reflections on the potential growth of mindfulness meditation in the law

8/16/2019 Reflections on the Potential Growth of Mindfulness Meditation in the Law

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{\i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \b1{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b1 \sb0WILLIAM GOLDMAN}}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b0 \sb0

}{\i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \b1{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b1 \sb010/3/2011}}{\i0 \fs18 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b0\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs18 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b0}{\i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \b1{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b1 \sb0For Educational Use Only}

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}{\i0 \fs18 \cf18 \f0 \b1{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf18 \strike0 \f0 \b1 \sb0REFLECTIONS ON THE POTENTIAL GROWTH OF..., 7 Harv. Negotiation L....}}{\i0 \fs18 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \b0}}\i0 \ri0 \fs18 \ql \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f0 \li0 \b0 \sb0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri0 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \li0 \qr \b0}\i0 \ri0 \fs18 \cf1 \f0 \li0 \qr \b0 \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0

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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f4 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f4 \b0 \sb07 Harv. Negotiation L. Rev. 109\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb400Harvard Negotiation Law Review\par}}}{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f4 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f4 \b0 \sb0Spring 2002\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Mindfulness in the Law and ADR\par}}}{\ri100 \i0 \fs20 \cf19 \f4 \li100 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf19 \strike0 \f4 \b0 \sb200REFLECTIONS ON THE POTENTIAL GROWTH OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION IN THE LAW\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0

{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=h&pubNum=176284&cite=0152093401&originatingDoc=I6e69f84149d211dba16d88fb847e95e5&refType=RQ&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Douglas A. Codiga}}}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_Fa1289391248_ID0EPG}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_Fa1289391248_ID0EPG}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_Fa1289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

a1}}}\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb400Copyright \u169\'3f 2002 Harvard Negotiation Law Review; Douglas A. Codiga\par


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}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EEHAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EEHAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200I. Introduction\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EOHAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EOHAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In his article, \u8220\'3fThe Contemplative Lawyer: On the Potential Contributions of Mindfulness Meditation to Law Students, Lawyers and their Clients,\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F1289391248_ID0E4HA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F1289391248_ID0E4HA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F1289391248_1" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Professor Leonard Riskin candidly states that he does not know whether recent efforts to introduce mindfulness meditation to lawyers and law students are \u8220\'3fharbingers of a larger movement or a few flashes in a few pans.\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F2289391248_ID0ELIA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F2289391248_ID0ELIA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F2289391248_1" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb02}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0If the potential benefits of mindfulness meditation described by Professor Riskin are real, and if the efforts to bring these benefits to the legal professionsignal a larger movement, then mindfulness meditation may become a significant force for positive change in legal education and the practice of law. This potential will be lost, however, if these efforts are indeed merely a few isolated, if inspired, ventures. It is therefore worthwhile to better understand key misconceptions about mindfulness meditation that may limit its appeal to lawyers.\par

}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0E1IAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0E1IAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In this essay, I suggest that recent efforts to introduce mindfulness to the legal community may continue to be little more than \u8220\'3fa few flashes in a few pans\u8221\'3f unless three potential misconceptions about mindfulness meditat


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ion, lawyering and the teachings of Buddhism are firmly laid to rest. First, lawyers must understand that there is nothing mystical or otherworldly about mindfulness meditation.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F3289391248_ID0EOJA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F3289391248_ID0EOJA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F3289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Both the theory and practice of mindfulness meditation are}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_110_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_110_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*110}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0founded on, and compatible with, reason, analysis, and skepticism. Thus, attorneys who practice mindfulness meditation each morning before going to the office,

and at brief moments throughout the workday, are training their minds in a manner consistent with the use of reason and legal analysis in practicing law. Second, it must be clear that the practice of mindfulness meditation requires no commitment to Buddhism.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F4289391248_ID0E5JA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F4289391248_ID0E5JA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F4289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04}}}}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In his article, Riskin explains that although mindfulness meditation is based on the teachings of the Buddha, it can be undertaken with no commitment to Buddhist doctrine or ritual.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F5289391248_ID0EDKA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F5289391248_ID0EDKA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F5289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb05}}}}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200This is true, as far as it goes, but for a lawyer considering mindfulness meditation this may not go far enough. It must be clear that there is no inherent conflict between mindfulness meditation and pre-existing religious beliefs and orientations, and that attorneys who go to church or to synagogue can also integrate mindfulness meditation into their professional and religious lives with littleor no difficulty.\par}}


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}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EPKAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EPKAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Finally, it must be equally clear that mindfulness meditation offers something more than stress reduction and improved lawyering skills. Interested lawyers must appreciate that mindfulness meditation is a proven method for cultivating deeper insights that touch upon the whole of a lawyer\rquote s life.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F6289391248_ID0E1KA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F6289391248_ID0E1KA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F6289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb06}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200For many lawyers, there must be convincing proof of the practical benefits of mindfulness meditation before they will sit down in a quiet room and give it a try. These practical benefits--whether stress reduction or improved listening andnegotiating skills--are tremendously important. Yet they may not be enough to stimulate sustained and widespread interest in mindfulness meditation, especially

among already successful lawyers who may be skeptical about stress reduction methods and wary of what they perceive as another top-down professionalism initiative.\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EJLAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EJLAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0My purpose in this essay, then, is to build on Riskin\rquote s path-breaking and astute exposition of mindfulness meditation in the law by clarifying these thre

e potentially limiting views about the relationship between mindfulness meditation, lawyering, and the teachings of Buddhism. I offer these reflections as a lawyer and law professor with relevant experience in law and contemplative practice. This experience includes extensive involvement with the Law Program of the Center for Contemplative Mind in Society, a non-profit}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_111_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_111_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*111}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

organization that has hosted a number of mindfulness meditation retreats for lawyers and law students over the past several years,}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F7289391248_ID0E1LA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F7289391248_ID0E1LA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F7289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb07}}}


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}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0and personal experience as a law professor, lawyer, and former law student whohas maintained a regular meditation practice over the last fifteen years.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F8289391248_ID0E6LA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F8289391248_ID0E6LA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F8289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb08}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Although my comments in this essay may be of interest to law students and law professors, they are directed primarily to practicing lawyers, especially those who integrate methods of alternative dispute resolution (\u8220\'3fADR\u8221\'3f) and negotiation in their law practices. There are strong indications that lawyers who practice ADR may be more open than others to considering the possible value of mindfulness meditation.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F9289391248_ID0EGMA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F9289391248_ID0EGMA}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F9289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb09}}}\par}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ENMAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ENMAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200

II. Mindfulness Meditation and Legal Reasoning\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EXMAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EXMAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In my work with the Contemplative Law Program, I have raised the topic of contemplative awareness and meditation with a number of lawyers. Although many are receptive and genuinely interested in learning more about meditation, the dominantpreconception I encounter is that meditation and lawyering are startlingly incongruous activities. I have found that the root of this reaction is the perception

}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_112_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_112_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*112}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0that meditation involves what may be described as \u8220\'3fclosing your eyes a


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nd escaping to an imaginary place far removed from daily experience.\u8221\'3f\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EWNAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EWNAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In his article, Riskin depicts mindfulness meditation as not only very different from this but also as something that may improve one\rquote s lawyering skills.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F10289391248_ID0E5N}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F10289391248_ID0E5N}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F10289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb010}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Nevertheless, lawyers may remain doubtful about mindfulness meditation--perhaps rightly so--unless they are convinced that there is nothing otherworldly aboutit, and that practicing mindfulness meditation is entirely consistent with the u

se of reason in the law. Simply put, mindfulness meditation must be thoroughly demystified to avoid this potential barrier to more widespread acceptance.\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EKOAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EKOAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The Buddhist teachings underlying mindfulness meditation make it clear that mindfulness meditation is this-worldly, discourages mystical states of mind, and iscompatible with the use of reason.

}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F11289391248_ID0ESO}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F11289391248_ID0ESO}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F11289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb011}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Recourse to these teachings is appropriate because}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1

{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_113_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_113_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*113}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0mindfulness meditation draws heavily from the Buddhist tradition,}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F12289391248_ID0E1O}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteRe


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ference_F12289391248_ID0E1O}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F12289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb012}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0a large body of teachings exists,}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F13289391248_ID0E4O}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F13289391248_ID0E4O}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F13289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb013}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200and as Riskin reports, mindfulness meditation has been used extensively in early efforts to date to introduce meditation to the legal community.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F14289391248_ID0EBP}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F14289391248_ID0EBP}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F14289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb014}}}\par}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EIPAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EIPAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200

A. Mindfulness Meditation is Consistent with Legal Reasoning\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ESPAC_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ESPAC_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The use of reason in the law, or legal reasoning,}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F15289391248_ID0EYP}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F15289391248_ID0EYP}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F15289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb015}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0is fundamental to the study and practice of law in our legal system. Although this proposition provokes little controversy, the nature and meaning of legal reasoning is subject to extensive academic debate.}


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{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F16289391248_ID0EBA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F16289391248_ID0EBA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F16289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb016}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0This debate reaches far beyond the scope of this essay. For purposes of this discussion, I will broadly define legal reasoning as the use of analogical, deductive, moral or other forms of reasoning to apply legal rules to facts to obtain legal results. Stated otherwise, legal reasoning is the general process of deriving inferences from the general application of general propositions to particulars.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F17289391248_ID0EMA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F17289391248_ID0EMA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F17289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb017}}}}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Of significance here is that this}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_114_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_114_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*114}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0definition of legal reasoning does not equate legal reasoning with scientific syllogistic logic.}

{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F18289391248_ID0EVA}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F18289391248_ID0EVA}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F18289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb018}}}\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0E3AAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0E3AAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Even this relatively non-controversial definition of legal reasoning, however, may strike many lawyers as being at odds with the common perception that all meditation involves the deliberate cultivation of otherworldly, mystical states of mind. These otherworldly mental conditions, it is thought, seek to leave behind or transcend the world of ordinary experience and are the result of deliberate efforts in meditation to supplant ordinary experience with fantasy and paranormalexperiences. The sacred is considered not to be immanent, or found within dailylife experience, but transcendent or something beyond the here-and-now. This und


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erstanding accords with the general perception that meditation is a means of slipping the bounds of reason.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F19289391248_ID0EMB}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F19289391248_ID0EMB}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F19289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb019}}}\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ETBAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ETBAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Buddhist teachings, however, mark the essential compatibility of mindfulness meditation and reason through important attitudes and themes such as intellectual and analytical ability, empiricism and experiential knowledge, and skepticism. Although one does not think and reason while practicing mindfulness meditation, akeen intellect and sharp analytical abilities are valued. The early canonical teachings emphasize that the purpose of meditation is to cultivate mental qualitie

s such as concentration, awareness, intelligence and the analytical faculty.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F20289391248_ID0EBC}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F20289391248_ID0EBC}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F20289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb020}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Meditation students are encouraged to simply observe, watch and examine their mental phenomena, and to refrain from criticizing or discriminating. \u8220\'3fYo

u are . . . a scientist. . . . Thus}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_115_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_115_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*115}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200you become detached and free, so that you may see things as they are.\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F21289391248_ID0EZC}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteRe

ference_F21289391248_ID0EZC}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F21289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb021}}}\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj


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{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EADAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EADAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Buddhist teachings similarly place high value on verifying religious experiencethrough empirical knowledge. Insights must be experienced and not taken on faith. This \u8220\'3fscrupulous empiricism\u8221\'3f in Buddhism is compatible withthe pragmatic tenor of Western culture.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F22289391248_ID0EOD}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F22289391248_ID0EOD}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F22289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb022}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The Buddha constantly urged his followers to never adopt his teachings uncritically, but to fully investigate them.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F23289391248_ID0ETD}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F23289391248_ID0ETD}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F23289391248_1" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb023}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0He insisted that his disciples test everything he taught them against their own experience and take nothing on hearsay.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F24289391248_ID0EYD}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F24289391248_ID0EYD}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F24289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

24}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Skepticism toward Buddhist teachings was sanctioned and even encouraged.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F25289391248_ID0E3D}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F25289391248_ID0E3D}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F25289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb025}}}

\par}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EDEAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EDEAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200B. Mindfulness Meditation is Not Otherworldly or Mystical


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\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ENEAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ENEAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Although it differs radically, lawyers new to mindfulness meditation may conflate it with the conception that meditation is otherworldly and mystical. There may be several reasons for the persistence of this view of meditation. Lawyers, like others in society, may simply lack exposure to basic ideas about what meditation is.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F26289391248_ID0E2E}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F26289391248_ID0E2E}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F26289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb026}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The word \u8220\'3fmeditation\u8221\'3f is broad enough to accommodate several}

{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_116_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_116_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*116}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0different meanings.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F27289391248_ID0EFF}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F27289391248_ID0EFF}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F27289391248_1" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb027}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The media may perpetuate the view of meditation as otherwordly and mystical. The popularity of various forms of yoga, some of which involve meditation, may contribute to this perception. Whatever the cause, for many lawyers the act of \u8220\'3fgathering in dimly lit rooms\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F28289391248_ID0EOF}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F28289391248_ID0EOF}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F28289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb028}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0to meditate is considered the polar opposite of sitting down in a brightly litoffice or courtroom to do legal work.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0


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}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F32289391248_ID0EPH}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F32289391248_ID0EPH}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F32289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb032}}}\par}}}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EZHAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EZHAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0In short, Buddhist teachings--from those of Siddhartha Gautama in India 2500 years ago to contemporary American teachers--clearly do}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_117_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_117_1}

{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*117}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200not support the common perception that meditation involves mystical, otherworldly experience. Although mindfulness meditation can be practiced with little or no knowledge of these teachings, they should help to dispel the doubts of lawyers concerned that mindfulness meditation involves, in essence, \u8220\'3fclosing your eyes and escaping to an imaginary place far removed from daily experience.\u8221\'3f\par}

}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EVIAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EVIAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200III. Mindfulness Meditation Requires No Commitment to Buddhism\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0E6IAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0E6IAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Lawyers may also be unwilling to try mindfulness meditation unless it is clear that it is compatible with pre-existing religious beliefs and orientations, and requires no commitment to Buddhism.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F33289391248_ID0EHJ}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F33289391248_ID0EHJ}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F33289391248_1" }{\fldrslt


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{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb033}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Thus far, the relationship between mindfulness meditation and Buddhism has been deemphasized in efforts to introduce mindfulness to the legal community. Although there are valid and useful reasons for this,}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F34289391248_ID0ENJ}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F34289391248_ID0ENJ}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F34289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb034}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0the lack of clarity may make some lawyers uncomfortable and reluctant to try mindfulness meditation. Buddhist teachings, however, clearly demonstrate that it is compatible with other religious orientations. Moreover, mindfulness meditation also does not conflict with other religious traditions insofar as it is a partof an emerging form of agnostic or secular Buddhism that favors reason over faith and places little or no emphasis on religious beliefs, Buddhist or otherwise.

\par}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0E3JAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0E3JAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_118_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_118_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0

*118}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200A. Teachings of Buddhism\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EKKAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EKKAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Buddhist teachings affirm that subscribing to Buddhist beliefs is not a prerequi

site to practicing mindfulness. This is consistent with the emphasis on individual effort in Buddhist teachings.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F35289391248_ID0EVK}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F35289391248_ID0EVK}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F35289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb035}}}


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}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The goal in Buddhist thought is wisdom, and this wisdom is not necessarily achieved through belonging to a particular group, including a Buddhist group. As Robert A.F. Thurman explains:\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa50 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb250[I]n Buddhist . . . thought in general, delusion is the root cause of suffering, and wisdom is the antidote for delusion, hence the root cause of liberation. Wisdom . . . is not accumulated instrumental knowledge, but is a special kind of super-knowing, a knowing by becoming the known, by transcending the subject-object dichotomy. Thus, liberation is achieved not by believing, not by participating in any ceremony or belonging to any group, but by understanding in the deepestpossible way.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F36289391248_ID0EOL}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F36289391248_ID0EOL}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F36289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb036}}}\par}}}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj

{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EYLAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EYLAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A person practicing Buddhism can therefore practice other faiths without violating any principle of Buddhism.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F37289391248_ID0EAM}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F37289391248_ID0EAM}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F37289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb037}}}}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0As one scholar explains, \u8220\'3f[a] person\rquote s theology was a matter of total indifference to the Buddha. To accept a doctrine on somebody else\rquotes authority was, in his eyes, an \u8216\'3funskillful\u8217\'3f state, which could not lead to enlightenment, because it was an abdication of personal responsibility.\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F38289391248_ID0ERM}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F38289391248_ID0ERM}


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addition, mindfulness meditation can be and has been practiced by many who do not embrace Buddhism as a religion. For example, the Chicago Bulls are not a Buddhist organization, even though their former head coach, Phil Jackson, is widelyknown to incorporate mindfulness in his coaching exercises.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F42289391248_ID0EDO}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F42289391248_ID0EDO}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F42289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb042}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Riskin chronicles a host of law students, professors and attorneys who have taken up mindfulness meditation in this manner.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F43289391248_ID0EIO}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F43289391248_ID0EIO}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F43289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb043}}}

}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200And to date the Law Program has hosted five law retreats led exclusively by teachers of Buddhism who taught mindfulness meditation from the Buddhist traditionto individuals with a variety of religious orientations.\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EROAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EROAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

The Law Program endorses and uses mindfulness meditation in part because lawyers who participate in its law retreats can practice it without making a commitment to becoming a Buddhist. The Center is not a Buddhist organization.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F44289391248_ID0E3O}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F44289391248_ID0E3O}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F44289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb044}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200

It employs a variety of contemplative practices to encourage contemplative awareness in business and academics. The goal of the Center is to:\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0


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}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_120_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_120_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*120}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa50 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb250integrate contemplative awareness into contemporary life in order to help create a more just, compassionate, and reflective society. The Center teaches contemplative practice at retreats and meetings in secular settings to help people change the way they understand the world and move toward more compassionate action . . . . It is the Center\rquote s hope that these actions will increase the visibility and reveal the value of contemplative practice to greater society.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F45289391248_ID0EWP}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F45289391248_ID0EWP}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F45289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb045}}}\par}

}}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EAQAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EAQAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200In a correspondingly broad manner, the Center defines \u8220\'3fcontemplative practice\u8221\'3f as:\par}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs20 \sa50 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb250an attempt to quiet the mind in the midst of the stress and distraction of everyday life in order to cultivate a personal capacity for deep concentration and insight. Although usually practiced in silence, examples of contemplative practice include not only sitting in silence but also many forms of single-minded concentration, including meditation, contemplative prayer, mindful walking, focused experiences in nature, yoga and other contemplative physical or artistic practices. We also consider various kinds of ritual and ceremony designed to create sacre

d space and increase insight and awareness . . . to be forms of contemplative practice.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F46289391248_ID0EZQ}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F46289391248_ID0EZQ}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F46289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb046}}}


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\par}}}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EDRAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EDRAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200The Center has used mindfulness meditation, which can be practiced with no particular commitment to Buddhism, in each of the five law retreats to date because it is consistent with the Center\rquote s goals and its encompassing definition of contemplative practice.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F47289391248_ID0EKR}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F47289391248_ID0EKR}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F47289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb047}}}\par

}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ERRAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ERRAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_121_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_121_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*121

}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200B. Rise of Agnostic or Secular Buddhism\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0E6RAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0E6RAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Mindfulness meditation also does not conflict with other religious traditions insofar as it is a part of an emerging form of agnostic or secular Buddhism that e

ven more strongly favors reason over faith and places little or no emphasis on religious beliefs, Buddhist or otherwise. In recent years, proponents of \u8220\'3fBuddhism without beliefs\u8221\'3f have written about and promoted what they term an \u8220\'3fagnostic\u8221\'3f form of Buddhism that, in their view, is consistent with but does not rely on Buddhist doctrine or ritual.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F48289391248_ID0EKS}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F48289391248_ID0EKS}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F48289391248_1" }{\fldrslt


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{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb048}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0This form of Buddhism is claimed to be more accessible to Westerners and more consistent with the Western canon and its reliance on reason and logic. This view is also reflected in the Dalai Lamas\rquote s recent efforts to develop and promote an ethical system that is based on reason and not religious dogma.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F49289391248_ID0ERS}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F49289391248_ID0ERS}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F49289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb049}}}\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EYSAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EYSAE_1}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200This perspective suggests two things to lawyers who may consider practicing mindfulness meditation. First, there are those within the Buddhist tradition (from which mindfulness meditation is derived) who depict the tradition as one that radically de-emphasizes beliefs. This lack of emphasis on beliefs further reduces potential conflicts between practicing mindfulness meditation and following other religious paths. Second, the movement toward a \u8220\'3fBuddhism without beliefs\u8221\'3f signals the rise of new forms of religiosity in the west that are amenable to spiritual practice that may not be tied to specific religious traditions.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F50289391248_ID0EIT}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteRe

ference_F50289391248_ID0EIT}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F50289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb050}}}\par}}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EPTAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EPTAE_1}

{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200IV. Mindfulness Meditation and the Cultivation of Insight\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EZTAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EZTAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0A friend once asked Gandhi if his aim in settling in a poor rural village in Ind


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Gandhi\rquote s response is instructive for lawyers who are interested in taking up mindfulness meditation but who may misapprehend it as simply a tool for stress reduction or improved listening and negotiation skills. While mindfulness meditation may provide these and possibly other pragmatic benefits, it also offerssomething more: the chance to cultivate self-realization through serving clients and practicing the law.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F54289391248_ID0E6V}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F54289391248_ID0E6V}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F54289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb054}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The deeper appeal of mindfulness meditation to lawyers is its potential to connect the day-to-day work of lawyering with insights that provide lasting meaninginto perennial questions about human existence.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F55289391248_ID0EEW}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F55289391248_ID0EEW}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F55289391248_1" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb055}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Like Gandhi serving the villagers, these insights come not from metaphysical speculation but through mindful legal work grounded in regular meditation practice. For mindfulness meditation to be more widely embraced throughout the profession, this dual potential--pragmatic benefits plus deeper insights--must be clearly understood and appreciated.\par}}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EQWAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EQWAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_123_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_123_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*123}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

This deeper potential of mindfulness meditation comes into relief when mindfulness meditation is contrasted against the various \u8220\'3fvectors\u8221\'3f ofthe comprehensive law movement described by Riskin.}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F56289391248_ID0E3W}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F56289391248_ID0E3W}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F56289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb056


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}}}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Although it is reasonable to conclude that each of these vectors affords some measure of insight, and may incorporate methods similar to mindfulness meditation, none of these vectors is primarily a contemplative practice. Mindfulness meditation, in contrast, is not a vector of the comprehensive law movement, but a contemplative practice drawn from a wisdom tradition (Buddhism) that has taken root in the larger, non-legal society.}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200While many non-lawyers practice mindfulness meditation, only lawyers and thosein the law are likely to devote effort to therapeutic jurisprudence, collaborative law, or any of the other vectors. The potential of mindfulness meditation totouch the whole of a lawyer\rquote s life sets it apart from these vectors, andsuggests its unique potential.\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EOXAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EOXAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

Similarly, it must be clear to interested lawyers that the potential depth afforded by mindfulness meditation resonates with deeper ideals in the law such as justice and equality. One of the aims of the Contemplative Law Program is to allow lawyers to reconnect with ideals of social and environmental justice through contemplative practice. Such lofty ideals, which may have motivated one to enter law school, can grow dormant on entering the profession. Stress reduction methods and improved listening and negotiating skills, although valuable, may be perceived as lacking the depth and gravitas that corresponds to the recovery of theseideals.\par}}}

}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \qc \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EDYAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EDYAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa200 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb200V. Conclusion\par}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ENYAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ENYAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

Oliver Wendell Holmes remarked long ago that \u8220\'3fthe only cosmic possibilities I know anything about are the actualities.\u8221\'3f}{\i0 \fs16 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnoteReference_F57289391248_ID0E5Y}{\*\bkmkend co_footnoteReference_F57289391248_ID0E5Y}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnote_F57289391248_1" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs16 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb057}}}


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}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0For today\rquote s lawyers, mindfulness meditation provides a straightforward,practical method for the essential work of recovering deep meaning amidst the \u8220\'3factualities\u8221\'3f of a busy work life, while at the same time delivering}{\i1 \fs20 \cf20 \f2 \b1{\*\bkmkstart co_pp_sp_111958_124_1}{\*\bkmkend co_pp_sp_111958_124_1}{\i1 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf20 \strike0 \f2 \b1 \sb0*124}}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0practical benefits for individual well-being and improved lawyering skills. Riskin\rquote s article provides a comprehensive and valuable overview of this exciting development in the law. He has shown that a number of lawyers and law students have already embarked on an exploration of law and contemplative practice, and that it is reasonable to conclude that their efforts will continue to yield powerful practical benefits.\par}}}

{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0ESZAE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0ESZAE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200Yet lingering doubts about the implications of taking up mindfulness meditationmay prevent interested lawyers from delving further into this topic. It is possible that the current blossoming of interest in mindfulness meditation will indeed turn out to be little more than \u8220\'3fa few flashes in a few pans,\u8221\'3f yielding altogether little light. Thus, it must be clear to interested attorneys that mindfulness meditation is not mystical or otherworldly, that one need not become a Buddhist, and that, ultimately, mindfulness meditation allows for the cultivation of deep insights into fundamental questions about human life--in addition to stress reduction and improved lawyering skills.

\par}}}{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\ri0 \i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li0 \b0 \qj{\*\bkmkstart co_g_ID0EN1AE_1}{\*\bkmkend co_g_ID0EN1AE_1}{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb200A young law student\rquote s struggle to reconcile contemplative practice and life as a lawyer points to the ultimate goal of current efforts to bring mindfulness meditation into the law. Following a period of silent meditation at a recentlaw retreat, the student shared with the other law retreat participants that hewas puzzled over how to \u8220\'3fapply\u8221\'3f contemplative practice to his

life as a future lawyer. As a lawyer, how do you apply mindfulness meditation to your work? His epiphany was the realization that the goal is the reverse of this. Rather than to apply mindfulness meditation as another skill or ability, thegoal is to fundamentally establish oneself in mindful awareness and then practice law from that place. This opportunity and challenge--for it is both--lies at the heart of current efforts to integrate law and contemplative practice by exposing lawyers to the practice of mindfulness meditation.\par}}


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}}}{{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadl200 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrt \clbrdrl \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri20 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Footnotes}}\i0 \ri20 \fs20 \ql \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_Fa1289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_Fa1289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_Fa1289391248_ID0EPG" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0a1}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Visiting Assistant Professor, William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii Manoa; M.A., 1991, Religion (Asian Religions), University of Hawaii Manoa; J.D., 1994, William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii Manoa;LL.M., 1999, Yale Law School; consultant and former Director, Contemplative Law

Program, Center for Contemplative Mind in Society. I wish to thank Damien P. Horigan, Steven Keeva, Heidi Norton, and Luci Yamamoto for their helpful comments and suggestions.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3

\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F1289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F1289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F1289391248_ID0E4HA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb01}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}


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{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F3289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F3289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F3289391248_ID0EOJA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb03}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See infra notes 11-32 and accompanying text.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080

\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F4289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F4289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F4289391248_ID0E5JA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb04}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See infra notes 33-50 and accompanying text.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3

\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F5289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F5289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F5289391248_ID0EDKA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb05}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}


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}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1, at 32.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F6289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F6289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F6289391248_ID0E1KA" }{\fldrslt

{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb06}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See infra notes 51-56 and accompanying text.\par}}

}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F7289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F7289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F7289391248_ID0E1LA" }{\fld

rslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb07}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0


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I participated in the first-ever mindfulness meditation retreat for law students, or law retreat, in October 1998 while a student in the LL.M. program at the Yale Law School. I subsequently served as the part-time Director of the Law Program from 1999-2001 and currently am a consultant to the program. The views expressed in this essay are mine alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of theCenter for Contemplative Mind in Society. The Law Program and law retreats are cited throughout Riskin\rquote s article. See, e.g., Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1, at 34, 45.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F8289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F8289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F8289391248_ID0E6LA" }{\fld

rslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb08}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I began Zen Buddhist meditation practice in 1986 with Robert Aitken Roshi and the Diamond Sangha and have maintained a regular practice of daily meditation andannual or semi-annual intensive retreats since that time. Prior to entering law

school in 1991, I completed a Masters degree in Asian Religions, with a focus on Buddhist environmental ethics. I have been in private practice with full-service law firms since 1994, concentrating in environmental law and civil litigation. I have taught various environmental law courses and legal methods at the William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii Manoa, since 1996. I also teach meditation to inmates as a volunteer at a local correctional facility.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0

\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F9289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F9289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F9289391248_ID0EGMA" }{\fldrslt


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb09}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Riskin\rquote s efforts to introduce mindfulness meditation to ADR lawyers havemet with significant interest. See Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1, at 36. Gandhi, perhaps one of the greatest exemplars of law and contemplative awareness, was a strong proponent of what is now termed ADR. See John Leubsdorf,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0112849740&pubNum=2999&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_2999_925" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Gandhi\rquote s Legal Ethics, 51 Rutgers L. Rev. 923, 925 (1999)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(noting Gandhi\rquote s \u8220\'3fdevotion to alternative dispute resolution\u8221\'3f and quoting Gandhi who wrote that \u8220\'3fa large part of my time duri

ng the twenty years of my practice as a lawyer was occupied in bringing about private compromises of hundreds of cases. I lost nothing thereby--not even money,certainly not my soul.\u8221\'3f). Gandhi later urged the implementation of Arbitration Boards, which were to dispense \u8220\'3fpure, simple, home-made justice,\u8221\'3f as part of a political boycott of the British-imposed Indian court system.}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0112849740&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Id. at 930.}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}

\par}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0

{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F10289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F10289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F10289391248_ID0E5N" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb010}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj


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{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1, at 48-60.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F11289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F11289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F11289391248_ID0ESO" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb011}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}

}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Scholars and commentators frequently acknowledge that there is a question as towhether Buddhism is a religion or a philosophy and practical way of life. The existence of this question itself strongly suggests Buddhist meditation practice may have more to do with cultivating awareness in daily life than achieving mystical states. Riskin notes that \u8220\'3fthe teachings on which mindfulness is based are as much a philosophy or a psychology as a religion.\u8221\'3f Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1 at 32.\par

}}{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The Thai legal scholar Sompong Sucharitkul acknowledges this question at the outset of his study of law and Buddhism:\par}}}{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The first question relates to Buddhism itself as a religion. Most Buddhists regard the teachings of the Buddha as their religious guidance and principles to observe. Some consider Buddhism as a philosophy, a practical way of life.}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Although Buddhism may be different from other religions of the world in that the conception of a supreme being such as God is singularly absent from the central theme of the Buddha\rquote s teachings, nonetheless, Buddhism is generally rega


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rded as a religion by historians and missionaries alike.\par}}}}{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Sompong Sucharitkul,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0109103904&pubNum=1433&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_1433_69" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Thai Law and Buddhist Law, 46 Am. J. Comp. L. 69, 69-70 (1998)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0[hereinafter Sucharitkal, Thai Law].\par}}{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Buddhism is generally viewed in American law as a religion, despite lacking a notion of \u8216\'3fGod\u8216\'3f similar to that found in Judaism, Christianity,and Islam. See, e.g.,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1970134245&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_358" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Welsh v. U.S., 398 U.S. 333, 358 n.8 (1970)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}

{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(Harlan, J., concurring);}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1965125037&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_174" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0U.S. v. Seeger, 380 U.S. 163, 174 (1965)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0;}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1961104513&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_780_495" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488, 495 n.11 (1961)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0; see also}


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{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=1972127093&pubNum=780&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319 (1972)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(per curiam); Damien P. Horigan, Of}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0107748733&pubNum=1435&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_1435_273" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Compassion and Capital Punishment: A Buddhist Perspective on the Death Penalty,41 Am. J. Juris. 271, 273 (1996)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0.\par}}}{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj

{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0The Buddhist scholar Robert A.F. Thurman argues that \u8220\'3f[s]ince wisdom is the ultimate cause of awakening ... from ignorance, then [Buddhist] disciplines and practices are educational in the classical sense.... No God can awaken someone. No belief can awaken someone. No meditation can awaken someone. The individual\rquote s transformative understanding is their [sic] awakening.\u8221\'3f As such, the Buddhist tradition should be viewed \u8220\'3fessentially as an education tradition. In its essence and beginnings, it is not too religious in the usual sense of that word, i.e., focused on the transcendent, the sacred, concerned with ultimate realities, warrants of meaning.\u8221\'3f Robert A. F. Thurman, Meditation and Education: Buddhist India, Tibet and Modern America 4 (1996) [hereinafter Thurman, Meditation and Education].

\par}}}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080

\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F12289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F12289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F12289391248_ID0E1O" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb012}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}


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}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1, at 32.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F13289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F13289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F13289391248_ID0E4O" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

13}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Buddhist scriptures, written in various Asian languages, are voluminous and take up several shelves in a library. Most of these texts are written in Pali, a north Indian dialect. About one hundred years after the death of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, his followers recorded oral teachings from memory. These teachings became known as the Pali Canon or Tipitaka (or, \u8220\'3fThree Bask

ets,\u8221\'3f because when they were written down they were kept in three different receptacles): (1) the Sutta Pitaka, or discourses, which consists of five collections of sermons delivered by the Buddha; (2) the Vinaya Pitaka, or Book of Monastic Discipline, which codifies the rules of the Buddhist Order, and (3) the Abhidhamma Pitaka, which is concerned with philosophical and doctrinal analyses. See Karen Armstrong, Buddha xiii-xvi (2001).\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0

\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F14289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F14289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F14289391248_ID0EBP" }{\fldrslt


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{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb014}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0See Riskin, Contemplative Lawyer, supra note 1 at 33-45.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0

{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F15289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F15289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F15289391248_ID0EYP" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb015}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0I use the phrases \u8220\'3fthe use of reason in the law\u8221\'3f and \u8220\'3

flegal reasoning\u8221\'3f synonymously. Although the former conveys the intended broad notion of reason in the law, the latter is less cumbersome and the accepted shorthand.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3

\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F16289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F16289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F16289391248_ID0EBA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb016}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}


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}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0For a useful overview of this debate, especially as it relates to the method ofanalogy, see Emily Sherwin, A}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0113151091&pubNum=3039&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3039_1180" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Defense of Analogical Reasoning, 66 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1179, 1180-85 (1999)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. As described by Sherwin, analogical reasoning operates as follows: \u8220\'3fconfronted with an unsettled question, the judge surveys past decisions, identifies ways in which these decisions are similar to or different from each other and the question before her, and develops a principle that captures the similarities and differences she considers important. This principle in turn provides the basis for the judge\rquote s own decision.\u8221\'3f}

{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0113151091&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Id. at 1179-80.}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}\par}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \ro

w }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F17289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F17289391248_1}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F17289391248_ID0EMA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0

17}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0David R. Samuelson,}


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{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0108891970&pubNum=3196&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3196_585" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Introducing Legal Reasoning, 47 J. Legal Educ. 571, 585 (1997)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0[hereinafter Samuelson, Legal Reasoning].\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql \cellx10080\intbl{\ri120 \i0 \ql \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0{\i0 \fs20 \cf1 \f2 \b0{\*\bkmkstart co_footnote_F18289391248_1}{\*\bkmkend co_footnote_F18289391248_1}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "#co_footnoteReference_F18289391248_ID0EVA" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb018}\i0 \fs20 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}}}\i0 \ri120 \fs20 \ql \cf1 \f2 \li120 \b0 \intbl \cell \intbl{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\ri20 \i0 \fs18 \cf1 \f2 \li20 \b0 \qj{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Critics of the method of analogy contend that \u8220\'3f[l]egal reasoning is nothing more than reasoning ... about legal materials[.]\u8221\'3f Alan D. Hornstei

n, The Myth of Legal Reasoning,}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&pubNum=1187&cite=40MDLREV338&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_1187_339" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb040 Md. L. Rev. 338, 339 (1981)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. Stated otherwise, \u8220\'3f[l]aw requires reasoning, but of perfectly ordinary kinds.\u8221\'3f Larry Alexander, The}

{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0108906217&pubNum=1211&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_1211_533" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Banality of Legal Reasoning, 73 Notre Dame L. Rev. 517, 533 (1998)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0. This view seems to foreclose attempts to equate legal reasoning and purely mathematical reasoning. See


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}{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullText?findType=Y&serNum=0110404567&pubNum=3084&originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=cblt1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)#co_pp_sp_3084_830" }{\fldrslt{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf5 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0Russell L. Caplan, Book Review, 93 Harv. L. Rev. 817, 830-31 (1980)}\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \cf5 \ul0 \f2 \strike0 \b0 \sb0 }}{\i0 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \b0 \sb0(reviewing Neil MacCormick, Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory (1978)) (explaining that MacCormick steers \u8220\'3fbetween the Scylla of ultrarational naturalism and the Charybdis of irrational emotivism. If there are no absolutely right answers hanging from chains of pure deduction, there are at least rational arguments governed by a definite sequence of intellectual operations.\u8221\'3f). See also Samuelson, Legal Reasoning, supra note 17, at 585.\par}}}}\i0 \ri20 \fs18 \sa0 \ul0 \cf1 \strike0 \f2 \li20 \b0 \sb0 \qj \intbl \cell \row }{\trowd \itap0 \trleft0\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb100 \clpadfb3 \clpadl100 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrl \trql \clvertalt \cellx600

\clpadt20 \clpadft3 \clpadb90 \clpadfb3 \clpadl90 \clpadfl3 \clpadr20 \clpadfr3\clbrdrr \trql

reflections on the potential growth of mindfulness meditation in the law

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