Reflection through SpeechesMaterials:

ISN Highlighter

Student Objective

0Students will interpret and evaluate the techniques used in media and speeches to influence the message and the audience.

What is a speech?Why do people give speeches?

Authors communicate ideas and feelings about their own lives and the worlds around them in order to connect with others and to clarify their

own thinking. Authors use literary techniques in order to heighten interest, appeal to

an audience, and effectively communicate a message.

How do authors create effective speeches?

0Authors use literary techniques in order to heighten interest, appeal to an audience, and effectively communicate a message.

What techniques are used and Why?

0Diction – word choiceAuthors use words that have feelings attached to

them to make their attitude towards the subject clear to the reader. more than once in a short passage--dwelling on a point.0 Imagery – description using figurative language (ex. simile's /metaphors) and sensory details0Sensory Detail- sight, sound, taste, touch, hear

Repetition

0Repetition- An instance of using a word, phrase, or clause

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed.I have a dream that one day the red hills of Georgia…I have a dam that one day the state of Mississippi

Persuasive Appeals

0The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided the means of persuasion, appeals, into three categories--Ethos, Pathos, Logos.

Logos- Logical Appeal

0 Logos (Greek for word) is the appeal towards logical reason, thus the speaker wants to present an argument that appears to be sound to the audience. Aristotle stated that an argument should prove something or at least it should appear to prove something.

0 Ex:0 Facts as evidence0 Research0 Tradition0 Cause and effect0 Effective metaphors

Ethos- Ethical

0Ethos: (Greek for 'character') refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker

Pathos- Emotional

0Pathos(Greek for 'suffering' or 'experience') is often associated with emotional appeal. But a better equivalent might be 'appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination.' An appeal to pathos causes an audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's point of view--to feel what the writer feels

Techniques

0Non Literal Meaning – words or phrases that do not following basic meaning.

0Hyperbole- ______________.

0 Irony-__________________.

0Oxymoron- ________________.

Techniques

0Aphorism- statement expressing an opinion or a general truth0 Example- "Life is what happens while you're making

other plans"John Lennon

Epigraph0Epigraph- a quotation used to open a work of

literature or a part of a work. Some sources are folk literature, the Bible, aphorisms, fiction, and letters.

0 Oprah Winfrey- Commencement speech at Howard University, 2007

WINFREY: President Swygert, trustees, distinguished guests, my fellow honorees, my she-ro, Dr. Dorothy Height, graduates, parents, friends, what a deep honor to be here today for me.

I think Dr. Gates said it best. You can receive a lot of awards in your life, but there is nothing better... There is nothing better than to be honored by your own.

Allusion

0 Figure of explication using a brief or casual reference to a famous person, historical event, place, or work of art. Sources include history, myth, and the Bible.

0Example:"And I can pledge our nation to a goal: When we see that wounded traveler on the road to Jericho, we will not pass to the other side." -- George W. Bush, 2000 Inaugural Address

Key Understanding

0Authors use literary techniques in order to heighten interest, appeal to an audience, and effectively communicate a message.

Authors also use poetic techniques

0Rhyme0Alliteration0Onomatopoeia0Refrain0 Idiom

Connection and Clarification

0Authors use Ideas and Feelings about their own lives and the world around them in order to connect with others and to clarify their own thinking

Ready, Set, Action

0Students are going to watch a media clip of a speech. 0Think about the information you are learning from

thespeech and how that information is helping you form and opinion about the issues/topic.

Ask yourself?

0What information did I lean about the issue/topic?0Did the information affect my opinion of the

issue/topic?0What was the message of the speech?0What visual and sound techniques we used in the

speech that influenced the message. 0How did those techniques create a particular point of

view and how does that impact an audience?

References

0http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html0http://

www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/allusion.html