ReformationReformation1300- 16001300- 1600

Causes of the ReformationCauses of the Reformation

By 1500, forces weakened ChurchBy 1500, forces weakened Church Renaissance challenged Church authorityRenaissance challenged Church authority Movement began in Germany Movement began in Germany Spread throughout Europe because of Spread throughout Europe because of

political and social forcespolitical and social forces

Problems within Catholic ChurchProblems within Catholic Church

Critics of Church claimed leaders were Critics of Church claimed leaders were corruptcorrupt Popes- patronsPopes- patrons Spent extravagantly Spent extravagantly Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than Too busy pursuing worldly affairs than

spiritual dutiesspiritual duties

Problems cont’dProblems cont’d

Lower clergy and their problemsLower clergy and their problems Poorly educatedPoorly educated Broke priestly vowsBroke priestly vows

Early Calls for ReformEarly Calls for Reform

Influenced by reformers, people expected Influenced by reformers, people expected higher standardshigher standards

In early 1300s and 1400s, people were In early 1300s and 1400s, people were demanding reformsdemanding reforms

Luther Challenges the ChurchLuther Challenges the Church

Wanted to be a good ChristianWanted to be a good Christian Stood against Tetzel who was selling Stood against Tetzel who was selling

indulgencesindulgences 95 Theses95 Theses

Luther’s TeachingsLuther’s Teachings

Wanted full reform of the ChurchWanted full reform of the Church TeachingsTeachings

Could win salvation only by faith in GodCould win salvation only by faith in God Church teachings should be based on BibleChurch teachings should be based on Bible All people with faith were equalAll people with faith were equal

Pope Gets MAD!!Pope Gets MAD!!

Luther initially viewed as a rebellious monkLuther initially viewed as a rebellious monk Later Pope realized he was a serious Later Pope realized he was a serious

threatthreat Pope threatens with excommunicationPope threatens with excommunication

Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD Holy Roman Emperor Gets MAD too!!too!!

Charles V was a devout Catholic and Charles V was a devout Catholic and didn’t like Luther’s teachingsdidn’t like Luther’s teachings

He summons Luther for trial and later is He summons Luther for trial and later is declared an outlawdeclared an outlaw

Ruler of Saxony took him in Ruler of Saxony took him in Luther’s ideas still carried on and became Luther’s ideas still carried on and became

known as Lutheransknown as Lutherans

Great Schism (in Germany)Great Schism (in Germany)

Within Roman Catholic ChurchWithin Roman Catholic Church Much fighting occurred Much fighting occurred Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the Peace of Augsburg- agreed that the

religion of each German state was to be religion of each German state was to be decided by its rulerdecided by its ruler

Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of England

King of EnglandKing of England Needed Male heirNeeded Male heir Wanted a divorce, but not grantedWanted a divorce, but not granted Called Parliament into session and asked Called Parliament into session and asked

to end pope’s powerto end pope’s power Reformation Parliament gave him power to Reformation Parliament gave him power to

lead English Churchlead English Church

Henry VIII cont’dHenry VIII cont’d

Power hungryPower hungry Had 3 children succeed himHad 3 children succeed him

Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward Elizabeth I, Mary Queen of Scots and Edward VIVI

John CalvinJohn Calvin

Calvin went beyond LutherCalvin went beyond Luther Ideas/ Teachings known as CalvinismIdeas/ Teachings known as Calvinism TeachingsTeachings

God grants his grace to whomever he God grants his grace to whomever he chooses regardless of individual behaviorschooses regardless of individual behaviors God chooses very few to save- predestinationGod chooses very few to save- predestination

Men and women are sinful by natureMen and women are sinful by nature

Calvinism cont’dCalvinism cont’d

Believed ideal government was a Believed ideal government was a theocracytheocracy

Tried in Geneva and workedTried in Geneva and worked Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace Ideas spread- Protestant Churches trace

their roots back to himtheir roots back to him

AnabaptistsAnabaptists

Believed that only adults could decide to Believed that only adults could decide to be baptizedbe baptized

If done as a child, should do again as an If done as a child, should do again as an adultadult

Greek word for “baptize again”Greek word for “baptize again” Believed that Church and state should be Believed that Church and state should be

separateseparate

Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation

Millions remained loyal Millions remained loyal The movement within the Church to reform The movement within the Church to reform

itselfitself Great reformer- Ignatius of LoyolaGreat reformer- Ignatius of Loyola

Believed daily devotions cleansed soulBelieved daily devotions cleansed soul Wrote a book laying out daily meditation, Wrote a book laying out daily meditation,

prayer and studyprayer and study

Catholic Reformation cont’dCatholic Reformation cont’d

Reforming popesReforming popes Paul III in 1534 took important steps forwardPaul III in 1534 took important steps forward

Investigated abuses with ChurchInvestigated abuses with Church Council of Trent- organized great leaders to Council of Trent- organized great leaders to

discuss/ agree on doctrinesdiscuss/ agree on doctrines

The Council of Trent (1545-1563)The Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Reaffirms the Church’s Reaffirms the Church’s beliefs and doctrinesbeliefs and doctrines

Called for better trained Called for better trained priests (rise of priests (rise of seminaries)seminaries)

Reformed Church Reformed Church financial and financial and administrative policiesadministrative policies

Greatly supported by Greatly supported by Spain, France, and ItalySpain, France, and Italy

Divided EuropeDivided Europeinto two religious partsinto two religious parts

Protestant countriesProtestant countries EnglandEngland ScotlandScotland ScandinaviaScandinavia Northern GermanyNorthern Germany ““Low Countries”Low Countries”

Catholic countriesCatholic countries ItalyItaly FranceFrance SpainSpain PortugalPortugal IrelandIreland Southern GermanySouthern Germany

Legacy of the ReformationLegacy of the Reformation

Protestant Churches flourished, despite Protestant Churches flourished, despite religious wars and persecutionsreligious wars and persecutions

Religion no longer united in EuropeReligion no longer united in Europe Church’s power declinedChurch’s power declined Helped to set the stage for the modern Helped to set the stage for the modern

worldworld