regeneration mechanisms
DESCRIPTION
Regeneration Mechanisms. Mechanisms of Regeneration. Some species are capable of more than one Sexual Vegetative. Seed. All species have to have this capability May be uncommon Small seed Large seed When dissemination? How disseminated?. Stump Sprouts. Well established root system - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regeneration Mechanisms
![Page 2: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mechanisms of Regeneration
• Some species are capable of more than one
• Sexual
• Vegetative
![Page 3: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Seed• All species have to have this
capability• May be uncommon• Small seed• Large seed• When dissemination?• How disseminated?
![Page 4: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stump Sprouts• Well established root system• Large store of carbohydrates• Young and vigorous stronger than old• Most angiosperms
– bigleaf maple– red alder
![Page 6: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Root Suckers
• Can use root system for short period• Stored carbohydrates• Often soil temperature dependent• Some angiosperms
– aspen
![Page 11: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Layering
• Pieces of stem form adventitious roots and shoots
• Some angiosperms and some conifers– vine maple– black and balsam popular– red cedar
![Page 13: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
USDA Forest Service
![Page 14: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Underground stems
• Non-trees– Ferns
![Page 15: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula )
Steve Horsley, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
![Page 16: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Buried Seed• Some seed stays alive in the duff for
many years (or decades)
– cherry– Rubus (salmonberry)
![Page 17: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Advance Regeneration• Some species can remain alive in the
understory for long periods• May periodically die back to the root
collar• Must be quite shade tolerant• Angiosperms and conifers
– true firs– hemlock?– red cedar?– salal
![Page 18: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1915
![Page 20: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1930
![Page 21: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Relationship With Disturbances
• Competitive ability is directly impacted by disturbance
• This information can be used in silvicultural planning
![Page 25: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Intensity
• Less intense favors sprouting and advance regeneration
• Mid intensity favors layering, underground stems and perhaps buried seed
• Most intense favors seeding
![Page 26: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Frequency
• Long intervals favor advance regeneration and sometimes seed
• Short intervals favor sprouting
![Page 28: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Scale
• Seed may not be able to travel full distance of large scale disturbances
– “generation and a half”
![Page 29: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Examples• Wind – advance regeneration, perhaps
seed on windthrow mounds• Cool fire – sprouting• Hot fire – root suckering, seed, buried
seed• Avalanches – advance regeneration,
sprouting
![Page 30: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Examples• Light cutting – advance regeneration
• Heavy cutting – sprouting, seed of all types
• Machinery has effect
![Page 31: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Regeneration Mechanisms](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5681660e550346895dd94f25/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Site Prep
• Changes disturbance regime