REFORM MOVEMENTS

ORGANIZATIONS INTENDED TO MAKE THINGS

BETTER

Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights

PROBLEM WOMEN DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE IMPROVEMENTS WERE NEEDED IN THE

SCHOOL SYSTEM, PUBLIC HEALTH, CARE FOR DEPENDENT & DELINQUENT CHILDREN, SAFETY IN COMMUNITIES & PROTECTION FOR WORKING WOMEN

CORRUPT & INEFFICIENT GOVERNMENTS WOMEN WANTED TO SERVE ON JURIES AND

HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE

Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS  CONVENTIONS TO BRING ABOUT

PUBLIC AWARENESS ENFRANCHISEMENT OF WOMEN  SPONSOR LECTURES, DISRTRIBUTE

PAMPHLETS, SUPPORT PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES IN BEHALF OF THE WAR EFFORT DURING WORLD WAR I TO GAIN SUPPORT.

Woman Suffrage & Equal RightsRESULT

• NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED

 

• TEXAS EQUAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, TEXAS EQUAL RIGHTS ASSOCIATION, TEXAS CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS, TEXAS FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS WERE ESTABLISHED

 

• IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD WELFARE, CHILD LABOR LEGISLATION WAS PASSED, IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHCARE, TEACHER CERTIFICATION, FUNDING FOR WOMEN’S SCHOLARSHIPS AND WOMEN’S DORMITORIES AT UNIVERSITIES, TRAVELING LIBRARIES AND PERMANENT LIBRARIES, TEXAS HISTORY BECAME A REQUIRED SUBJECT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BETTER TREATMENT FOR THE CRIMINALLY INSANE, FOSTER HOMES FOR CHILDREN WERE ESTABLISHED, MARRIED WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED, JURY SERVICE FOR WOMEN, AND HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF THE ALAMO, SAM HOUSTON’S HOME AND THE GOVERNOR’S MANSION.

Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights

NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS

 ANNETTE FINNIGAN  DR. GRACE DANFORTH  REBECCA HENRY HAYES  MRS. ANNA PENNYBACKER  KATE STURM McCALL ROTAN

ProhibitionPROBLEM

  LIQUOR PROMOTED: CRIME POVERTY IMMORALITY NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF FAMILY

MEMBERS

ProhibitionPOSSIBLE SOLUTION

  TOTAL ABSTINENCE FROM

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES PUT LIQUOR DEALERS OUT OF

BUSINESS ALCOHOL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC

SCHOOLS

ProhibitionRESULT

WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION & TEXAS ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE WERE ESTABLISHED

EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED & A STATE PROHIBITION AMENDMENT WAS PASSED

INCREASE OF DRY COUNTIES

ProhibitionNOTABLE INDIVIDUALS

 FRANCES WILLARD  ARTHUR J. BARTON  BENJAMIN FRANKLIN RILEY  HELEN M. STODDARD  THOMAS HENRY BALL  CHARLES H. JENKINS

Prison ReformPROBLEM

NO PRISONER REHABILITATION CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM NO EDUCATIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL

TRAINING PROGRAMS  NO RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS  POOR MEDICAL CARE & POOR NUTRITION  POOR FACILITIES-EXPOSURE TO

FLOODING & DISEASE  OVERCROWDING & JUVENILES & ADULTS

INCARCERATED TOGETHER

Prison ReformPOSSIBLE SOLUTION 

REPLACE CURRENT MANAGERS/ ADMINISTRATORS 

BUILD MORE PRISON FACILITIES  STATE NO LONGER CONTROLS THE

PRISON SYSTEM-LEASE THE SYSTEM TO A PRIVATE COMPANY

TO OPERATE AND RUN THE PRISON FACILITIES 

BUILD JUVENILE FACILITIES

Prison Reform

RESULT THE TEXAS COMMITTEE ON PRISONS &

PRISON LABOR CONDUCTED A SURVEY OF THE PRISONS 

PRISON LEASE SYSTEM & CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM WAS ABOLISHED 

NEW NINE-MEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS-“TEXAS PRISON BOARD” WAS ESTABLISHED 

EXPANDED EDUCATIONAL & RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES; IMPROVED NUTRITION; IMPROVED FACILITIES 

BOYS’ REFORMATORIES WERE CREATED

Prison Reform

NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS MINNIE F. CUNNINGHAM  RABBI HENRY COHEN  MARY E. BRACKENRIDGE  ELIZABETH SPEER  JANE Y. McCALLUM  CHARLES S. POTTS  GEORGE W. BRIGGS  DR. A. C. SCOTT

NAACPPROBLEM 

PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSES AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS 

REVIVAL OF THE KKK  RACIAL SEGREGATION IN ALL

ASPECTS OF LIFE  RESTRICTIVE VOTER REGISTRATION

LAWS, POLL TAX AND WHITE PRIMARIES

NAACPPOSSIBLE SOLUTION 

PRESS FOR RACIAL EQUALITY THROUGH LITIGATION 

PROVIDE LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND FUNDING 

NATIONAL PUBLIC AWARENESS  PURSUE RIGHTS THROUGH CIVIC,

POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL GROUPS

NAACPRESULT

INCREASED INVOVEMENT IN THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE AND THE TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN’S CLUBS 

ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE HOMES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN GIRLS 

SEVERAL LAW SUITS WERE WON IN FAVOR OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT 

AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS AND CHURCH GROUPS DENOUNCED SEGREGATION AND WHITE OPPRESSION

NAACP

NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 

J. A. GRUMBLES  ANTONIO MACEO SMITH  ADA BELL DeMENT  GEORGE WRIGHT CUNEY

Brotherhood of Timber Workers

PROBLEM   COMPANY TOWNS  LONG HOURS, LOW PAY   UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS  CUT-OUT-GET-OUT POLICY  UNANNOUNCED PAYCUTS &

IRREGULAR PAYDAYS

Brotherhood of Timber Workers

POSSIBLE SOLUTION  ORGANIZE UNIONS –THE

BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS 

ESTABLISH WORKERS COMPENSATION SYSTEM 

ESTABLISH A FORESTRY PROGRAM  IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS

Brotherhood of Timber WorkersRESULT  

MILL OWNERS FORMED TRADE ASSOCIATIONS TO BLOCK FORMATION OF UNIONS 

DISUNITY AMONG THE WORKERS CAUSED LACK OF EFFECTIVE UNIONS 

TEXAS FORESTRY ASSOCIATION WAS FORMED 

BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS STAGED STRIKES AND WALKOUTS; MERGED WITH THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD; AND EVENTUALLY FAILED

Brotherhood of Timber Workers

NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS  JOHN HENRY KIRBY  JAY SMITH  ARTHUR LEE EMERSON  TH0MAS L. L. TEMPLE  W. A. PICKERING  ROBERT A. LONG