reflecting the future e-content development evolution in higher education

© 2005 UNITAR Creative Commons

ByByZaid Ali AlsagoffZaid Ali Alsagoff

[email protected]


Different “Modes of Learning” Different “Modes of Learning” EffectivenessEffectiveness

What we read - 10%

What we hear - 20%

What we see - 30%

What we see/hear - 50%

What we discuss with others - 70%

What we experience - 80%

What we teach someone else - 95% - William Glasser


Most Effective Mode of Learning?Most Effective Mode of Learning?

TeacherTeacher

StudentStudent


PAST PAST Dissemination + Lecture ParadigmDissemination + Lecture Paradigm

Bla, Bla, Bla…..

What should I What should I have for lunch have for lunch

today?today?


PRESENTPRESENTInteractivity + Content ParadigmInteractivity + Content Paradigm

They call it student-centred student-centred

learninglearning, but who said I

wanted to learn from a not so

intelligent green blob!

#$%@*#!!#$!*!!@!@!

$*$#*$()!@#$%!


FUTUREFUTUREEmpowerment + Learning ParadigmEmpowerment + Learning Paradigm

COURSECOURSEPLANPLAN

• ExplorationExploration• DiscoveryDiscovery• EngagementEngagement• DiscussionDiscussion• FeedbackFeedback• ReflectionReflection• ConnectionConnection• IntegrationIntegration• DevelopmentDevelopment

• ExplorationExploration• DiscoveryDiscovery• EngagementEngagement• DiscussionDiscussion• FeedbackFeedback• ReflectionReflection• ConnectionConnection• IntegrationIntegration• DevelopmentDevelopment


ContentsContents

What is e-Content?

Major Challenges in e-Content Development– Tools?– Content?– Infrastructure? (not discussed here)– Us?

2 Learning Theories for the Digital Age

Key Ingredients of Effective e-Content

Future e-Content Development Model?

Conclusion


What is e-Content?What is e-Content?

““Any digitized contentAny digitized content that can that can facilitate the learning process facilitate the learning process

and/or learning outcome.and/or learning outcome.””

I have not failed. I’ve found 10,000

ways that won’t work.

Thomas Edison


e-Learning Challenge: Tools?e-Learning Challenge: Tools?

A few options:

In-house tools development team

Outsource development

Buy of-the-shelf tools

Subscribe (to a service provider)

Or simply use available ….Or simply use available ….


Free e-Learning Tools?Free e-Learning Tools?

LMS

CMS

Groupware

Wikis

Digital Library

LCMSRSS

E-Portfolio

E-mail

Survey

LO Repository

Operating SystemBlogs

Forum

Authoring

Web-Conferencing

VoIP

Chat

Atom

OPML

Aggregators

Social Bookmarking

Social Networking

Podcasting

File Sharing

Instant Messaging

Screencasting

UNESCO Free Software Portal: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/portal_freesoft/Software/

http://moodle.org/

http://www.lamsinternational.com/

http://www.sakaiproject.org/

http://exelearning.org/?q=node


Scott Wilson’s visual vision of the future Scott Wilson’s visual vision of the future Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)

URL: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206

The Future VLEThe Future VLE

http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206


Future Scenario: What if Google…?Future Scenario: What if Google…?

Integrates its existing tools to create an amazing Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), which is available for free to all?

Collaborates with Sakai, Moodle & LAMS to provide free hosting (up to 1 Terabyte) and technical support to less fortunate educational institutions around the world?

Simply buys Blackboard or a company that owns a fantastic LMS or VLE and makes it freely available and provides free hosting (up to 1 Terabyte) to less fortunate educational institutions around the world (Why not all!)?

What if Yahoo Groups is enhanced and Yahoo does it before Google? What about MSN?

I would not be surprised if something like this happens

before 2007!

http://www.blogger.com/

http://www.google.com/talk

http://code.google.com/

http://answers.google.com/

http://maps.google.com/

http://earth.google.com/

http://gmail.google.com/

http://desktop.google.com/?promo=mp-gds-v1-1

http://blogsearch.google.com/

http://www.google.com/alerts

http://toolbar.google.com/?promo=mor-tb-en

http://mobile.google.com/

http://books.google.com/

http://scholar.google.com/

http://www.google.com/language_tools

http://www.google.com/options/universities.html

http://labs.google.com/

http://groups.google.com/

http://images.google.com/

http://news.google.com/


e-Learning Challenge: Content?e-Learning Challenge: Content?

A few options:

In-house content development team

Develop ourselves (e.g. Breeze)

Outsource development

Buy of-the-shelf content

Subscribe (to databases, LO repositories, etc)

Or simply use available ….Or simply use available ….


Free e-Content? Free e-Content?

MERLOTMERLOTMIT OCWMIT OCW

OLIOLIConnexionsConnexions

UT OCWUT OCW

CAREOCAREOSOFIASOFIA

Stanford on iTunesStanford on iTunes

Tufts OCWTufts OCWUSU OCWUSU OCW

CLOECLOE

DLORNDLORN

ARIADNEARIADNE

eGranary Digital LibraryeGranary Digital Library WikipediaWikipedia

e-Leee-Lee

Gutenberg ProjectGutenberg Project

Fathom ArchiveFathom Archive

Harvey Project Harvey Project ICONEXICONEX

Lydia Global RepositoryLydia Global Repository

OOPSOOPS

World Lecture HallWorld Lecture Hall

WebJunctionWebJunction

CORECORE

PEOIPEOI

ICTdev LibraryICTdev Library JHSPH OCWJHSPH OCW

OAISTEROAISTER

SciQSciQ

W3SchoolsW3Schools

VCILTVCILT

Open Courseware Laboratory Open Courseware Laboratory

URL: http://www.ictlogy.net/ictlogy/articles/ismael_pena_elearning_for_development.pdf

RDNRDN


Challenges using “Free e-Content”Challenges using “Free e-Content”

“Open Educational Resources (OER)Open Educational Resources (OER)” (Common term)

A few important issues:

Finding relevant content

Language translation

Integrating content from various resources

Instructional design

Ensuring quality

Managing externally linked content (lack of control, broken links, etc.)

Copyrights (e.g. Creative Commons)

Commercialization?

How doHow do WEWE integrateintegrate OEROER EFFICIENTLYEFFICIENTLY andand EFFECTIVELYEFFECTIVELY into a course?into a course?


e-Learning Challenge: Us?e-Learning Challenge: Us?

How do we prepare students for the CREATIVE CREATIVE

ECONOMYECONOMY, which is driven by innovative IDEASIDEAS?

How do we prepare students for the CREATIVE CREATIVE

ECONOMYECONOMY, which is driven by innovative IDEASIDEAS?


2 Learning Theories For the Digital Age2 Learning Theories For the Digital Age


Heutagogy Heutagogy

PedagogyPedagogy

Teacher-oriented

Adult Learning

AndragogyAndragogy

HeutagogyHeutagogy

- Stewart Hase & Chris Kenyon- Stewart Hase & Chris Kenyon

Self-DeterminedSelf-DeterminedLearningLearning


HeutagogyHeutagogy

““The heutagogical approach can encompass The heutagogical approach can encompass informal learning, where the individual informal learning, where the individual person has not identified a learning need but person has not identified a learning need but only the potential to learn from each novel only the potential to learn from each novel experience as a matter of course, experience as a matter of course, recognising the opportunity to act and reflect recognising the opportunity to act and reflect on the action to see how it challenges, on the action to see how it challenges, disconfirms or supports existing values and disconfirms or supports existing values and assumptions”assumptions”

- Hase & Keynon 2000


Heutagogy – Self-Determined LearningHeutagogy – Self-Determined Learning

Learning how to learn

Nonlinear learning process

Knowledge sharing

Holistic learning

Learner-centred

“…“…the teacher provides resources but the the teacher provides resources but the learner designs the curriculum, not just the learner designs the curriculum, not just the learning process, by negotiating the learning.”learning process, by negotiating the learning.”

URL: http://www.wln.ualberta.ca/papers/pdf/17.pdf


Connectivism Connectivism

““A learning theory that seeks to detail how A learning theory that seeks to detail how learning happens in complex environments, learning happens in complex environments,

influenced through new social dynamics, and influenced through new social dynamics, and supported by new technologies.”supported by new technologies.”

URL: http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections

- George Siemens- George Siemens

http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections


Connectivism - 8 Learning Principles

1.Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.

2.Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources.

3.Learning may reside in non-human appliances.

4.Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.



Connectivism - 8 Learning Principles (2)

5. Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate continual learning.

6. Ability to see connections and patterns between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.

7. Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the most critical function in a knowledge economy.

8. Decision-making is itself a learning process.



Key Ingredients of Effective e-ContentUsing Roger Schank’s (2002) seven (7) criteria for assessing the

effectiveness of an e-learning course:

CRITERIA Description Tips

FFailure Enable failures that surprise the student.

Include challenging games, simulations, exercises, assignments and quizzes.

RReasoning Encourage practice in reasoning.

Use forums, chat, podcasting, video recording, screencasting, blogs & wikis

Emotionality Evoke emotional reactions (feelings) in the student.

Include emotionally evoking relevant stories that are preferably real.

Exploration Promote exploration, curiosity and enable inquiry.

Promote web quests, aggregators, social bookmarking, e-portfolio & groupware.

Doing Encourage practice in doing. We learn so that we can do.

Utilize multi-mode gaming/simulation, virtual labs, or the real thing (if possible).

Observation Allow students to see things for themselves.

Observe the real thing/world if possible. If not use the virtual alternative.

Motivation Supply or build upon existing motivation.

Make it relevant, interesting & enjoyable. Simply ask the students what motivates them.


Future e-Content Development Model?Future e-Content Development Model?

DevelopmentDevelopment

ExplorationExploration

DiscoveryDiscovery

EngagementEngagement

DiscussionDiscussion

ReflectionReflection

ConnectionConnection

IntegrationIntegration


ConclusionConclusion By 20102010 most e-content in higher education will be explored

discovered, engaged, discussed, reflected, connected, integrated and developed by empowered students.

By 20102010 most e-content in higher education will be explored

discovered, engaged, discussed, reflected, connected, integrated and developed by empowered students.

WOW!WOW!


Thanks!Thanks!


ReferencesReferencesOnline Resources

Brogan, P.(2003). “Using the web for interactive teaching and learning” . URL: http://www.ced.ntu.edu.sg/acedemia/vol_1/06/whitepaper_interactive.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]Hase, S. (2003). “Heutagogy and Developing Capable People and Capable Workplaces: Strategies for Dealing with Complexity”. URL: http://www.wln.ualberta.ca/papers/pdf/17.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]

Kenyon, C. & Hase, S. (2001) . “Moving from andragogy to heutagogy in vocational education”. URL: http://www.avetra.org.au/abstracts_and_papers_2001/Hase-Kenyon_full.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]

Peña López, Ismael. (2005) “e-Learning for Development: a model”. URL: http://www.ictlogy.net/ictlogy/articles/ismael_pena_elearning_for_development.pdf [cited 21/11/2005]

Wilson, S. (2005). “Future VLE - The Visual Version” . URL: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206 [cited 21/11/2005]

Social Impact Games (+500): http://www.socialimpactgames.com/index.php

Siemens, G. (2005). “Connectivism: Learning in a Digital Age” http://www.connectivism.ca/wiki/CoolConnections [cited 21/11/2005]

UNESCO Free Software Portal: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/portal_freesoft/Software/

BooksChapnick, S. & Meloy (2005). “Renaissance eLearning: Creating Dramatic and Unconventional Learning Experiences” . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pfeiffer.

Schank, R.C. (2005). “Lessons in Learning, e-Learning and Training”. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pfeiffer.

Schank, R.C. (2002). “Designing World Class e-Learning”. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

http://www.ced.ntu.edu.sg/acedemia/vol_1/06/whitepaper_interactive.pdf

http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/blogview?entry=20050125170206

http://www.socialimpactgames.com/index.php



Contact DetailsContact Details

Zaid Ali AlsagoffZaid Ali Alsagoff

Learning & Teaching Unit Quality Assurance Department

UNIVERSITI TUN ABDUL RAZAK 16-5, Jalan SS 6/1247301 Kelana Jaya

Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 603-7627 7238 Fax: 603-7627 7246

reflecting the future e-content development evolution in higher education

Technology

elearning challenge

learning theories

free elearning tools

informal learning

learning need

learning theory

econtent development

content paradigm