REFORMATION and Counter-REFORMATION and Counter-ReformationReformation

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War England: Church of England (1532)England: Church of England (1532) Civil War (1642-51) Civil War (1642-51) Puritans, Levellers, Independents, Puritans, Levellers, Independents,

Diggers, Quakers, Shakers, Diggers, Quakers, Shakers, Presbyterians (Church of Scotland, John Presbyterians (Church of Scotland, John Knox, 1560), Methodists Knox, 1560), Methodists

Bible translationsBible translations

Luther 1534; Geneva Bible 1560 Luther 1534; Geneva Bible 1560 Vizsolyi Biblia (Károli Gáspár, publ. Vizsolyi Biblia (Károli Gáspár, publ.

1590)1590) John Wyclif(fe), 1384 (from Latin); John Wyclif(fe), 1384 (from Latin);

William Tyndale 1525-37 (from William Tyndale 1525-37 (from Hebrew and Greek) Hebrew and Greek)

Early 17th century: the King James Early 17th century: the King James Bible (the „Authorized Version”) Bible (the „Authorized Version”)

ProtestantismProtestantism

„„Any man who wishes to be saved must Any man who wishes to be saved must work out his beliefs for himself” (introd. work out his beliefs for himself” (introd. Epistle to Epistle to Christian DoctrineChristian Doctrine) )

a personally FELT religion a personally FELT religion less emphasis on anything that stands less emphasis on anything that stands

BETWEEN the indivudual and the word of BETWEEN the indivudual and the word of God: God:

„„God hath revealed the way of eternal God hath revealed the way of eternal salvation only to the individual faith of salvation only to the individual faith of every man” (Milton); „God’s word alone is every man” (Milton); „God’s word alone is the rule of faith” (Milton) the rule of faith” (Milton)

The idea of the Covenant The idea of the Covenant in Paradise Lost: the Spirit „doth in Paradise Lost: the Spirit „doth

prefer / Before all Temples th’upright prefer / Before all Temples th’upright heart and pure” (I. 17-8) heart and pure” (I. 17-8)

Ne mediators, no intercessionNe mediators, no intercession

conviction of our sinfulness conviction of our sinfulness William Whateley: man is a „filthy William Whateley: man is a „filthy

dunghill of all abominable vices”); dunghill of all abominable vices”); John Donne: „man was sour’d in the John Donne: „man was sour’d in the

whole lump, poysoned in the whole lump, poysoned in the fountain, perished at the chore, fountain, perished at the chore, withered in the root, in the fall of withered in the root, in the fall of Adam” (Adam” (SermonsSermons) )

Good works vs sola fideGood works vs sola fide To be ‘justified’ To be ‘justified’ Predestination Predestination

John Milton (1608-1674)John Milton (1608-1674)

MiltonMilton Renaissance poet (poetry: vocation) Renaissance poet (poetry: vocation) poeta doctuspoeta doctus Protestant sense of poetic missionProtestant sense of poetic mission tracts (in Latin and English) theology tracts (in Latin and English) theology

((De Doctrina ChristianaDe Doctrina Christiana), ), government, freedom of speech and government, freedom of speech and censorship (censorship (AreopagiticaAreopagitica, 1644), , 1644), divorce divorce

Defensio PrimaDefensio Prima (1650-5) (1650-5)

Munkácsy Mihály: A vak Milton műveit Munkácsy Mihály: A vak Milton műveit diktálja leányainak (1878)diktálja leányainak (1878)

Orlay Petrich Soma: A vak Milton Orlay Petrich Soma: A vak Milton (1862)(1862)

Gustave Doré’s illustrations: Gustave Doré’s illustrations: SatanSatan

Satan on his throneSatan on his throne

Satan’s journeySatan’s journey

SatanSatan

Satan, Adam Satan, Adam and Eveand Eve

Satan, Adam Satan, Adam and Eveand Eve

William Blake:William Blake:

Satan envious Satan envious of Adam and of Adam and EveEve

The Temptation The Temptation of Eve (Blake)of Eve (Blake)

William William Blake:Blake:

Creation of Creation of EveEve

Satan spying Satan spying on Adam on Adam and Eve and Eve (Blake)(Blake)

The Fall of The Fall of SatanSatan

(Doré)(Doré)

War in heaven (Doré)War in heaven (Doré)