reflection. agenda: what you need to have ready root word sheet the four macromolecules worksheet...
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Reflection.
Agenda: What You need to have ready
Root Word Sheet
The Four Macromolecules Worksheet
Vocabulary Worksheet
Bellwork – Root word Carbohydrates and Lipids HW:
Class Setup PowerPoint White Paper towels Brown Paper Bags Plastic Cups – Marked with
each substance Water Water & Sugar Liquid Butter Cooking Oil
Plastic Pipette for each cup 85 Copies of this lab
Day Activity Objectives &Standards
Met
Dist.Assessment
Time Total Time left
Day 1 Bell Work – Root Word 5 min 50 min
Carbohydrates and lipids 30 min 20 min
Lipid Lab – Part 1 15 min 5 min
End Day 2 Closing – HW Bring a Lipid from home 5 min 0 min
Of Earth poly
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
many polymer
Carbon
• Carbon is an abundant element in all living things
• It can share 4 electrons• It establishes covalent
bonds which are very stable
• It is found in all 4 macromolecules
4 MacromoleculesAll macromolecules are organic (contain carbon)
• Carbohydrates(sugars): act as storageand source of energy
• Lipids (fats): act asstorage of energy; theyare components of cellmembranes
• Proteins: performmultiple cellular functions• Nucleic Acids: holdgenetic message andintervene in theprocessing of geneticinformation
Macromolecules: Hydrocarbon Backbones
• Macromolecules are constituted by hydrocarbon backbones, which mainly provide structural stability
• Through dehydration(or condensation) reactions, monomersare joint together toform polymers
• Hydrolysis reactionsbreak down polymersinto monomers
• Monomer
A molecule that may react chemically to another molecule of the same type to form a larger molecule
Examples: a saccharide, a nucleotide, and an amino acid
• Polymer
A compound made up of several repeating units (monomers)
Examples: disaccharide, DNA, protein,
Of Earthmono
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
one Monomer, monosaccharide
Chart Definitions
• Macromolecule– Biological macromolecules are defined as large molecules made up of
smaller organic molecules called monomers. – There are four Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acid
Note: The underlined words are already in the chart
Vocabulary
• #4 Monomer is a compound whose molecules can join together to form a polymer. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a monomer.
• #13 A Carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms arranged in rings
• #14 A Lipid is a fatty or waxy organic compound that is not soluble in polar solutions (i.e. water)
Glucose moving from Straight Line model to Ring Formation to 3D representation
The Four MacromoleculesMonosaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient
energy source. Main source of
energy
Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Simplest Carbohydrate
Examples of Monosaccharides:Glucose (C6H12O6)Fructose (C6H12O6) Galactose (C6H12O6)
Isomers of each other – Same formula C6H12O6 but the atoms are arranged differently
Isomers – All C6H12O6 but atoms are arranged differently.
Vocabulary
• An Isomer is part of a group of molecules that have the same chemical formula but their atoms are arranged differently
These sugars all have the chemical formula C6H12O6 but their atoms are arranged differently.
The Four MacromoleculesDisaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient energy
source. Main source of energy
Disaccharides Two Simple Sugars
Examples of Disaccharides:Sucrose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Fructose:
Common table sugarLactose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Galactose:
Sugar in Milk – some people are lactose intolerant
Maltose (C12H22O11) = Glucose + Glucose: In Corn Syrup. It is the least common disaccharide.
.
The Four MacromoleculesPolysaccharides
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
C(carbon)
H
(Hydrogen)
O
(oxygen)
Monosaccharide
It is biology's Most efficient energy
source. Main source of energy
Polysaccharides Polymers Many Simple Sugars linked together
Examples of Polysaccharides:Starch (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in PlantsGlycogen (C6H10O5)n - Energy Storage in
Animals – 1,700 to 600,000 units of glucoseCellulose (C6H10O5)n - Makes up Plants
Structure – We use it as wood for building, paper, and cotton for clothing
.
Vocabulary
• # 7 A Polymer is a large compound made up of several repeating monomer units.
• #2 Cellulose is a polymer of Glucose units. It is a fibrous carbohydrate found in the cell walls of green plants and some algae. It provides strength and rigidity to plant cells.
Glucose Glucose Glucose
Cellulose
Of Earth di
Definition Examples in Biology
Memory Word
picture
two disaccharide
The Four MacromoleculesMACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol
Saturated fatty acids:
unsaturated fatty acids:
The Four MacromoleculesLipids
MACRO-MOLECULE
MONOMER(S) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAJOR SUBGROUPS, CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH, EXAMPLES
Lipids
C(carbon)
H(Hydrogen)
O(oxygen)
• 3 Fatty Acids – which are long chains of C–H with a COOH on the end
• And a Glycerol
1. Fats and lipids are storage for energy in the form of fat cells..
2. Make up Cell membranes
3. Aid in Vitamins A,D,E, and K absorption.
4. shock absorber to protect vital organs
5. Insulate the body from temperature extremes.
Some types of lipids: fats. oils, waxes, steroids, cholesterol.
Saturated Fatty Acids
No Double Bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
One double bond
C and H make up most of the molecule.There are only a few Oxygen.
Long chains
Vocabulary
• Cholesterol is a Lipid. It is a small molecule, one of the steroids and is essential to life. It is:
– incorporated in the membranes from which cells are constructed.– Is part of the insulating layers of myelin wound around neurons.– is a starting ingredient for the synthesis of the steroid hormones