2002-Telecoms, Middle East”. WMRC web site, 5/8/2003.

In Arabic

Abdu, Mohammad, 1980.Al-‘Amal Al-Kamela l-el Imam Mohammad Abdu [The completeworks of Imam Mohammad Abdu]. Part Three, Al-Islah Al-Fekri w-al Tarbawi w-al Ilahyat, [Intellectual and educational reform, and theDivine], Al-Mo’ssasa Al-‘Arabia l-el Derasat w-al Nashr, Beirut.

Abdul Massih, Mari Therese, 2002. At-Tamtheel Ath-Thaqafi Bain AL-Mar’i wa-l-Maktoob [CulturalRepresentation Between the Visual and the Written]. SupremeCouncil of Culture, Cairo.

Abdul Razek, Mustafa, 1966.Tamhid l-tarikh al-falsafa al-eslamia [An introduction to the Historyof the Islamic Philosophy]. Al-Nahda Al-Masriya Bookshop, Cairo.

Al-Ansari, Mohammad Jaber, 1998.Al-‘Arab w-al Seyasa: Ain Al-Khall? [Arabs and Politics: Where is thedefect?]. Dar Al-Saqi, Beirut.

Al-Aroui, Abdullah, 1996. Al-Ideolojiya Al-‘Arabia Al-Moa’serah [Contemporary ArabIdeology]. Arab Cultural Centre, Beirut.

Al-Dajani, A. S., 1994.’Omran la Toghyan: Tagadodna Al-Hadari wa T’ameer Al-’Alam-Shawaghel Fekria [Prosperity not despotism, Our cultural renais-sance and the reconstruction of the world, intellectual concerns]. DarAl-Mostakbal Al-A’arabi, Cairo.

Al-Jahez, ‘Amr Ibn Bahr, 1985.Al-Bayan w-al Tabyeen. Fifth Edition, Al-Khanji Bookshop.

Al-Hijji, Feisal Abdallah, 1995. Ad-Daleel Al-Bibliography Li-Kitab At-Tifil Al-‘Arabi [TheBibliographic Guide to Arab Children’s Books]. The Second group,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 183

Publications of the Department of Culture and Media, Sharjah.

Ali, Nabil, 2002. “Al-Ma’loomatiyah Al-‘Arabiyah Bain Ar-Rahin Wa-l-Marjoo.”[“Arab Informatics: Between the Status quo and the Hoped For.”]The Second Seminar on the Horizons of Scientific Research andTechnological Development in the Arab World, held by The ArabInstitute for Sciences and Modern Technologies, Sharjah, 24-27March 2002. Al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 1981.Al-‘Amal Al-Kamela [The complete works]. Part Two, Al-KetabatAl-Seyaseya[ Political writings] edited by Mohammad ‘Emara, Al-Mo’ssasa Al-‘Arabia l-el Derasat w-al Nashr, Beirut.

Al-Jabri, Mohammad ‘Abed, 1991. Naqd Al-‘Aql AL-‘Arabi-Taqween Al-‘Aql Al-‘Arabi [A Critique ofthe Arab Mind- Forming the Arab Mind]. Dar Al-Tali’ah, Beirut.

Al-Khouly, Osama, 1986. “At-Taqana wa-l-‘I’timad ‘Ala Dhat fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi”[“Technology and Self-Reliance in the Arab World.”] A lecture givenat the Ninth Workshop held by the Arab Institute for Planning, enti-tled: Towards Arab Self-Reliant Development, Kuwait, 12 April1986.

Al-Kwakibi, Abdul Rahman, 1984. Tabai’ al-Istibdad wa Masari’ al-Isti’bad, [The Character ofDespotism and the Downfall of Slavery]. Dar An-Nafa’es, Beirut,1984 and 1993.

Al-Tahtawi, Refa’a Rafe’, 1973.Al-‘Amal Al-Kamela [The complete works]. Part Two, Al-Seyasa w-al Wattaneya w-al Tarbeyya [Politics, patriotism and education],edited by Mohammad ‘Emara, Al-Mo’ssasa Al-‘Arabia l-el Derasat w-al Nashr, Beirut.

Al-Tahanawi, Mohammad ’Ali, 1995.Kashaf Estelahat al-Fonoun w-al-‘Oloum [Glossary of terms inSciences and Arts]. Part One, Lebanon Bookshop.

Amin, Galal, 2002.Maza Hadas l-el- Thaqafa Al-Masriya fi Nesf Karn, 1952-2002 [Whathappened to Egyptian Culture in half a century, 1952-2002]. WeghatNazar, Cairo, March 2002.

Amnesty International, 2002. Isra’il wa-l-Aradi Al-Mohtalla, Ba’aidan A’an Anzar Al-‘Alam:Entehakat Geish Al-Defa’a Al-Isra’ili fi Jenin wa Nablus [Israel andthe Occupied Territories, Away from the World’s View: Violations ofthe Israeli Defence Army in Jenin and Nablus]. InternationalSecretariat, London, November 2002.

An-Nu’aimi, T., T., 2000.“Al-Mo’ssasat Al-‘Elmeya fi Al-Wattan Al-‘Arabi wa Dawreha feNashat Al-Bahs Al-‘Elmi” [“Scientific Organisations in the ArabWorld and their role in the scientific research”]. A paper presented ina seminar on: Al-bahs Al-‘Elmy fi-l-‘Alam Al-‘Arabi wa Afak Al-Alfeyya Al-Thalitha: ‘Oloum wa Technologia [Scientific Research inthe Arab World and horizons of the third Millennium: Science andTechnology] Sharjah, UAE, 24-26 April 2000.

Arab Organisation for Human Rights, 2002. “Hoqooq Al-Insan fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi: Taqrir Al-Monthamah Al-‘Arabia ‘an Halat Hoqooq Al-Insan fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi.” [“HumanRights in the Arab World: The Report of the Arab Organisation forHuman Rights on the States of Human Rights in the Arab World.”Cairo.

Ash-Sharqawi, Abdul Sai’d, 1995. Hoqooq Al-Milkiya Al-Fikriya: Os Al-Hadara wa-l-‘Omran waTakreem Lil-Haqq wa-l-Khalq [Intellectual Property Rights: TheBasis of Civilisation and an Honoring of Rights and People.]Matba’at an-Najah al-Jadeedah, First edition, Casablanca.

Az-Zayyat, Fathi Mustafa, 2003. “Alyaat Al-Ma’rifa Bain Al-Iktisab wa-t-Tafe’el” [“The Mechanismsof Knowledge”]. The Seminar on Arab Human Development, ArabGulf University, Bahrain, February 2003.

Badawi, Abdul Rahman, 1946.Al-Torath Al-Younani fi-l-Hadara Al-Islamia [The Greek Heritage inIslamic Civilisation]. Second Edition, Al-Nahda Al-MasriyaBookshop.

Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 2001. “Nadwat Nahw Mashrou’ Hadari Nahdawi ‘Arabi” [“Seminar onTowards An Arab Renaissance Project ”]. Beirut. -----------------------------------, 1985. “Nadwat Al-Torath wa Tahadyat Al-’Asr fi-l-Watan Al-‘Arabi”[“Seminar on Heritage and the Challenges of Today in the ArabWorld”]. Beirut.

Donors’ Co-ordination Committee, 2002. “Taqyeem Al-Adrar Al-Maddya w-al Mo’ssassya- Mohafazat Al-Daffa Al-Gharbya” [“Evaluation of physical and institutional dam-ages- West Bank”]. March-May 2002.

Fergany, Nader, 2002. “Khitat Daman At-Ta’leem Lil-Jami’ (2003-2015), Saltanate Oman:as-Siyaq AL-‘Aam, Tahleel Al-Qita’ fi Bidayat Al-Khittah, Tahdid Al-Ghayat wa-t-Tawajohat al-‘Amah” [The Plan of Education for All(2003-1015), Sultanate of Oman: General Policy, Sector Analysis atthe Beginning of the Plan, Specification of the Goals and GeneralOrientations.” Almishkat, Cairo, October 2002.----------------, 2000. “Al-Arab fi Muwajahat Israel, Al-Qudrat Al-Bashariya wa-t-Tiqaniya.”[“The Arabs versus Israel: Human and TechnologicalCapabilities.”] Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi, no.252, Markaz Dirasat Al-Wihda Al-Arabiya, Beirut.----------------, 1998a. “Athar E’adatt Al-Haikala a’ala Al-Bashar fi-l-Beldan Al-‘Arabia”[“The Impact of Restructuring on people in Arab Countries”].Megallat Al-Tanmya w-wl Seyasat Al-Ektesadya, Part One, No. 1,Arab Planning Institute, Kuwait, December 1998.----------------, 1998b. “Ro’iah Mustaqbaliyah lil Ta’leem fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi: Al-Watheeqa Ar-Rai’eesiyah.” [“A Future Vision for Education in theArab World: The Main Document.”] Almishkat, Cairo, June 1998.----------------, 1998c. “Musahamat At-Ta’leem Al-‘Ali fi Tanmiyat Al-Bildan Al-Arabiya”[“The Contribution of Higher Education to Developmentin the Arab Countries.”] Almishkat, Cairo, May 1998.-------------------, 1994. “Dirasat Al-Iltihaq bi-Ta’leem al-Ibtida’i wa-Iktisab Al-Mahrat Al-Assassiyah fi Al-Qira’ah wa-l-Kitabah wa-r-Riyadiyat, Mas-h Maydanibi Misr.”[“A Study on Enrolment in Elementary Education and theAcquisition of the Basic Skills of Reading, Writing and Mathematics:A Field Survey in three Governorates in Egypt.”] Almishkat, Cairo,October 1994

Ghalyoun, Borhan, 1990.Eghteyal Al-‘Akl [Assassination of the mind]. Third Edition,Madbouli Bookshop, Cairo.

Hijazy, Ezzat 1994. Mo’assasat wa aghezat al-bahs al-e’almy (wa-l-tadrib wa takdim al-mashoura, wa ghayrahouma, fe al-magal al-egtema’i) fe Mesr[Research, Consulting and Training Organisations in the social sci-ences in Egypt]. National Centre for Social and CriminiologicalStudies, Cairo, May 1994.

Hitti, Phillip, Edward Gergi and Gabrael Gobour, 1990.Tareekh Al-‘Arab [History of the Arabs]. Dar Ghandour l-el-Teba’aw-al Nashr, Beirut.

Hourani, Albert, 1997.Al-Fekr Al-‘Arabi fi ’Asr Al-Nahda 1798-1939 [Arabic Thought inthe Liberal Age, 1798-1939]. Dar Nofal, Beirut.

Human Rights Watch, 2001A Referendum on the National Charter in Bahrain: A background paper by Human Rights Watch, Feb, 2001.

Ibn Al-Nadeem, 1348 (Hijri).Al-Fehrest [The Index]. Al-Togarya Al-Kobra bookshop, Beirut.

Ibn Rushd, Abou-l-Walid Mohammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn MohammadAl-Andalusi Al-Malki, 1999.


Fasl Al-Makal fi Taqrir ma bain Al-Shari’a wa-l-Hekma men-al-Etesal, m’a Madkhal wa Mokademah Tahlilya l-el-DoctorMohammad ’Abed Al-Jabri The final say on the link between wisdom and Sharia’a, with anAnalytic Introduction for Dr. M. A. Al-Jabry]. Centre for Arab UnityStudies, Beirut, Second Edition, September 1999.

Ismail, Sayyed Ali, 1997. Ar-Riqabah wa-l-Masrah Al-Marfood, 1923-1988 [Censorship andthe Rejected Theatre: 1923-1988], General Book Authority, Cairo.

Jada’an, Fahmi, 1997. Al-Madi fi-l-Hadir [The Past in the Present]. Arab for Studies andPublications, Beirut.

Jalal, Shawqi, 1999. At-Tarjamah fi-l-‘Alam Al-‘Arabi, Al-Waqi’ wa At-Tahadi[Translation in the Arab World: Reality and the Challenge]. TheSupreme Council of Culture, Cairo.

League of Arab States, 2002.“Arab Economic Report, 2002”.

Ministry of Education, Bahrain and Almishkat Centre for Research,Cairo, 2001.Taqyeem Etkan Al-Kefayat Al-Asasya fi Al-Logha Al-‘Arabia wa-l-Riyadyat E’and Nehayat Al-Halaka Al-‘Oula mena Al-Ta’aleem Al-Asasi [Evaluating the Outcomes of Primary Education at the End ofthe First Stage]. Centre for Educational and Development Research,Bahrain, May 2001.

Qassem, Subhi, 2002. “Istratijyat Tatweer al-‘Oloom wa-Thaqafa fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi (Al-Istratijiya Al-‘Arabia):” [A Strategy for Developing the Sciences andCulture in the Arab Nation (Arab Strategy)].” A paper presented tothe Arab Meeting on the Implementation of a Strategy for theDevelopment of Sciences and Culture in the Arab World, Sharjah,24-27 March 2002.------------------, 1999.“Nozom Al-Bahs w-al Tatweer fi Al-Beldan Al-‘Arabia, Wake’ha w-al-Eltezamat Al-Gadida l-Taqwimeha” [“Research and DevelopmentSystems in Arab Countries: present state and requirements of re-form.”] Alecso and Unesco, Cairo.

Shihab Ad-Din, Adnan, 2002. Al-Bo’d Al-‘Ilmi wa-t-Taqani Lil-Mashroo’ An-Nahdawi Al-‘Arabi,An-Nahda wa Iktsab Al-Ma’rifa fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi [The Scientificand Technological Dimension of the Arab Renaissance Project: TheRenaissance and Knowledge Acquisition in the Arab World.] Studiesin memoriam of Osama Amin el-Kholy, Centre for Arab UnityStudies, Beirut.

Tarabishi, George, 1996 Naqd Al-‘Aql Al-‘Arabi [A Critique of the Arab Mind]. First edition,Dar Al-Saqi, Beirut.

The Association of Bahraini Physicians, Arab Gulf University, 1993. Mu’tamar Ta’reeb Ta’leem At-Tib wa-l-‘oloom At-Tibbiyah fi-l-Wattan Al-‘Arabi, Khotowat Tatbiqiyah [Conference on theArabisation of Medicine and Medical Sciences in the Arab World:Application Steps.] Bahrain, February 1993.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 185

Annex 1: List of Background Papers

(Author name, paper title, number of pages)

IN ARABIC:

Al-Taher Labib, Scientific Production in theHumanities and Social Sciences, 14

Baqer Alnajjar, the Impact of theContemporary Social and EconomicFormation on Innovation, 7

Taoufik Jebali, Artistic Production andInnovation: Theatre, 6

Hayder Ibrahim Ali, The System of Incentivesand Innovation in the Arab World, 5

Khalida Said, The Arabic Language andKnowledge Acquisition, 26

Dina El Khawaga, Governing and the Legaland Procedural Context for the Productionand Acquisition of Knowledge, 39

Roshdi Rashed, The Arab World and theInternalization of Science, 23

Rukia El Mossadeq, Towards a PoliticalGovernment in the Service of the KnowledgeSociety, 13

Sa'adallah Agha Al Kala'a, Artistic Productionand Innovation, Music, 21

Sami Al Banna, The Conceptual Framework,54

Siham A. Al-Sawaigh, the System ofUpbringing (Education) and its Relationshipwith Knowledge Acquisition in ArabSocieties, 26

Shawki Galal, Transfer of Knowledge andTranslation in the Arab World, 29

Tarek Al-Bishry, Observations (Comments)on Religion and Knowledge, 8

Taher Hamdi Kanaan, Entrepreneurship andArab Economic Development, 12, ( trans-lated)

Atif Kubursi, The Necessary Conditions forthe Transition to a Knowledge Based Society,14 (translated)

Abd El Hameed Hawwas, Popular Cultureand Knowledge Acquisition, 15

Aziz Al-Azmeh, Arab Intellectual Heritage, 22Aziz Al-Azmeh, The General IntellectualPattern (Paradigm) in the Arab Countries, theArab Mind, 6

Imad Moustapha, The OrganizationalContext for Acquiring Knowledge: Transfer,Administration and Internalization ofTechnology, 22

Amr Najeeb Armanazi, Scientific Productionin Natural Sciences and TechnologicalDevelopment, 40

Fadle M. Naqib, Knowledge and Economicgrowth, 12

Fowziyah Abdullah Abu-Khalid, Poetry in theArab World, 17


Annex 1: List of background papers

ANNEX 1: LIST OF BACKGROUND PAPERS 187

Clovis Maksoud, Introduction to the ArabHuman Development Report 2003, 19

Laila Abdel Majid, Information Media in theArab States and the Transfer of Knowledge,57

Mari Rose Zalzal, Freedom and Knowledgebetween Ordinary and Condensed Time, 14

Mohamed Al-Mili, Cultural Diversity andAcculturation, 18

Mohammed Berrada, Literary Production andInnovation: The Short Story and Novel, 6

Muhammad Hassan Al-Amin, Religion andKnowledge Acquisition, 8

Mohamed Mahmoud El-Imam, Demand forKnowledge, 51

Mohammad Malas, Artistic Production andInnovation: Cinema, 12

Muna Al-Khalidi, Health and Environment inthe Arab World, 7

Munir Bashshur, Contemporary EducationSystems in the Arab Countries: TheirContribution to Knowledge Acquisition, 38

Nabil Ali, Arabic Language and theKnowledge Society, 16

Hichem Djait, Knowledge in the Arab World:The Problem of the Intellectual Heritage, 13

IN ENGLISH:

Inglehart R., Arab Development: the WorldValues Survey, 10

A. B. Zahlan, The Arab Brain Drain and thePromotion of a Knowledge Based Society, 53

Taher H. Kanaan, Entrepreneurship and ArabEconomic Development, 8

Atif Kubursi, The Necessary Conditionsfor the Transition to a Knowledge BasedSociety, 14

Atif Kubursi, The Socio-economic Context ofArab Society and Economy, 23

A questionnaire was designed to explore theopinions of small samples of Arab intellectualsof different ages and both sexes about incen-tives and obstacles to innovation in the Arabcountries and the extent to which knowledgeproduction and societal institutions in the areain question contribute to the promotion ofknowledge acquisition. The survey was con-ducted under the auspices of UNDP offices inthe Arab countries which host them. The sur-vey also sought to explore the opinions of 96Arab intellectuals active in public life chosen,for convenience, from members of faculties atthe universities in each country. (To ensurefair representation, it was stipulated that 48cases would be surveyed from the biggest andoldest universities, and 48 from the small andrecently established universities.) It was alsodecided that the sample would be distributedaccording to three criteria: sex, academic spe-cialization and academic level as follows: halfrepresenting the humanities and social sci-ences, and the second half other sciences. Halfmen and half women. One quarter from eachof the following four academic levels:Assistants - tutors - teachers- primary acade-mic level, associate professors - the middleacademic level and professors - the highestacademic level. Hence, the intersection of thefour criteria would be represented in 32 cells,for which it was suggested that the samplecover three items in each one.

Given that the survey addressed a sampleof highly qualified academics, it was not ex-pected that problems which other field sur-veys usually encounter in the Arab countrieswould arise since the respondents were wellable to respond the questionnaire by them-selves. As such it was assumed that the wholeprocess would be limited to sample selection,sending the questionnaires to the chosen intel-lectuals and ensuring the retrieval of com-

pleted forms. However, the report team onlysucceeded in obtaining the results of the sur-veys from 15 out of 22 Arab countries. Onlythree Arab countries ( Tunisia, Algeria, andMorocco) succeeded in completing the survey,while the results from the other four countrieswhich responded to the questionnaire fellshort of the survey goal: twenty responsesfrom Bahrain, Lebanon, and Sudan, and 39from Egypt only.


Annex 2: Designing a questionnaire to samplethe opinions of faculty members in highereducation institutions.

ANNEX 2: DESIGNING A QUESTIONNAIRE 189

Elements of opinion survey of Arab intellectualsArab Human Development Report 2003Building a Knowledge Society in Arab Countries

Country: ............................................General guidelines----------------------

Please circle the right answer when there is more than one option. Please answer briefly, write clearly, and put thenumbers in the defined boxes.

Name (optional).......................... age: ............ year sex: male femaleHighest degree: Bachelor Master PhD Scientific Branch: .......................... Specialization:................Rank in the academic profession: faculty assistant ( tutor, assistant teacher ) First level for faculty (Teacher)

Intermediate Level (associate professor) Highest Level (Professor)

What is the extent of your satisfaction with the state of knowledge acquisition in your country( 1%- 100% ) ....%What is your evaluation of the extent to which knowledge acquisition serves economic development in yourcountry (1% - 100 ) ................%What is in your opinion the most important obstacle to innovation in your country? ....................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................Other comments about knowledge acquisition in your country ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Other comments about knowledge acquisition in the Arab countries ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Please evaluate the fields which are embodied in the columns against the nine criteria given in the rows:

Field: (these were the knowledge acquisition/diffusion/production areas selected for the survey).

Criteria: (in each case, concrete criteria illustrative of the field in question were indicated to guide respondents.)

The extent of sufficiency of the right to knowledge in society (1%- 100%)..... ..... ....... The extent of sufficiency of the incentive system for knowledge acquisition in society (1% - 100%) ... ... ...The extent to which the field serves human development (1% - 100%) .... .... ..... ....The extent to which cultural diversity in the society is reflected in the field (1% - 100%) .... .... .... The extent to which the field keeps pace with the global state of the art in knowledge (1%-100% ) .... ...... ..The extent of improvement in the field over the last ten years (1% - 100% ) ..... ...... ....

How do you compare the situation in the Arab countries in this field with that in India*?China?

East Asian Tigers?

* 1% to 100% or more than 100% if you think the situation in your country is better. You can put the sign" - " to denote " don't know"

STATISTICAL TABLES ON KNOWLEDGE IN ARAB COUNTRIES 191

Table A-1

Table A-2

Table A-3

Table A-4

Table A-5

Table A-6

Table A-7

Table A-8

Table A-9

Table A-10

Table A-11

Table A-12

Table A-13

Net enrolment ratios (%) in pre-primary education by gender,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Net enrolment ratios (%) in primary education by gender,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Net enrolment ratios (%) in secondary education by gender,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Gross enrolment ratios (%) in tertiary education by gender,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Pupils per teacher ratio by education level,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GNI,Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Relative distribution of tertiary education students (%) by levels of higher education, Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Percentage of females among tertiary education students (%) by levels of higher education, Arab and comparator countries, 1999/2000Mean years of schooling (25 years or older) by gender, Arab countries and three Asian tigers, 1960-2000Values of indicators on knowledge capital in 109 countries, around the year 2000Reported and imputed values of indicators on knowledge capital in 109 countries, around the year 2000Ranking of 109 countries on knowledge capital indicators, around the year 2000 (sorted by total ranks)Values of knowledge outcomes and other development indicators in 109 countries, around the year 2000

Statistical Tables on Knowledge in Arab Countries


Arab countriesAlgeriaBahrainComorosDjiboutiEgyptIraqJordanKuwaitLebanonLibyaMauritaniaMoroccoOmanPalestineQatarSaudi ArabiaSomaliaSudanSyriaTunisiaUAEYemen

Comparator countriesChinaIndiaIsraelRepublic of Korea

2.7836.89

1.790.32

10.545.74

29.2166.0364.92

59.064.54

34.5225.47

5.31

8.9011.8860.77

0.93

75.8944.73

2.7635.52

1.760.40

10.005.73

26.8335.4863.62

34.213.96

32.4524.84

4.80

8.0315.7160.820.76

76.0744.71

2.7736.22

1.780.36

10.285.74

28.0565.7564.28

46.874.25

33.5125.165.06

8.4713.7360.790.85

75.9744.73

Table A-1NET ENROLMENT RATIOS (%) IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION BY GENDER,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

Country Males Females Total

* Data in shaded cells refer to the year 1998/99.

Source: UNESCO 2003. UNESCO web site (www.unesco.org).



98.7992.5659.5834.8594.96

100.0093.2368.1270.82

63.0478.9765.6098.9194.7660.02

48.6095.8899.1577.9475.84

91.80

100.0096.71

95.5995.4849.8726.2989.5585.6693.9364.5671.08

59.3769.8164.5799.3895.7555.78

40.7588.8597.1478.5644.82

94.67

100.0097.91

97.2393.9854.7830.5992.3293.0693.5766.3770.95

61.2174.4865.0999.1495.2457.95

44.7492.4398.1778.2460.71

93.16

100.0097.27

Table A-2NET ENROLMENT RATIOS (%) IN PRIMARY EDUCATION BY GENDER,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000







57.2676.93

81.2939.6173.4049.2367.21

32.7458.3274.6574.55

39.2165.8663.3852.08

87.3594.46

59.8386.63

76.6526.0478.4650.2373.34

27.0458.7779.2781.64

35.9269.9572.1421.07

88.8694.24

58.5281.64

79.0332.9975.8749.7270.24

29.9458.5476.9078.01

37.5967.8667.4636.98

88.0894.35

Table A-3NET ENROLMENT RATIOS (%) IN SECONDARY EDUCATION BY GENDER,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000






19.601.260.39

17.4626.7613.0135.2251.74

10.59

26.9613.6819.59

7.14

19.58

16.65

41.7590.28

31.130.920.33

9.4930.6329.9838.1550.58

8.04

24.8946.1625.35

6.56

19.00

4.58

59.3851.97

14.9825.20

1.090.36

39.0013.5728.6221.0836.6751.175.609.34

25.9527.6622.44

6.856.09

19.3012.1010.77

7.45

50.3071.69

Table A-4GROSS ENROLMENT RATIOS (%) IN TERTIARY EDUCATION BY GENDER,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000







26.8720.9725.9335.6724.0014.8221.8815.7014.388.36

18.2519.1922.0229.0510.48

29.8223.5420.4118.6216.55

26.66

23.82

28.4017.8134.7731.9722.9821.39

13.7818.698.44

44.9928.7625.0831.0713.1211.99

26.7222.9123.2116.5729.84

19.7843.0013.3932.23

18.0614.2710.9721.4116.9519.74

11.0111.817.08

26.7916.9717.9331.6110.1612.73

23.0414.6719.1412.8114.11

17.11

10.3722.13

Table A-5PUPILS PER TEACHER RATIO BY EDUCATION LEVEL,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

CountryPre-primaryeducation

Primaryeducation

Secondaryeducation





3.663.503.404.05

5.09

1.92

4.525.19

9.27

3.537.82

2.122.887.613.80

Table A-6PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GNI,ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

Country 1999/2000






94.4864.2931.0594.92

78.8398.3488.8364.94

92.76

92.76

92.80

83.42100.0085.07

51.77

77.7558.69

5.5235.7168.954.40

20.890.00

10.4732.56

2.06

7.24

4.67

10.840.00

14.92

47.49

19.6540.29

0.000.000.000.68

0.281.660.702.50

5.19

0.00

2.53

5.740.000.01

0.73

2.601.02

Table A-7RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF TERTIARY EDUCATION STUDENTS (%) BY LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

CountryLower than first university degree

First university degree

Higher degrees





33.7723.73

47.1167.9653.3550.59

43.13

45.96

55.64

49.28

22.07

58.1235.10

56.4757.25

67.98

39.2245.23

33.05

53.69

94.78

40.13

13.26

54.8835.57

24.6253.6432.3941.98

31.12

20.00

36.66

49.28

6.25

22.10

51.1123.83

Table A-8PERCENTAGE OF FEMALES AMONG TERTIARY EDUCATION STUDENTS (%) BY LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

CountryLower than first

university degreeFirst university

degreeHigher degrees

60.0141.8846.84

34.0551.4167.6651.7248.62

42.30

46.5271.8555.93

47.20

48.29

20.75

57.3035.18

Percentage offemales in higher

education




MALES

FEMALES

Average

TOTAL

Average

Average

AlgeriaBahrainEgyptIraqJordanKuwaitSudanSyriaTunisiaHong KongKoreaTaiwanArab countriesHong Kong, Korea and TaiwanAlgeriaBahrainEgyptIraqJordanKuwaitSudanSyriaTunisiaHong KongKoreaTaiwanArab countriesHong Kong, Korea and TaiwanAlgeriaBahrainEgyptIraqJordanKuwaitSudanSyriaTunisiaHong KongKoreaTaiwanArab countriesHong Kong, Korea and Taiwan

Table A-9RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF TERTIARY EDUCATION STUDENTS (%) BY LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, ARAB* AND COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, 1999/2000

Source: Barro, R. J. and Jong-Wha Lee (2000)."International Data on Educational Attainment: Updates and Implications". Harvard University,

April 2000 (http://www.cid.harvard.edu/ciddata/ciddata.htm, visited on 24 October 2002).

5.746.276.325.418.347.192.477.125.14

10.0911.549.325.61

10.733.705.813.763.256.356.891.354.383.268.839.427.693.468.884.726.095.054.347.377.051.915.744.209.47

10.468.534.549.80

4.935.755.585.157.316.682.206.754.60

10.0011.239.045.01

10.452.895.262.892.835.486.401.053.682.578.648.996.932.758.383.915.574.244.006.426.541.625.213.589.33

10.098.033.889.41

3.955.054.914.456.726.061.855.924.069.18

10.478.644.349.782.074.562.241.934.005.870.682.791.987.528.086.142.057.483.014.873.573.205.395.991.264.353.028.379.257.443.208.63

2.974.124.223.385.335.261.495.063.508.539.368.073.578.881.323.161.671.292.525.310.422.031.466.426.765.561.466.392.143.782.932.343.945.280.953.542.487.518.036.872.517.64

2.343.523.122.704.134.601.024.262.837.978.267.482.727.980.862.361.330.961.703.760.281.441.015.395.425.121.065.331.553.122.211.832.934.290.642.861.926.736.816.371.886.67

1.773.202.022.034.113.430.823.371.857.137.226.271.956.920.491.430.630.621.662.440.150.960.654.134.383.600.594.151.082.441.321.332.913.030.482.171.255.665.775.041.265.55

1.532.371.161.193.363.340.672.661.486.826.235.861.356.160.231.080.010.331.192.060.080.670.403.443.382.630.203.180.821.820.570.762.292.880.371.670.915.114.764.390.764.68

0.501.860.300.642.582.340.582.131.136.785.815.230.675.720.790.940.000.160.791.340.040.550.263.103.162.190.222.900.651.420.000.401.702.410.311.340.714.904.433.800.394.30

1.191.730.000.352.112.260.541.620.946.654.584.640.564.800.760.890.000.080.651.420.040.350.132.832.041.840.192.060.971.370.000.211.402.590.290.990.544.743.233.320.383.40

Gender Country/Region 200019951990198519801975197019651960


ArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOther

AlgeriaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCanadaCentral African Rep.ChileChinaColombiaCongoCongo, Dem. Rep.Costa RicaCroatiaCzech Rep..DenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEthiopiaFinland

Table A-10VALUES OF INDICATORS ON KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL IN 109 COUNTRIES, AROUND THE YEAR 2000

3.0163.0

5.0447.0762.056.0

1.05.0

525.09.0

70.0123.0136.090.02.02.0

10.0285.0

1.0222.066.053.024.0

0.352.0

231.0424.0631.082.038.021.0

118.0387.0

0.3720.0

57.0213.0152.0525.0467.0104.0

4.0269.0498.0

8.060.093.0

182.0350.0

4.03.0

6.0g677.0

3.0221.0112.0169.0

7.00.3

249.0365.0g378.0720.0105.0100.086.0

100.0363.0

4.0550.0

4.4324.1135.8

994.57a55.5

595.4

1.4

127.3629.2

0.4

3.5744.8

94.9

125.9

2.2366.0694.7

1218.52727.4120.6b

83.320.8

105.22332.1

7.12533.3

7.9158.4

6611.12524.1

13731.43038.5

1.62552.58494.6

14.862.0

187.73544.3

0.8

1767.7

129.048.129.9

0.6

151.52968.6

20577.6

24.617.810.6

19031.40.1

21045.6

7111308332016052735

5122962307

174171

1681289

1721

300947

370459

34

533149413173240

140493

192164

105289218639516254

631451010

11620

316398

94

32715

523227221712

13538727244758595

293122675480

5640

241681224

1376753

2350

296793108675156444543

3371

1631077

83354333581124375271336803

1141178419324464693195

1496

3812323

293296

279

174160

2552740

257137

1592

98

4683

94115254309

52704048

1741

455

2.34.9

5.74.4

0.7

5.00.72.43.22.1

1.56.00.74.04.72.02.21.33.1

4.62.13.32.32.2

5.2

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),2000***

0.37.40.8

85.759.00.20.30.2

29.40.00.21.55.22.20.30.00.3

77.40.34.90.11.10.30.31.93.7

15.462.90.90.30.30.1

28.40.3

102.3

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000***+

Numberof

tele-phones

mainline,(per 1000people),2000***

Number ofbook titles(per million

people),1990s****

Patentapplica-

tionsfiled (permillionpeople)1997**

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(per million

people), 1990-

2000***

Televisionsets (per

1000 peo-ple),

1998**

Radios(per 1000people),1997**

Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people), 1996**

QualityAdjustedMYS 15+,

2000*


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherArabOtherComparatorArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOther

FranceGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIrelandIsraelItalyJapanJordanKenyaKorea, Rep. OfKuwaitKyrgystanLatviaLesothoLithuaniaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaliMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMoroccoMyanmarNetherlandsNew Zealand


493.0586.0

6.0557.0

61.03.0g24.0

809.0302.0

4.017.015.0

658.0702.0737.0526.058.04.0

567.0249.0

2.0166.010.0

142.057.04.05.0

213.01.0

142.032.045.083.00.3

670.0563.0

579.0611.012.0

532.057.09.0

46.0583.0372.032.031.0

149.0420.0482.0474.0586.092.010.0

464.0244.0

77.0303.0

10.0321.0255.0

3.04.0

199.03.0

125.0133.056.050.06.0

618.0500.0

660.2951.7

0.4383.7

42.04.1

1035.214.00.6

210.3

328.2562.9

442.3cd5.1

652.8cd115.385.7

907.5

1107.3

6.8

229.02.9

70.3271.2

13.04.8

1422.4

1902.62141.41767.07777.6

11.81.1

21.3345.7

3010.510.121.36.0

21955.35057.31589.73288.5

1627.42783.3

5123.111259.624741.57242.7

13076.51635.94418.9

290.6

363.35889.5

10553.210.9

5699.99246.6

26862873

1045103

931249

158

5902132157013224960

2139214574

1090

2031387

12

154

213334468

24902197

60158099

466126

590

431437

691361574033184867075221

34649145

49225

459250

212

16612

26129763

1607

543508

937948238477

7955

386684689121156265699520878955287104

103366011271049

513200192249420

5432574015124195

978990

21831114

15333

355

792186

2428

150290104578

589

393374

15247

8932153

1581

9760272610

306216

3.95.21.64.11.50.82.05.14.82.12.12.34.85.74.85.43.41.86.22.9

1.8

1.43.50.33.8

0.85.05.8

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),2000***

19.124.8

0.310.50.50.30.3

34.310.40.30.10.3

29.729.517.836.5

0.10.18.51.80.4

10.70.34.80.80.30.33.10.35.70.40.10.10.3

101.990.6

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000***+

Numberof

tele-phones



people),1990s****

Patentapplica-


Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(per million

people), 1990-

2000***

Televisionsets (per

1000 peo-ple),

1998**


Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people), 1996**


2000*


Notes:- Quality adjusted MYS15+: Calculated by multiplying the mean years of schooling and the average test scores.

The average test scores is the average of the test scores data available from both sources (Barro & Lee, 1997 and TIMSS).

Test scores used from Barro & Lee, 1997 refer to the years 1990-91 & 1993-98.Countries were categorised by level of mean years of schooling and missing data of average test scores was filled by the average test scores available for

other countries in the same category.- Source of Population (in millions), 2000 used to compute Patents applications filed per million people and Number of book titles per million people was the HDR 2002,

- Book titles data for Qatar and Malawi were considered missing because the figures refer to School textbooks, Children's books or government publications only.

- Missing data for Cellular mobile subscribers and Internet hosts from HDR 2002, and referred to as "less than half the unit shown" by the symbol (.), was replaced by 0.25.

+ Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified for all countries except Malta, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Nigeria, Benin and Burundi.

Their data refer to a year before 1990.

^ Patent applications filed figures are for residents and non-residents of the the country. Missing figures for residents are considered zero.

OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

NicaraguaNigeriaNorwayPakistanPanamaPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSaudi ArabiaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanThailandTogoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamZambiaZimbabwe


18.00.3

751.02.0

145.050.084.0

174.0665.0112.022.064.026.02.0

684.0205.0612.0190.0609.023.0

717.0644.0

2.00.3

50.011.06.0g

246.08.0

16.0727.0398.0132.0

2.0217.010.09.0

23.0

31.04.0

532.022.0

151.067.040.0

282.0430.0175.0218.0137.022.04.0

484.0314.0386.0114.0421.040.0

682.0727.0103.036.092.09.0

90.0g280.0

3.0206.0589.0700.0278.067.0

108.032.08.0

18.0

11.51107.8

75.618.2

497.2218.6351.5249.1186.2

583.91725.0

125.11483.1246.3

1425.82537.9

1.5129.7

1.1132.643.812.4

126.71868.1

240.7def204.240.3

159.1c

7112.75.7

59.731.347.1

843.010668.7

1297.1331.4

52.1

2160.59413.85223.5

13723.5

2851.31397.0

13068.215673.9

4059.886.7

18.3423.1

2135.6659.8

2495.1835.8121.8

1096.7104.3351.3

9.21743.6

20315

409578

229156

1460158313933397

2

218217062161992

1562188

45073058

2966010210212430325

212126784103

1754194274

19066

57988

187144108413542233420262

4113

34840235612550692

53153570

285236

1819828627

49064584724127518547

13730

28522391598

299273159523304319418321142253822580406317333209932

1000278142232218223180128884

1436214660746546810712193

3024

5882362

079

11375

30010557

54

36018519932

10029

445337

2020634

31111

254

329215293

3206

41219

1.9

5.91.64.74.04.65.22.6

0.70.74.2

2.13.53.65.85.42.4

3.31.42.12.21.5

4.86.14.0

3.4

2.32.3

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),2000***

0.30.3

101.10.35.40.40.38.86.21.92.20.20.20.3

45.27.0

11.04.4

11.30.1

67.336.70.30.31.10.30.31.10.30.7

28.2295.2

16.30.30.70.30.10.3

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000***+

Numberof

tele-phones



people),1990s****"

Patentapplica-


Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(per million

people), 1990-

2000***

Televisionsets (per

1000 peo-ple),

1998**


Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people), 1996**


2000*


(a) Not including school textbooks or yearbooks.(b) Partial data(c) First editions only. (d) Not including pamphlets.(e) Not including government publications and university theses but including juvenile titles for which a class breakdown is not available .(f) Not including school textbooks.(g) Data refer to 1999.

Sources:* MYS: Barro and Lee, 2000. "International Data on educational Attainment: Updates and Implications,

CID Working Paper no. 42, April.Test Scores: Barro and Lee, 1997. "Schooling Quality in a Cross-section of Countries", August.Test Scores: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (1996), Science (Mathematics)

Achievement in the Middle School Years: IEA’s Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS),

TIMSS International Study Centre, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA, November."** World Bank, 2000. "World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty", Oxford University Press,

New York.*** UNDP, 2002. "2002 Human Development Report", Oxford University Press, New York.**** UNESCO, 2002. UNESCO Web site (www.unesco.org).



ArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

AlgeriaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCanadaCentral Arican Rep.ChileChinaColombiaCongoCongo, Dem. Rep..Costa RicaCroatiaCzech Rep.DenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEthiopiaFinlandFrance

Table A-11REPORT AND IMPUTED VALUES OF INDICATORS ON KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL IN 109 COUNTRIES, AROUND THE YEAR 2000

3.0163.0

5.0447.0762.056.0

1.05.0

525.09.0

70.0123.0136.090.02.02.0

10.0285.0

1.0222.066.053.024.0

0.352.0

231.0424.0631.082.038.021.0

118.0387.0

0.3720.0493.0

57.0213.0152.0525.0467.0104.0

4.0269.0498.0

8.060.093.0

182.0350.0

4.03.06.0

677.03.0

221.0112.0169.0

7.00.3

249.0365.0378.0720.0105.0100.086.0

100.0363.0

4.0550.0579.0

4.4324.1135.8

1020.3994.6

55.5-204.0595.4

1284.41.4

482.4-51.7127.3629.2

0.4-165.1

3.5744.8-32.694.9

139.4125.9-51.2

2.2366.0694.7

1218.52727.4

120.683.320.8

105.22332.1

7.12533.3660.2

7.9158.4

6611.12524.1

13731.43038.5

1.62552.58494.61848.0

14.862.0

187.73544.31921.9

0.81159.51767.71858.8129.048.129.9

1490.40.6

2478.9151.5

2968.620577.62025.4

24.617.810.6

19031.40.1

21045.61902.6

-59.7711.0

1308.03320.01605.02735.0

51.02296.02307.0

174.0171.0

-190.5168.0

1289.017.021.0

-212.13009.0

47.0370.0459.0290.534.0

-473.1533.0

1494.01317.03240.0

277.6140.0493.0

19.02164.0-243.83340.82686.0

105.0289.0218.0639.0516.0254.0

6.0314.0510.010.0

116.020.0

316.0398.0

9.04.0

32.0715.0

5.0232.0272.0217.012.0

135.0387.0272.0447.0585.095.0

293.0122.0675.0480.0

5.0640.0601.0

241.0681.0224.0

1376.0753.0

23.050.0

296.0793.0108.0675.0156.0444.0543.0

33.071.0

163.01077.0

83.0354.0333.0581.0124.0375.0271.0336.0803.0

1141.0178.0419.0324.0464.0693.0195.0

1496.0937.0

38.0123.023.0

293.0296.0

27.09.0

174.0160.0

2.055.027.040.0

257.01.03.07.0

159.02.0

98.076.146.0

8.03.0

94.0115.0254.0309.0

52.070.040.048.0

174.01.0

455.0218.0

2.34.92.65.74.42.40.73.65.00.72.43.22.14.22.42.41.56.00.74.04.72.02.21.33.14.14.64.62.13.32.32.23.32.45.23.9

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

0.37.40.8

85.759.00.20.30.2

29.40.00.21.55.22.20.30.00.3

77.40.34.90.11.10.30.31.93.7

15.462.90.90.30.30.1

28.40.3

102.319.1

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000

Numberof

tele-phones

mainline,(per 1000inhabi-tant),2000


people),1990s

Patentapplica-

tionsfiled (permillionpeople)

1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(per million

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998

Radios(per 1000people),

1997

Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people),

1996


2000


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherArabOtherComparatorArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

GermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIrelandIsraelItalyJapanJordanKenyaKorea(Rep. of)KuwaitKyrgystanLatviaLesothoLithuaniaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaliMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMoroccoMyanmarNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigeriaNorway


586.06.0

557.061.03.0

24.0809.0302.0

4.017.015.0

658.0702.0737.0526.058.04.0

567.0249.0

2.0166.010.0

142.057.04.05.0

213.01.0

142.032.045.083.00.3

670.0563.0

18.00.3

751.0

611.012.0

532.057.09.0

46.0583.0372.032.031.0

149.0420.0482.0474.0586.092.010.0

464.0244.0

77.0303.0

10.0321.0255.0

3.04.0

199.03.0

125.0133.056.050.06.0

618.0500.0

31.04.0

532.0

951.70.4

383.7-187.7

42.04.1

-166.11035.2

14.00.6

210.32331.4328.2562.9442.3

5.1-18.4652.8115.385.7

907.51954.01107.31103.7

6.8352.3229.0

2.970.3

271.2727.6

13.04.8

675.11422.4

-57.811.5

1107.8

2141.41767.07777.6

11.81.1

21.3345.7

3010.510.121.36.0

21955.35057.31589.73288.5-371.41627.42783.3

352.15123.1

11259.624741.57242.7

13076.51635.94418.9

290.62725.5363.3

5889.510553.2

10.92139.65699.99246.6-615.5878.7

7112.7

2873.0-371.21045.0

103.0-392.3-132.0

93.01249.0

158.0-175.4590.0

2132.01570.01322.04960.0

197.8-307.62139.0214.0574.0

1090.0973.6

2031.0387.0

12.0-161.8154.0-170.1213.0334.0468.0119.4

-147.82490.02197.0203.0

15.04095.0

580.099.0

466.0126.0

5.090.0

431.0437.0

69.0136.0157.0403.0318.0486.0707.052.021.0

346.0491.045.0

492.025.0

459.0250.0

21.02.0

166.012.0

261.0297.063.0

160.07.0

543.0508.0190.066.0

579.0

948.0238.0477.0

79.055.0

386.0684.0689.0121.0156.0265.0699.0520.0878.0955.0287.0104.0

1033.0660.0112.0710.049.0

513.0200.0192.0249.0420.0

54.0325.0740.0151.0241.095.0

978.0990.0285.0223.0915.0

311.014.0

153.033.0

3.055.0

792.0186.045.124.028.0

150.0290.0104.0578.0

58.09.0

393.0374.0

15.0247.0

8.093.021.05.03.0

158.01.0

97.060.027.026.010.0

306.0216.030.024.0

588.0

5.21.64.11.50.82.05.14.82.12.12.34.85.74.85.43.41.86.22.92.83.61.83.22.72.91.43.50.33.83.12.52.50.85.05.81.92.65.9

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

24.80.3

10.50.50.30.3

34.310.40.30.10.3

29.729.517.836.5

0.10.18.51.80.4

10.70.34.80.80.30.33.10.35.70.40.10.10.3

101.990.60.30.3

101.1

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000

Numberof

tele-phones



people),1990s

Patentapplica-


1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(per million

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998


1997

Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people),

1996


2000


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

PakistanPanamaPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSaudi ArabiaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanThailandTogoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamZambiaZimbabwe

Percentage imputed


2.0145.050.084.0

174.0665.0112.022.064.026.02.0

684.0205.0612.0190.0609.023.0

717.0644.0

2.00.3

50.011.06.0

246.08.0

16.0727.0398.0132.0

2.0217.010.09.0

23.0

0.0

22.0151.067.040.0

282.0430.0175.0218.0137.022.04.0

484.0314.0386.0114.0421.040.0

682.0727.0103.036.092.09.0

90.0280.0

3.0206.0589.0700.0278.067.0

108.032.08.0

18.0

0.0

-148.7106.675.618.2

497.2218.6351.5249.1186.213.9

136.81139.9583.9

1725.0125.1

1483.1246.3

1425.82537.9

165.41.5

129.71.1

132.643.812.4

126.71868.1240.7204.240.3

159.1-96.0

-144.4-8.3

25.7

5.759.731.347.1

843.010668.7

1297.1331.4

52.11685.42160.59413.85223.5

13723.51286.32851.31397.0

13068.215673.9

420.14059.8

86.7473.5

18.3423.1

2135.6659.8

2495.1835.8121.8

1096.7104.3351.3

9.21743.6

15.6

78.0428.9229.0156.0

1460.01583.01393.03397.0730.4

2.0-320.82182.01706.02161.0992.0

1562.0188.0

4507.03058.0

29.0660.0102.0102.0124.0303.025.0

2121.02678.04103.01908.01754.0194.0274.0

-194.2-248.1

22.9

88.0187.0144.0108.0413.0542.0233.0420.0262.0

41.013.0

348.0402.0356.0125.0506.092.0

531.0535.070.0

285.0236.0

18.0198.0286.027.0

490.0645.0847.0241.0275.0185.047.0

137.030.0

0.0

98.0299.0273.0159.0523.0304.0319.0418.0321.0142.0253.0822.0580.0406.0317.0333.0209.0932.0

1000.0278.0142.0232.0218.0223.0180.0128.0884.0

1436.02146.0607.0465.0468.0107.0121.093.0

0.0

23.062.0

0.079.0

113.075.0

300.0105.057.0

5.04.0

360.0185.0199.032.0

100.029.0

445.0337.0

20.020.063.04.0

31.0111.0

2.054.0

329.0215.0293.0

3.0206.0

4.012.019.0

1.8

1.64.74.04.65.22.64.13.12.80.70.74.23.73.72.13.53.65.85.42.42.23.31.42.12.21.53.14.86.14.02.73.42.52.32.3

25.7

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

0.35.40.40.38.86.21.92.20.20.20.3

45.27.0

11.04.4

11.30.1

67.336.70.30.31.10.30.31.10.30.7

28.2295.2

16.30.30.70.30.10.3

0.0

Internethosts

(per 1000people),

2000

Numberof

tele-phones



people),1990s

Patentapplica-


1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(permillion

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998


1997

Dailynews-papers

(per 1000people),

1996


2000


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparator

FinlandSwedenSwitzerlandDenmarkNorwayUnited KingdomNetherlandsJapanNew ZealandAustraliaGermanyCanadaAustriaUnited StatesSingaporeBelgiumIrelandKorea (Rep. of)FranceEstoniaIsraelCzech Rep.SloveniaItalyHungaryLatviaGreeceSpainSlovakiaLithuaniaBulgariaPortugalPolandHong Kong

Table A-12RANKING OF 109 COUNTRIES ON KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL INDICATORS AROUND THE YEAR 2000 (SORTED BY TOTAL RANKS)

6.07.0

13.014.03.05.0

10.021.019.024.017.029.02.0

26.09.0

22.012.018.023.027.08.0

25.015.04.0

28.039.020.016.036.042.549.011.038.0

1.0

12.04.01.02.0

13.58.06.09.0

16.015.07.05.0

21.03.0

18.017.025.022.011.030.019.027.026.020.028.034.013.524.033.032.031.023.035.010.0

3.010.02.01.0

15.07.0

26.035.011.019.021.023.020.045.014.012.05.0

28.027.04.0

40.013.08.0

32.018.022.036.09.0

31.016.029.047.033.0

107.0

3.010.06.04.0

19.038.022.029.015.037.041.049.0

7.064.014.016.02.0

34.046.0

5.025.032.08.0

55.031.011.017.033.023.018.028.012.063.072.0

6.02.09.08.04.0

14.015.01.0

18.07.0

11.010.029.03.0

19.016.023.022.013.020.031.037.021.036.040.041.042.032.028.025.039.030.034.081.0

6.015.014.09.0

11.05.0

12.03.0

18.07.0

10.02.0

16.01.0

37.017.032.038.08.0

24.039.027.036.023.028.020.025.019.033.026.034.013.031.029.0

2.014.08.05.0

15.03.0

10.011.09.04.0

12.06.0

21.01.0

18.020.024.0

7.013.025.036.019.046.017.026.023.038.051.533.037.034.058.035.027.0

4.05.09.0

12.02.0

10.013.03.0

23.016.511.032.015.024.0

8.031.035.0

6.022.029.518.020.026.041.027.021.034.042.028.046.019.049.038.0

1.0

11.06.09.5

25.54.0

21.015.09.55.08.0

12.03.0

27.02.0

28.016.018.5

1.036.049.0

7.024.039.020.018.541.032.043.538.051.029.062.013.014.0

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

2.08.0

12.09.04.0

19.03.0

13.05.06.0

20.07.0

10.01.0

11.017.015.031.021.018.016.024.026.022.029.027.028.025.033.039.043.534.030.014.0

Internethosts (per1000

people),2000

55.081.083.589.590.5

130.0132.0134.5139.0143.5162.0166.0168.0170.0176.0184.0191.5207.0220.0231.5239.0248.0251.0270.0273.5279.0285.5295.0316.0332.5335.5339.0350.0356.0

TotalRank

Numberof

tele-phones

mainline(per 1000people),

2000

Numberof book

titles(per mil-lion peo-

ple),1990s

Patentapplica-


1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(permillion

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998


1997

Dailynews-papers

(per1000

people),1996

QualityAdjusted MYS15+, 2000


OtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

UruguayCroatiaArgentinaKuwaitRomaniaRussian FederationCosta RicaMoldaviaUkraineBelarusChileMalaysiaMacedoniaVenezuelaMexicoPanamaTurkeyBrazilChinaArmeniaSouthAfricaSaudi ArabiaColombiaThailandEcuadorAzerbaijanDominican RepublicMongoliaEl SalvadorBoliviaPhilippinesUzbekistanLesothoPeruIranSri LankaKyrgystan


45.032.040.030.048.072.061.066.076.088.033.035.058.034.042.541.031.044.054.088.037.055.060.062.565.059.052.064.047.053.050.098.080.062.577.070.598.0

37.029.044.041.048.043.040.054.045.038.042.046.039.058.055.051.036.047.057.050.056.053.049.065.562.560.059.075.062.572.078.570.589.570.552.078.569.0

49.025.041.063.039.043.037.042.059.030.066.046.017.052.070.064.072.058.053.055.061.050.060.057.068.071.062.024.065.034.076.074.0

6.069.048.044.067.0

79.077.076.070.058.073.039.021.065.036.078.074.0

9.080.069.083.067.075.085.020.059.084.088.081.089.030.044.013.097.094.086.061.01.0

87.0101.057.024.0

26.033.046.063.035.05.0

50.057.024.017.056.074.055.067.064.054.058.071.053.038.043.045.059.079.575.012.060.052.089.070.073.027.044.062.048.068.049.0

54.048.544.021.056.030.035.042.022.041.057.064.053.063.051.062.045.040.048.558.072.050.059.055.043.052.078.085.04.0

74.075.047.093.067.066.079.088.0

31.050.028.030.056.045.065.022.016.060.049.043.078.039.053.059.081.042.051.573.057.055.032.072.044.0

109.082.087.041.029.084.040.0

107.064.066.077.094.0

16.537.036.0

7.014.040.045.053.058.029.543.033.080.025.044.052.039.063.548.078.567.055.061.051.050.073.059.073.060.056.547.0

100.090.5

109.071.070.084.0

34.031.017.056.030.054.052.055.053.040.035.043.560.045.037.022.079.087.523.063.087.558.089.047.547.571.086.065.081.072.025.561.092.033.076.042.059.0

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

23.041.032.047.045.543.545.559.055.596.038.042.053.555.535.036.050.037.0

103.053.540.096.050.050.078.596.052.0

103.0103.096.062.078.578.559.078.5

103.059.0


people),2000

394.5403.5404.0428.0429.5448.5469.5471.0473.5475.5497.0500.5502.5518.5520.5524.0558.0565.0576.0577.0579.5601.0607.0621.0622.5633.0634.0641.0649.5650.5657.0657.0681.5683.0683.5689.0691.0

TotalRank

Numberof

tele-phones


2000

Numberof book


ple),1990s

Patentapplica-


1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(permillion

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998


1997

Dailynews-papers

(per1000

people),1996



ArabOtherArabArabArabOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherArabComparatorOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

EgyptTajikistanJordanSyriaTunisiaBotswanaMoroccoHondurasNicaraguaGuatemalaMalawiAlgeriaIndiaNigeriaVietnamZimbabweMadagascarGhanaSierra LeoneCongoSenegalTogoIndonesiaUgandaCameroonBurkina FasoMyanmarBeninPakistanZambiaKenyaCongo, Dem. Rep.MaliCentral African Rep.EthiopiaHaitiBangladeshBurundi


73.0107.057.098.085.546.051.068.574.056.088.093.591.0

107.080.070.591.085.598.068.567.078.075.084.080.098.0

107.082.598.082.591.0

107.0103.0103.0107.093.5

103.098.0

68.080.065.561.067.064.076.077.083.573.5

100.573.581.5

100.581.587.0

106.088.0

100.595.085.591.583.5

106.096.5

100.596.593.585.593.589.5

109.0106.0106.0100.591.5

100.5106.0

75.091.084.051.056.0

101.079.087.0

102.0108.038.086.077.081.0

103.097.083.096.054.0

100.078.093.094.080.088.095.085.092.0

105.0104.098.090.089.099.082.073.0

109.0106.0

93.027.0

108.068.092.082.096.091.0

109.095.026.0

100.098.062.071.051.053.050.040.056.052.066.090.043.060.045.042.048.0

102.099.054.0

106.035.047.0

107.0104.0103.0105.0

51.047.066.086.076.0

100.077.095.065.078.097.094.072.091.061.0

104.092.0

107.0106.085.093.079.599.087.0

102.090.096.069.082.0

101.0105.0109.098.084.0

103.0108.083.088.0

73.046.086.082.060.096.065.080.061.071.0

109.076.083.084.087.091.094.577.098.099.589.097.069.092.090.0

102.0103.0101.081.068.094.570.099.5

106.0106.0106.0104.0108.0

54.088.561.063.074.585.569.547.062.0

102.068.069.592.574.596.0

100.080.071.067.091.088.576.085.590.083.0

108.099.095.098.092.597.048.0

105.0101.079.0

104.0106.0103.0

63.581.554.081.568.073.075.056.569.066.0

100.065.062.076.596.083.093.585.096.090.593.596.076.5

104.092.0

107.087.0

104.078.586.088.5

100.0107.0104.0107.0100.088.5

100.0

74.080.046.068.084.050.066.090.091.098.0

100.077.083.064.067.078.057.094.0

107.082.0

105.599.085.097.096.073.0

103.0108.095.075.093.0

101.0109.0105.570.0

102.0104.069.0

Country Group

Cellularmobile

sub-scribers

(per 1000people),

2000

78.578.5

103.078.578.548.0

103.078.562.057.078.578.578.578.578.562.078.578.578.578.596.078.5

103.078.578.578.578.5

108.578.5

103.0103.078.578.578.578.578.578.5

108.5


people),2000

703.0726.5730.5737.0741.5745.5757.5770.5778.5804.5805.0813.0818.5819.0821.0823.5828.5832.0845.0846.0848.0854.5860.5861.5866.0897.0897.0901.5903.5904.5913.5918.5930.0934.0940.0960.5979.5991.5

TotalRank

Numberof

tele-phones


2000

Numberof book


ple),1990s

Patentapplica-


1997

Scientistsand

engineersin R&D

(permillion

people), 1990-2000

Televisionsets

(per 1000people),

1998


1997"

Dailynews-papers

(per1000

people),1996



ArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOther

AlgeriaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCanadaCentral African Rep..ChileChinaColombiaCongoCongo, Dem. Rep..Costa RicaCroatiaCzech Rep..DenmarkDominican Republic

EcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstonia

Table A-13VALUES OF KNOWLEDGE OUTCOMES AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN 109 COUNTRIES, AROUND THEYEAR 2000

5308123772559

2569326765293616027544

27178990

2424718476255710976591

170327840

1172941739766248

825765

86508091

13991276276033320336354497

10066

0.6970.8440.7540.9390.9260.7410.4780.7880.9390.4200.6530.5720.7570.7790.3250.3130.5120.9400.3750.8310.7260.7720.5120.4310.8200.8090.8490.9260.7270.7320.6420.7060.826

9732

89

83

16786062533491

104953

96317240

111

23

1037499248

0.2210.381

0.5870.544

0.553

0.277

0.3110.411

0.589

0.3570.2990.274

0.3580.3910.465

0.2440.2530.2360.253

010100000000100001011000000000100

111110101000110001011101001100100

0.33.04.05.0

12.01.00.35.0

11.0

21.0

9.06.0

1.011.00.31.0

21.02.0

44.08.0

12.019.00.31.02.06.0

17.0

Country Group

GDP percapita(PPP$),2000

HDI value,2000

AHDIrank

TAIvalue,1999

Space programs*

NuclearFacilities*_

High-technology

exports (% of total

goodsexports),

1999


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherComparatorOtherOtherOtherComparatorOtherOtherArabOtherComparatorArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArab

EthiopiaFinlandFranceGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIrelandIsraelItalyJapanJordanKenyaKorea(Rep. of)KuwaitKyrgystanLatviaLesothoLithuaniaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaliMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMorocco


6682499624223251031964

16501382114672453

2515312416235830435884

2986620131236262675539661022

1738015799

27117045203171065086840615

9068797

9023210917833546

0.3270.9300.9280.9250.5480.8850.6310.4710.6380.8880.8350.5770.6840.7210.9250.8960.9130.9330.7170.5130.8820.8130.7120.8000.5350.8080.7720.4690.4000.7820.3860.7960.7010.6550.602

1017

15

7129648756

248069

10117

151868

3870

83598645

79

0.7440.5350.5830.1390.437

0.2080.4550.4640.2010.2110.260

0.5140.4710.698

0.1290.666

0.396

0.389

00110000000100010100000000000000000

01111100001111011100100101000101000

27.022.018.02.05.04.03.01.0

24.024.0

5.07.00.3

42.029.011.030.0

2.033.0

0.34.06.0

7.03.02.0

52.0

28.02.00.30.3

Country Group


HDI value,2000

AHDIrank

TAIvalue,1999

Space programs

NuclearFacilities

High-technology

exports (% of total

goodsexports),

1999


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherArabOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

MyanmarNetherlandsNewZealandNicaraguaNigeriaNorwayPakistanPanamaPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaRussian FederationSaudi ArabiaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanThailandTogoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited States


102725657200702366896

2991819286000479939719051

1729064238377

113671510490

2335611243173679401

194723530

242772876935561152640214426363697412083816

2350934142

0.5520.9350.9170.6350.4620.9420.4990.7870.7470.7540.8330.8800.7750.7810.7590.4310.2750.8850.8350.8790.6950.9130.7410.9410.9280.6910.6670.7620.4930.7220.7420.4440.7480.9280.939

46

51107

590355433301944

89

43

1346

12

103

52949367

1211

0.6300.5480.185

0.5790.1670.3210.2710.3000.4070.4190.371

0.158

0.5850.4470.4580.3400.4810.2030.703

0.240

0.337

0.255

0.6060.733

00000000000001000000000000000010011

01000110011111000011110110010010011

26.05.00.30.35.01.02.01.0

26.08.07.04.03.00.37.0

58.07.0

12.04.0

10.03.0

26.026.0

0.3

30.00.33.07.00.3

29.032.0

Country Group


HDI value,2000

AHDIrank

TAIvalue,1999

Spaceprograms

NuclearFacilities

High-technology

exports (% of total

goodsexports),

1999


OtherOtherOtherOtherOtherOther

UruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamZambiaZimbabwe


0.8310.7270.7700.6880.4330.551

0.8310.7270.7700.6880.4330.551

21

47

8476

0.343

0.220

000000

101100

2.0

0.3

1.0

Country Group


HDI value,2000

AHDIrank

TAIvalue,1999

Space programs

NuclearFacilities

High-technology

exports (% of total

goodsexports),

1999

Notes* "1" means "exist" and "0" means does not exist._ A country is identified to have a nuclear capability (taking the value "1") if it has either power reactor(s), constructed or under construction, or research reactor(s), constructed or under construction, or both.

Sources:AHDI:HDI value &GDP per capita (PPP$)

TAI value &High-Technology exports

Nuclear facilities

Space Programs

Arab Human Development Report, 2001.

UNDP, 2002. "2002 Human Development Report", Oxford University Press, New York.

UNDP, 2001. "2001 Human Development Report", Oxford University Press, New York.

Compiled by Ted Flaherty, 19 September 1996 (www.cdi.org\issues\proliferation\reactab.html) from:"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty". Arms Control reporter (1996), pp.602.A.7-602.A.10."World List of Nuclear Power Plants". Nuclear News, September 1993, pp. 43-62.

Indicator was identified through an internet search.

references - arab-hdr.org · english references amnesty international, 2002. "israel and the...

Documents