reflection of oliver twist in various country
TRANSCRIPT
Name: Gausvami Surbhi A.
Sem : 2
Paper No: 6
Paper: Victorian Literature
Submitted to: Dr. Dilip Barad,
Department of English
MKBU university
Email id: [email protected]
Enrollment No: 2069108420170008
Batch year: 2016-18
Roll No: 24
Definition of child labor “child labor can be described as children who are put
to work at very young age. In most cases a child takes part in labor to help their family’s financial state, child labor prevents children from going to scho“ ol.”
UNICEF: “ Child is involved in child labor activities if between 5 and 11 years of age, he or she did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of domestic work in a week. In case of children between 12 to 14 years of age he or she did at least 14 hours of economic activity or 42 hours of domestic per week.”
Child labor in Oliver Twist
The novel was published in 1838
Major issue: exploitation of child
Child labor played an important role in the industrial revolution.
They pay little wage to the children
Oliver spent nine years in workhouse
Continue…. Marxist standpoint, class
conflict
Upper class exploits not only children but poor in general
“ please sir I want some more”
Child labor effects children physically, mentally, and morally
Satire on Victorian era
Essential Question
“ Was child labor present in Victorian England? Compare and contrast how child labor is present in our world today?”
Child labor in India Child labor is the practice of
having children engage in economic activity. On a part or full time basis. It is harmful to their physical and mental development.
The 1998 National census of India estimated the total number of child labors aged 4 to 15 to be at 12.6 million. Out of total child population of 253 million.
The 2011 national census of India found the total number of child labors aged 5 to 14 to be at 4.35 million.
Article 24
Continue….. UNICEF estimates that India
with it’s larger population has the highest number of labors in the world under 14 years of age.
The international labor organization estimates that agriculture at 60% is the largest employed of child labor in the world.
India’s census 2001 office defines child labor as participation of a child less than 17 years of age in any economically productive activity with or without compensation.
90% child labor observed in rural areas.
Child protection laws in India (1) The factories Act of 1948
(2) The mines Act of 1952
(3) The child and adolescent labor Act of 1986
(4) The Juvenile justice of children Act 2000
(5) Right to education Act 2009
Child labor in Pakistan The Human rights
commission of Pakistan estimated in 1990 that 11 million children were working under the age of 10.
As of 2008 17.2% of the total population lives below the poverty.
Law quality of education, lack of job prospects, lack of progress in religion
Government policies on child labor (1) The factories Act 1934
(2) The west Pakistan shops and establishments ordinance 1969
(3) The employment of children Act 1991
Child labor in Africa Help parents to run family Children forced into exploitation
labor due to family debt and financial factors, poverty.
Commercial plantation, begging, and other sales such as boot shining.
It is estimated 5 million children who are currently working in the field of agriculture increased during the time of harvest.
Rural area: working with animals, selling crops.
Urban area: street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, exotic dancers.
