Regents Review Live!

Living Environment Regents Review

Be Prepared on Exam Day!

• Bring to Test Site: – Identification (student id, drivers license,

etc.)– 2 Pens – 2 Pencils

• Get a Good Nights Sleep• Eat Breakfast!• Start Studying Now!• Be Confident in Yourself!

Living Environment Regents Format

• Part A : Multiple Choice Consists of approximately 30 multiple choice questions, that test

you on specific factual information.

• Part B 1 : Multiple ChoiceVarious questions that test your knowledge of experimental

data, analysis of scientific information and representations of

biological phenomena.

• Part B 2 : Free Response and Multiple ChoiceQuestions on interpretation of data and a graph is included here!

• Part C : Free ResponseMay be a one word response, one sentence or multiple sentences.

• Part D : Free Response and Multiple ChoiceVarious questions based on the 4 mandated state labs.

Review Ideas

• Review Books: available at bookstores, libraries or ask your teacher.

• Review Classes: Listen to your teacher for review sessions.

• Online Resources: Old L.E. Regents Examshttp://www.nysedregents.org/LivingEnvironment

• Take 3 Complete exams BEFORE Your

Test!

Read the Question

Carefully!

Which structures are listed in order from the

least complex to the most complex?

(1) plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bush

(2) chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bush

(3) chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bush

(4) rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast

• Read the whole question, think of your answer BEFORE you read the choices.

Multiple Choice

Key Terms & Phrases

Which reproductive pattern would be associated

with a species that is most likely to undergo

rapid evolutionary change?

(1) asexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle

(2) sexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle

(3) asexual reproduction with a long reproductive cycle

(4) sexual reproduction with a long reproductive cycle

• Underline the key terms and phrases of the question. •Remember take your Time!

Multiple Choice

Read ALL the Choices

Abiotic factors that affect the growth

of grass in a lawn include

(1) bacteria and soil

(2) earthworms and nutrients

(3) moisture and minerals

(4) fertilizer and decomposers

• Read the answer choices slowly and carefully. •Cross out the answers you know are wrong.

Multiple Choice

Brief Review: Ecology!

• Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors

• Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

• Food Chains and Food Webs

• Energy Pyramids

Practice Questions

Organisms that are able to manufacture organic nutrients from substances in the abiotic environment are classified as

(1) heterotrophs (3) predators

(2) fungi (4) autotrophs

More Practice

If the population of mice is reduced by disease, which change will most likely occur in the food web?1)The cricket population will increase. 2)The snake population will increase. 3)The grasses will decrease. 4)The deer population will decrease.

One More Question…

Which graph best represents the relative energy content of the levels of this pyramid?

1) 2)

3) 4)

Brief Review: Human Impact

• Humans have a had a NEGATIVE impact on the environment.

• Issues: Deforestation, Acid Rain, Loss of Biodiversity, Pollution, Global Warming, etc.

• How to Correct? Make Laws or Educate

Question Time

Which human activity would most

likely deplete finite resources?

(1) use of natural enemies to eliminate insect pests

(2) development of wildlife refuges

(3) governmental restriction of industrial pollution

(4) uncontrolled population growth

One possible reason for the rise

in the average air temperature at

Earth’s surface is that

(1) decomposers are being destroyed

(2) deforestation has increased the levels of oxygen in the atmosphere

(3) industrialization has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air

(4) growing crops is depleting the ozone shield

Brief Review: Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis • Occurs in body cells or

somatic cells. • Results in 2 genetically

identically daughter cells.

Meiosis • Occurs in sex cells or

gametes. • Results in 4 genetically

different daughter cells.• The daughter cells have ½ the

amount of genetic information

Practice Questions

The arrows in the diagram below illustrate processes in the life of a species

that reproduces sexually.

Which processes result directly in the formation of cells with half the amount

of genetic material that is characteristic of the species

1. processes 1 and 2       3. processes 3 and 4

2. processes 2 and 3       4. processes 4 and 5

More QuestionsThe chromosome content of a skin cell that is about to form two new skin cells is

represented in the diagram to the below.

Which diagram below best represents the chromosomes that would be found in the

two new skin cells produced as a result of this process?

1) 2)

3) 4)

One More Question

Sexual reproduction involves the processes listed below.

Processes

A. Differentiation

B. Fertilization

C. Gamete production

D. Mitosis

Which sequence represents the order in which these processes occur?

(1) A → B → C → D

(2) B → A → C → D

(3) C → B → D → A

(4) D → B → C → A

Brief Review: DNA

• Contains genetic information (heredity)

• Regulates the cell’s activities

• Located in the Nucleus• Double Helix Model:

A, T, C and G (4 bases)• Environment can

Influence the EXPRESSION of the Genes

Practice Questions

The instructions for the traits of an

organism are coded in the

arrangement of:

1) glucose units in carbohydrate molecules

2) bases in DNA in the nucleus

3)fat molecules in the cell membrane

4)energy-rich bonds in starch molecules

More Questions

A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth

is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an

example of

(1) an inherited disorder

(2) environmental influence on gene expression

(3) expression of a hidden trait

(4) a characteristic controlled by more than one

pair of genes

One More Question

The diagram shows a molecule of

DNA.  What occurs in the process

of replication?

1) Structure 1 is hydrolyzed.

2) Chemical bonds are broken in region 2.

3) Structure 3 is synthesized.

4) Proteins are formed in region 2.

Picture Time

Protein Synthesis

Brief Review: Protein Synthesis

• mRNA travels to the nucleus to transcribe the information in the DNA

• mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the RIBOSOME

• Translation begins at the start codon • tRNA brings the anticodon whose bases are

COMPLEMENTARY to the mRNA• Protein chain grows until the stop codon is

reached

Question Time 1) The diagram shows protein

synthesis that occurs within cells. The

process represented in the diagram

occurs on the cell organelle known as

a

1. vacuole       3. chloroplast

2. ribosome       4. mitochondrion

2) The diagram shows a joining of two

amino acids that occurs within cells.

The process represented in the

diagram is

1. lipid digestion       3. protein synthesis

2. cell respiration       4. protein hydrolysis

More Questions! Base your answer on the diagram

which represents a biochemical

process that occurs in a cell and your

knowledge of biology. A change in the

region labeled Y from U-C-G to U-G-C

would most likely cause

1) the synthesis of a different protein

2) polyploidy

3) the formation of recombinant DNA

4) crossing-over

Brief Review: Biotechnology

• Recombinant DNA

• Cloning

• DNA Electrophoresis

Question Time Which statement concerning Dolly

is correct?

1) Gametes from sheep A and sheep

B were united to produce Dolly.

2) The chromosome makeup of Dolly

is identical to that of sheep A.

3) Both Dolly and sheep C have

identical DNA.

4) Dolly contains genes from sheep B

and sheep C.

More Questions

A product of genetic engineeringTechnology is represented below.

Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown?

1. a specific carbohydrate 2. a specific enzyme 3. hormones 4. antibodies

The flounder is a species of fish that

can live in very cold water. The fish

produces an “antifreeze” protein that

prevents ice crystals from forming in

its blood. The DNA for this protein has

been identified. An enzyme is used to

cut and remove this section of flounder

DNA that is then spliced into the DNA

of a strawberry plant. As a result, the

plant can now produce a protein that

makes it more resistant to the

damaging effects of frost. This process

is known as

1) sorting of genes

2) genetic engineering

3) recombination of chromosomes

4) mutation by deletion of genetic material  

Tips & Tricks for Graphing!

• Identify the variables to be graphed- Independent Variable & Dependent Variable

• Determine the scale of the axes

- Determine each axis individually • Plot Data • Connect the Data Points• Provide a Title

Part C: Short Answer Response

• Read the question CAREFULLY & SLOWLY• Identify what the question is asking! • Pay attention to the bullets!• Answer the bulleted statements in your

response.• When finished with your answer proof it before

you move on!• Questions can be on various subjects: scientific

method, body systems, human impact, etc.

Question Time Plants respond to their environment in many

different ways. Design an experiment to test the

effects of one environmental factor, chosen from the

list below, on plant growth.

Acidity of precipitation

Temperature

Amount of water

In your answer, be sure to:

• identify the environmental factor you chose

• state one hypothesis the experiment would test [1]

• state how the control group would be treated differently from the experimental group [1]

• state two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control groups [1]

• identify the independent variable in the experiment [1]

• label the columns on the data table below for the collection of data in your experiment [1]

Environmental factor: ____________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

Data Table

Another Question!

Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on the information below

and on your knowledge of biology. Vaccines play an important role in the ability

of the body to resist certain diseases.

65) Describe the contents of a vaccine. [1]

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

66) Identify the system in the body that is most directly affected by a

vaccination.[1]

________________________________________

67) Explain how a vaccination results in the long-term ability of the body to

resist disease. [1]

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

One More for Practice!Humans have many interactions with

the environment. Briefly describe how

human activities can affect the

environment of organisms living 50

years from now. In your answer, be

sure to:

•identify one human activity that could release chemicals harmful to the environment [1]

• identify the chemical released by the activity [1]

• state one effect the release of this chemical would most likely have on future ecosystems [1]

• state one way in which humans can reduce the production of this chemical to lessen its effect on future ecosystems [1]

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part D: State Lab Questions

Beak of Finches State Lab • Key Terms: Variation, Natural Selection, Adaptations, Competition,

Struggle for Survival and Selecting Agent• Key Points:

- Species Evolve over Time.

- Some Characteristics/ Variations give individuals an advantage over others. Better adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce.

- Variation can be caused by mutations, genetic recombination

- Variation within a population increases the survival rate of the species when environmental changes occur.

Beaks of FinchesIdentify one bird that would most

likely compete for food with the

large tree finch. Support your

answer.________________________

__________________________________

Identify one trait, other than beak

characteristics, that would contribute to the

survival of a finch species and state

one way this trait contributes to

the success of this species.

_________________________________

_________________________________

Biodiversity Lab

• Key Terms: Biodiversity, Gel Electrophoresis, DNA, RNA, Amino Acids, Chromatography

• Key Points:

- Biodiversity Increases the Stability of Ecosystems

- Biodiversity has benefits to mankind: new medicine, food sources• Key Techniques:

- Chromatography

- Gel Electrophoresis

- Translating Amino Acids

Question Time Use the Genetic Code Chart to Fill in the Missing Parts

SpeciesA

DNARNAAminoAcid

CCGGGCGLY

TGCACGTHR

ATAUAUTYR

CAGGUCVAL

GTACAUHIS

SpeciesB

DNARNAAminoAcid

TGC____THR

TGC____THR

ATA_____TYR

CAG____VAL

GTA____HIS

SpeciesC

DNARNAAmino Acid

CCGGGC____

TGCACG____

ATAUAU_____

CAGGUC____

GTTCAA____

Species D

DNARNAAminoAcid

CCTGGAGLY

TGTACATHR

ATGUACTYR

CACGUGVAL

GTCCAGGLN

According to these amino acid sequences, why are species C and D the most closely related?

____________________________________

DNA Electrophoresis

2) This laboratory technique is known

as

(1) gel electrophoresis

(2) DNA replication

(3) protein synthesis

(4) genetic recombination

3) State one specific way the results

of this laboratory technique could be

used. [1]

______________________________

1) This technique used to analyze DNA directly results in(1)synthesizing large fragments of DNA(2) separating DNA fragments on the basis ofsize(3) producing genetically engineered DNAMolecules(4) removing the larger DNA fragments from thesamples

• Key Terms: Diffusion, Osmosis, Selectively Permeable, Cell Membrane

• Key Points Part 1:

- Molecules tend to move from areas of high concentration to low. (Diffusion)

- Membranes allow certain materials to pass through (Selectively Permeable)

- Indicators are used to show the presence of certain materials

Diffusion Through a Membrane

Diffusion Through a Membrane

• Key Points Part 2:

- You observed basic parts of an onion cell

- Osmosis is the term used to describe the diffusion of water molecules

Diffusion Through a Membrane

• When salt water is added, the cytoplasm and cell membrane shrivels and becomes darker in color inside the cell wall. This is due to the water leaving the cell.

• When distilled water is added, the cytoplasm and cell membrane swell back up to fill the entire space. Also, the cytoplasm lightens in color. This is due to water entering the cell.

Question Time

A model of a cell is prepared and placed in

A beaker of fluid as shown in the

diagram below. The letters A, B, and C

represent substances in the initial

experimental setup

.

The table below summarizes the content and appearance of the cell model and beaker after 20

minutes.

Name of Substance C

Direction of Movement for Substance C

Reason for Movement of Substance C

Supply the information needed to complete thetable below which summarizes a change inlocation of substance C in the experimental

setup

More Questions

Base your answer to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of

biology. The diagram illustrates what happens when a particular solution is added to a

wet-mount slide containing red onion cells being observed using a compound light

microscope.

Identify a process that caused the change in the cells.

______________________________________________________________________

Making Connections

• Key Vocabulary: Observation, Pulse Rate, Muscle Fatigue, Controlled Experiment

• Key Points:

- Part A: Finding the Pulse Rate & Creating a Histogram of Class Results.

- Part A2: How does Fatigue Affect Muscle Performance?

- Part B: Investigating Claims & Designing an Experiment

Practice Questions

The data table below compares blood flow in various human body structures, both at rest

and during strenuous exercise.

Structure Blood Flow at Rest

mL/min

Blood Flow During Strenuous

Exercise mL/min

Heart 250 750

Skeletal Muscle 1200 12,500

Digestive Organs 1400 600

Select one structure from the data table and write its name in the spacebelow. Explain one way that the change in the rate of blood flow in this structure helps maintain homeostasis during exercise.Structure ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

More Questions

Students were asked to determine if they could squeeze a clothespin more

times in a minute after resting than after exercising. An experiment that

accurately tests this question should include all of the following except

(1) a hypothesis on which to base the design of the experiment

(2) a large number of students

(3) two sets of clothespins, one that is easy to open and one that is more

difficult to open

(4) a control group and an experimental group with equal numbers of students

of approximately the same age

More Practice!

Which statement best describes a change that usually takes place in

the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise?

(1) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.

(2) Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate.

(3) The rate of digestion increases.

(4) No hormones are produced.

Remember……

• Be Prepared!

• Take Your Time!

• Read the Questions Carefully!

• Be Confident!