Student mark x 100 =%ge 30

BA (Hons) Sport Business Management

Referencing Exercise

The way in which sport is represented in the British media has a profound effect on how people’s perceptions are shaped (Briggs and Cobley 1998, Panorama 1995 Out of chronological order-1 mark). In a game such as football, fans’ identities, attitudes and behaviour can be seriously influenced by what is represented in various tabloid newspapers such as The Sun (1994, Blain and O’Donnell Date in wrong place-1 mark). An example of this is the media representation of the England v Germany game in Euro 1996, with emotive headlines referring to war, encouraging people to see it not just as another football game (Jackson 1997, quoted in p165 of Hubbard 1999 Page no. in wrong place-1 mark). This can thus be viewed as a contributing factor in the trouble that ensued between the two sets of fans. This nationalistic style of reporting is quite common within the tabloid press (Thomas, 2000) comma after Thomas-1 mark.

Media coverage is also influential in forming opinions on crucial issues within the game. Fullbrook’s (‘Foreigner policy is killing us’, 2000 Article title not needed-1 mark). article on the problems created by the introduction of foreign players into the English game is another example of how public opinion may be swayed by reporters. This article indicates that the lack of success of the national side can be laid at the feet of those players not actually playing for the country. It is not only in football that this type of nationalism can be seen. After Michael Schumacher’s triumph in the 2000 Formula 1 world championship, the Daily Star reporter John Murray (2000) focused upon the efforts of the British technical brain behind the victory rather than on the driver himself: “Michael Schumacher’s backroom crew proved that British is best as the technical supremo Ross Brawn guided the German ace to victory in the Australian Grand Prix, winning with a landslide victory” Quotation should be indented and without quote marks-1 mark (2000: p43). It is questionable whether this report would have mentioned the British influence had Schumacher not been successful.

It is also noticeable that, in the sports media, coverage of women’s participation is often overlooked (Caudwell, 1999a) needs a comma after Caydwell-1 mark. More sophisticated analysis of women’s sport and leisure participation has emphasised the different leisure experiences encountered by women (Hargreaves, Kelly, Marie and Minogue 1986 More than 3 authors so ‘et al’ should be used-1 mark). During a conference at Leeds Metropolitan University, Powell noted that the lack of coverage given to women’s football was

symptomatic of the problems faced by women’s sport (1998: p24) Shorter than 1 line so no need to indent-1 mark).

in trying to gain the necessary exposure to promote participation for young women. In addition, Caudwell (1999 ’b’ missing as it is the 2nd reference from the author in the same year-1 mark).) asserts that male-dominated media sources often present a skewed picture of the reality of women’s football participation. As a response, the government, via the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is working with other relevant organisations to raise the profile of the sport in the UK

(http://www.culture.gov.uk/sport/professional_sport/womens_football.htm Website not needed – just quote source and year-1 mark).).

Bibliography

Blain, N & O’Donnell, H. Game Without Frontiers: Football, Identity & Modernity, Aldershot, Arena. 1994 Date in wrong place not in brackets and full stops needed after the initials-3 marks

Cobley, P & Briggs, A (1998) The Media: An Introduction, New York, Addison Wesley Longman. Authors’ names in wrong sequence and full stops needed after the intiials-3 marks

Caudwell, J. (1999a) Men, Modernity and the Media, London, Falmer Press Needs a full stop at the end of the reference-1 mark

Caudwell, J (1999b) Women’s football in the United Kingdom, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 23 (4) pp.390-402. Article title should not be underlined and full stops needed after the initial-2 marks

DCMS (2003) Women’s Football [Internet], London, Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Available from the DCMS website URL missing-1 mark

Fullbrook, D. (2000) Foreigner policy is killing us, 11th November, p.26 in Daily Star.Name of publication in wrong place and a full stop after D. -2 marks

Hargreaves, J et al (1986) Sport, Culture and Media, Cambridge, Polity Press. Co-authors’ names not listed and full stops needed after the initials and a full stop at the end-2 marks

Thomas, P. (2000) Nationalism and sport, In: Carew, J. Gonzales, K. and Santos, H. (eds.) Sport and Society, London, Polity Press, pp.134-151. Jackson, D. (1997) Images of sport, London, Routledge. quoted in Hubbard, Y. (1999), A Game of Two Halves, Harlow, Longman.

Murray, J. (2000). ‘Schu’s Brit of alright’, Daily Star, 9th October, p.43. Quotation marks inconsistent with other references-1 mark

Sport and the Media. Panorama. (1995), BBC, 21st January, (video:VHS). Programme title should be listed first and location (e.g London) is missing-2 marks

Powell, H. (1998), Representation of women’s football in: Totten, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the 3rd Football Media Conference, August 12-14, Leeds UK, Leeds, Leeds Metropolitan University, pp.23-31. Full stop at the end-1 mark

A further mark can be given for noticing that not all of the Bibliography was in alphabetical order and any examples may be listed to gain this mark e.g. Caudwell, J. (1999a) or Thomas, P. (2000) etc.