Regional Association II (Asia)

Sixth Regional Conference on Management of National Meteorological and

Hydrological Services in Regional Association II (Asia)

Doha, Qatar 2–4 December 2014

WMO-No. 1106

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION II (ASIA)

SIXTH REGIONAL CONFERENCE

ON MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL METEOROLOGIAL AND

HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION II

(ASIA)

DOHA, QATAR, 2–4 DECEMBER 2014

FINAL REPORT

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

1

SIXTH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL METEOROLOGIAL AND

HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION II (ASIA)1 (DOHA, QATAR, 2–4 DECEMBER 2014)

Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for

Disaster Risk Management and Aviation Safety

1. OPENING SESSION 1.1 At the kind invitation of the Government of Qatar, the sixth regional conference on management of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Regional Association II (Asia) was held in Doha, Qatar, from 2 to 4 December 2014, with the theme of “multi-hazard early warning system for disaster risk management and aviation safety.” The Conference was attended by 54 participants including Directors and senior officials of NMHSs representing 24 Members in the Region, and one invited keynote speaker. 1.2 The opening address was given by H.E. Mr Abdul Aziz Mohammad Al-Noaimi, Chairman of Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of the Government of Qatar. He welcomed the participants and extended the warmest greetings. Recalling that the aeronautical meteorology as of today is entering into an era of rapid and fundamental changes in response to the fast growth of aviation transport, H.E. Mr Abdul Aziz Mohammad Al-Noaimi emphasized that we should enhance aviation safety and reduce aircraft accidents in every part of the world. The opening statement was given by Mr Robert O. Masters, Director of Development and Regional Activities, WMO. He expressed his appreciation to H.E. Mr Abdul Aziz Mohammad Al-Noaimi, Chairman of CAA and Mr Ahmed Abdulla Mohammed, president of RA II and Director-General of CAA and Permanent Representative of Qatar with WMO and the staff of CAA for their efforts for the organization of the Conference. Mr Ahmed Abdulla Mohammed, president of RA II welcomed the participants to the Conference and expressed his appreciation to H.E. Mr Abdul Aziz Mohammad Al-Noaimi, Chairman of CAA, the Local Organizing Committee and the WMO Secretariat for their efforts for the organization of the Conference. He pointed out that this regional conference with a special focus on “multi-hazard early warning system for disaster risk management and aviation safety” will provide a platform to identify the regional and sub-regional challenges. A keynote presentation was given by Mr Ian Lisk, vice-president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) on the aviation meteorology — building blocks for the future and challenges for the MET services. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE CONFERENCE

2.1 The purpose of the Conference was to help NMHSs discuss issues and challenges and identify future priorities with a special focus on multi-hazard early warning system for disaster risk management and the aviation safety through the aeronautical meteorological services enhancements in conjunction with upgrading of service delivery capability.

2.2 The specific objectives of the Conference were to identify issues and challenges, and future priorities in Region II during the next intersessional period for the contributions to the WMO Strategic Operation Plan (SOP) 2016–2019.

2.3 In order to achieve the above specific objectives, the programme was organized in the following areas:

1 The presentation materials and relevant documents of the Conference are available at the WMO web

site: http://raII-reco6.wmo.int/

2

(a) Session 1: Institutional Challenges in Multi-Hazard Early Warning;

(b) Session 2: Challenges in Disaster Risk Management and Aviation Safety;

(c) Session 3: Partnership and Regional Cooperation for Capacity Development in Disaster Risk Management;

(d) Session 4: Implementation of WMO Priority Programmes; and (e) Session 5: Regional Challenges and Priorities.

2.4 Presentations were delivered by participants representing Members and the WMO Secretariat. All presentations, as submitted by authors, are published in full on the WMO web site: http://raii-reco6.wmo.int/, and individual presentations can also be accessed through the Conference program in Annex I. 3. INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES IN MULTI-HAZARD EARLY WARNING

3.1 Presentations were made by the WMO Secretariat and the representatives from the NMHSs with different capacities and economic sizes, particularly focusing on the needs and challenges from the perspectives of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and developing countries. They shared challenges and issues that the NMHSs are facing at national, regional and global levels. 4. CHALLENGES IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT AND AVIATION SAFETY

4.1 Presentations were made by the representatives from NMHSs, particularly focusing on the recent advancement in the technical development of the disaster risk management system. They shared technical challenges in disaster risk management and aviation safety that the NMHSs are facing at national, regional and global levels. 5. PARTNERSHIP AND REGIONAL COOPERATION FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

5.1 Presentations were made by the WMO Secretariat and representatives of regional projects, presenting recent development and progress related to the WMO programmes and projects in Region II, focusing on their contribution to the RA II Strategic Operating Plan (RA II SOP). The regional cooperation and partnership programmes carried out by the advanced Members, inter-regional cooperation between NMHSs in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) regions, and national and regional cooperation programmes with financial partners were also presented. Participants discussed practical and proactive ways to improve the opportunities for the advancement of the NMHSs in the Region through partnership and regional cooperation. 6. IMPLEMENTATION OF WMO PRIORITY PROGRAMMES

6.1 Progress of the implementation of WMO priority programmes and projects including aviation meteorological services, hydrological services, WMO Integrated Global Observing System/WMO Information System (WIGOS/WIS), climate services, Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), disaster risk reduction, and other priority issues in the Region were presented by the WMO Secretariat and representatives of NMHSs, Chairpersons and Co-coordinators of RA II Working Groups/Expert Groups. Emerging issues and challenges in implementing WMO priorities were discussed. Four speakers from the WMO Secretariat participated in this session through the videoconference. The videoconferencing facilities connecting Geneva and Doha were effectively used for the presentations and interactive discussions on the WMO priority programmes.

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7. REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES

7.1 The draft WMO SOP 2016–2019 was presented by the Secretariat as given in Annex II. Participants discussed and identified individual or sub-regional Members’ needs and related priorities for 2016–2019 for the contribution to the WMO SOP 2016–2019. 7.2 Following extensive sub-regional and plenary discussions and deliberations based on the outcomes of the survey as given in Annex III, the Conference came to the conclusions and recommendations to the RA II Management Group (MG) regarding the most urgent challenges and future priorities for the NMHSs in RA II for the contribution to the WMO SOP 2016–2019. The participated Members and the sub-regions of RA II are given in Annex IV, and the recommendations on the challenges and future priorities are given in Annex V.

7.3 Those challenges and future priorities identified by the regional survey, but not selected as the most urgent challenges and priorities are given in Annex VI, and additional comments submitted by some sub-regions in Annex VII. 8. CLOSURE OF THE CONFERENCE 8.1 Mr Arif Mohamood Rana, vice-president of RA II, expressed his thanks and appreciation to the Government of Qatar and Mr Ahmed Abdulla Mohammed, president of RA II for the warm hospitality. He also extended his gratitude to the WMO Secretariat and local staff for their excellent arrangements made for the Conference. 8.2 The Conference closed at 1500 hours on 4 December. The list of participants is attached as Annex VIII to this report.

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ANNEX I

SIXTH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL METEOROLOGIAL AND

HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION II

(ASIA)

(DOHA, QATAR, 2–4 DECEMBER 2014)

Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Disaster Risk Management and Aviation Safety

PROGRAMME2

DAY 1: 2 DECEMBER 2014 (TUESDAY) 09:00-09:30 Registration (30’) 09:30-10:20 Opening Ceremony (50’) (MC: Qatar)

Opening Statement – Abdul Aziz Mohammad Al-NOAIMI, Chairman of Civil Aviation Authority of the Government of Qatar (10’) Opening Address – Robert MASTERS, Director of Development and Regional Activities, WMO (10’) Welcoming Remarks – Ahmed Abdulla MOHAMMED, president of RA II (10’) Keynote Presentation – Ian LISK, Vice President of CAeM (20’)

“Aviation Meteorology - Building Blocks for the Future and Challenges for the MET Services” 10:20-10:50 Group Photo & Refreshment (30’) 10:50-11:10 Summary report on RA II Survey (Lap-Shun LEE, Hong Kong, China) (20’)

11:10-12:30 Session 1: Institutional Challenges in Multi-Hazard Early Warning

System (80’) (Facilitator: Ahmed Abdulla MOHAMMED; Rapporteur: Heng ZHOU)

1.1: Capacity Development of Human Resources for better Meteorological Services (Jeff WILSON, WMO) (20’) 1.2: Challenges Faced in the Improvement of Services of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) Regarding Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for DRM and Aviation Safety (Mahnaz KHAN,

Bangladesh) (15’) 1.3: Institutional Challenges of NMHSs in LDCs

(Singthong PATHOUMMADY, Lao PDR) (15’) 1.4: Institutional Challenges in Multi-Hazard Early Warning System in

Sri Lanka (Don Joseph Ajith WEERAWARDENA, Sri Lanka) (15’)

Discussion (15’) 12:30-14:00 Lunch (90’) 14:00-15:30 Session 1: Continued (90’) (Facilitator: Arif Mahmood RANA;

Rapporteur: Singthong PATHOUMMADY)

2 To view the presentation or abstract, click the title or , respectively.

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1.5: Meteorological & Hydrological Services for Multi-Hazard Early Warning

System in PMD (Hazrat MIR, Pakistan) (15’) 1.6: Towards Multi-Hazard Early Warning System and its Challenges in

Nepal (Saraju Kumar BAIDYA, Nepal) (15’) 1.7: Strengthening Capacity of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System in

Myanmar (Khin SHEIN, Myanmar) (15’) 1.8: Enhancement of the Early Warning Dissemination to the Remote Area

(Prawit JAMPANYA, Thailand) (15’) 1.9: Early Warning System for Climate Change Related Health Risks

(Sergey MYAGKOV, Uzbekistan) (15’) 1.10: Afghanistan (Kabul) Thunderstorm and Precipitation on 04th-march-

2002 to 31th-July-2010 (Nabila FORMALI, Afghanistan) (15’) 15:30-15:50 Coffee Break (20’) 15:50-18:00 Session 2: Challenges in Disaster Risk Management and Aviation Safety

(130’) (Facilitator: Laxman Singh RATHORE; Rapporteur: Saraju Kumar BAIDYA)

2.1: Evolving Multi-Hazard Early Warning System and Partnerships in

Japan (Toshihiko HASHIDA, Japan) (15’) 2.2: Challenges and Way forward in PWS (Muhammad HANIF, Pakistan) (15’) 2.3: Introduction of CMA’s Activities in Severe Weather Forecasting

Demonstration Project - Regional Subproject for Southeast Asia (SWFDP-SeA) and Disaster Reduction (Dongyan MAO, China) (15’)

2.4: The Status of Global Data Processing and Forecasting System in RA II

(Yuki HONDA, Japan) (15’) 2.5: Hydro-Meteorological Challenges of RA II, A Case Study of 2014

Floods (Muhammad RIAZ, Pakistan) (15’) 2.6: Regional Responses to Immediate and Future Challenges in Aeronautical Meteorological Services (Boon-Leung CHOY,

Hong Kong, China) (15’) 2.7: RA II Implementation of Enhanced Aeronautical Meteorological

Services - Toward seamless ATM and phenomenon-based information

- (Masashi KUNITSUGU, Japan) (15’) Discussion (25’)

18:00-19:00 Drafting Committee (Chair: Ahmed Abdulla MOHAMMED) (60’) 19:00-21:00 Reception (120’)

DAY 2: 3 DECEMBER 2014 (WEDNESDAY) 09:00-10:40 Session 3: Partnership and Regional Cooperation for Capacity

Development in Disaster Risk Management (100’) (Facilitator: Arif Mahmood RANA, Rapporteur: Sergey MYAGKOV)

3.1: Overview on the WMO Capacity Development Strategy (Robert MASTERS, WMO) (10’)

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3.2: CMA’s Regional Cooperation and Partnership in Asia (Heng ZHOU,

China) (15’) 3.3: Activities toward Further Enhancement of Meteorological Services in

RA II (Yoshiaki HIRANO, Japan) (15’) 3.4: Building Regional Partnership to Support NMHSs of Developing

Nations (Hongsang JUNG, Republic of Korea) (15’) 3.5: Regional Capacity Development Initiatives in Disaster Risk & Management (Shiv Dev ATTRI, India) (15’) 3.6: Regional Cooperation between the CIS NMHSs towards Increased

Aviation Safety and Disaster Mitigation (Marina PETROVA, Russian

Federation) (15’) 3.7: Brief summary on Partnership Cooperation in ASEAN

(Singthong PATHOUMMADY, Lao PDR) (15’)

10:40-11:00 Coffee Break (20’) 11:00-12:30 Session 3: Continued (90’) (Facilitator: Hazrat MIR, Rapporteur: Prawit JAMPANYA)

3.8: Sub-regional Cooperation (GCC) (Hussain AL-SARRAF, Kuwait)(15’) 3.9: DCPC-Marine Center Development in Qatar (Abdulla Al MANNAI,

Qatar) (15’) 3.10: Development and Future Progress of Regional and Local Programmes

and Cooperations (Alaa BUALI, Bahrain) (15') 3.11: Modernization, Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of

DHM (Saraju Kumar BAIDYA, Nepal) (15’) 3.12: Modernization of Kyrgyz Hydromet and Cooperation with WMO

(Gulmira KOCHERBAEVA, Kyrgyzstan) (15’) 3.13: Cooperation and Partnership in Disaster Risk Management

(Erdenebat ELDEVOCHIR, Mongolia) (15’)

12:30-14:00 Lunch (90’) 14:00-15:50 Session 4: Implementation of WMO Priority Programmes (110’)

(Facilitator: Juma AL-MASKARI; Rapporteur: Hongsang JUNG)

4.1: GFCS: Summary Report on the Outcomes of 2nd session of the Intergovernmental Board on Climate Services (IBCS-2) (Laxman Singh RATHORE, India) (15’)** 4.2: WIGOS in Support of Disaster Risk Management and Aviation Safety

(Igor ZAHUMENSKY, WMO) (15’)** 4.3: WIS: An “All Hazards” Warning Network (David THOMAS, WMO)

(15’)* 4.4: WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Activities (Abdoulaye HAROU, WMO) (30’)*

4.5: Relevance of the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme and the World Weather Research Programme to the Members in RA II

(Oksana TARASOVA, WMO) (15’)* 4.6: Overview on the Partnership and WMO Voluntary Cooperation

Programmes in RA II (Mary POWER, WMO) (10’)*

Discussion (10’)* * Presentation from Geneva via Video Conferencing ** Presentation from Doha via Video Conferencing

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15:50-16:10 Coffee Break (20’)

16:10-17:10 Session 4: Continued (60’) 4.7: Implementation of Climate Services in RA II (Ryuji YAMADA, WMO)

(15’) 4.8: WIGOS Implementation Status in RA II (Jaegwang WON, Republic of Korea) (15’)

4.9: WIS Implementation Status in RA II (Kenji TSUNODA, Japan) (15’) Discussion (15’) 17:10-18:30 Side meeting – Sub-regional discussion (80’) DAY 3: 4 DECEMBER 2014 (THURSDAY) 09:00-12:30 Session 5: Regional Challenges and Priorities (Facilitator: Laxman Singh

RATHORE; Rapporteur: Yuki HONDA) (210’) 5.1: Sub-Regional Discussion on the Regional Challenges and Priorities

(60’) 5.2: WMO Strategic Plan 2016 - 2019 (Robert MASTERS, WMO) (20’) 5.3: Plenary Discussion on the Regional Challenges and Priorities (130’) 12:30-14:00 Lunch (90’)

Drafting Committee (Chair: Laxman Singh RATHORE) (90’)

14:00-15:00 Session 5: Continued (60’) 5.4: Recommendations (60’) 15:00 Closure of RA II RECO-6

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ANNEX II

INTRODUCTION TO THE WMO SOP 2016-2019

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10

11

12

i

ANNEX III

Survey Report

Institutional Arrangements, Challenges and

Priorities in Regional Association II (Asia)

World Meteorological Organization

December 2014

ii

iii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ vii

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Composition of RA II ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 Organization of Survey Questionnaire .................................................................. 3

2 Institutional Arrangements .......................................................................................... 4

2.1 Title and Parent Organization ................................................................................ 4

2.2 Functional Scope .................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Legislative Arrangements ...................................................................................... 9

2.4 Other Regulatory Frameworks ............................................................................. 11

3 Management and Organization ................................................................................. 14

3.1 Human Resources ................................................................................................ 14

3.2 Budgetary Provision in Year 2013-2014 ............................................................. 17

3.3 Scope of Services ................................................................................................. 19

3.4 Business Model .................................................................................................... 21

3.5 NMHS Quality Management Programme ........................................................... 21

3.6 Development/Strategic Plan for Next 3- 5 Years ................................................ 22

4 Operations and Services ............................................................................................. 24

4.1 Types of Service Provisions ................................................................................ 24

4.2 Current Level of Service Provisions .................................................................... 25

4.3 Adequacy of Monitoring Infrastructure ............................................................... 26

4.4 Forecasting Capacity and Early Warning System ............................................... 27

5 Challenges and Priorities for RA II .......................................................................... 29

5.1 Challenges ............................................................................................................ 29

5.2 Future Priorities ................................................................................................... 31

6 Suggestions for the RA II Activities .......................................................................... 34

6.1 Participation in Subsidiary Bodies ....................................................................... 34

6.2 Supports from Members and Secretariat ............................................................. 36

iv

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Regional Members by Sub-region and WMO accession date ................................... 2

Table 2.1: Formal title of NMHSs in local languages and English ............................................ 4

Table 2.2: Parent organization and legal status of NMHS.......................................................... 5

Table 2.3: Institutions responsible for hydrological services ..................................................... 7

Table 2.4: Primary legislation that determines the functions of NMHS ................................... 10

Table 2.5: Additional regulatory frameworks of NMHSs ........................................................ 12

Table 3.1: Education and average age of staffing ..................................................................... 16

Table 3.2: Budget of NMHS for recent fiscal year ................................................................... 17

Table 3.3: Budget Sources of NMHS for recent fiscal year ..................................................... 18

Table 3.4: Funding Sources of NMHS Budget ......................................................................... 19

Table 3.5: Scope of services provided by NMHS..................................................................... 19

Table 3.6: Priority areas of Development/Strategic Plan .......................................................... 23

Table 4.1: Type of services provisions ..................................................................................... 24

Table 4.2: Areas of equipment and infrastructure inadequacy ................................................. 27

Table 5.1: Challenges at different levels................................................................................... 30

Table 5.2: Weighted priority areas ............................................................................................ 31

Table 6.1: Number of respondents by outcome and level of usefulness .................................. 36

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List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Sub-regional group of Members ............................................................................... 1

Figure 2.1: NMHS responsible for hydrological services .......................................................... 7

Figure 2.2: Provision of aeronautical meteorological services ................................................... 9

Figure 2.3: Legal instrument for meteorology .......................................................................... 10

Figure 3.1a: Number of staff in NMHSs with <1000 staff ....................................................... 14

Figure 3.1b: Number of staff in NMHSs with >1000 staff ....................................................... 15

Figure 3.2: Trends of staff numbers in recent 3-5 years ........................................................... 17

Figure 3.3: Business model of NMHSs .................................................................................... 21

Figure 3.4: QMS implementation status ................................................................................... 22

Figure 4.1: Current level of service provisions ......................................................................... 25

Figure 4.2: Level of research capabilities and development areas ........................................... 26

Figure 4.3: Inadequacy of equipment and infrastructure .......................................................... 26

Figure 4.4: Forecasting capacity of NMHSs............................................................................. 28

Figure 5.1: Challenges of NMHSs ............................................................................................ 29

Figure 5.2: Challenges of NMHSs by sub-region ..................................................................... 31

Figure 6.1: Support to subsidiary bodies .................................................................................. 34

Figure 6.2: Reason for not supporting subsidiary bodies ......................................................... 35

Figure 6.3: Useful activities of subsidiary bodies ..................................................................... 35

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Executive Summary

The Members of WMO Regional Association II (RA II) have been surveyed in order to gather

information on the institutional arrangements for the national provision of

hydrometeorological services and to identify the most important challenges and priorities of

Members and of the Regional Association as a whole. The survey was prepared by the RA II

Task Team on Strategic and Operating Planning (TT-SOP) which reports to the RA II

Management Group with the assistance of WMO Secretariat. The data obtained from the

survey will help the RA II Management Group and WMO Secretariat prepare baseline

information and background material, including the identification of regional priorities, in

order to inform and support evidence-based strategic planning discussions at the forthcoming

sixth session of Regional Conference, which is scheduled to be held from 2 to 4 December

2014.

The Survey was conducted on-line using the SurveyMonkey platform during the period from

July to October 2014. Thirty three responses out of possible 35 Members were received.

Institutional Arrangements

All National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in RA II are the

government entities, work under a variety of different parent organizations, including

ministry, council of ministers and state council, with different degrees of autonomy. Four fifth

of Members are functioning under one or more legislative acts or orders of decree; and one

fifth of Members are functioning without legal meteorological authorities or on an ad hoc

basis.

Management and Organization

Most NMHSs in RA II are government or state-owned agencies operating within national

government policies and frameworks with, in most cases, little scope for commercial

activities. All NMHSs have development/strategic plans in place covering the next 3-5 years.

Enhancing the monitoring infrastructure, improving operational forecast and warning services,

strengthened IT capability and enhanced climate services (implementation of the GFCS); and

training, education and capacity building of staff are the most commonly identified priorities

of these plans.

Operations and Services

NMHSs in RA II deliver a broad range of services across many sectors: public weather

forecasts and warning services are provided by all Members; climate, agro-meteorological and

aviation services are provided by most of the Members; marine services and hydrological

services are also commonly provided by the Members; and only a small number of NMHSs

provided air/water quality and earthquake/seismological services, tailored services to specific

users, tsunami and volcano services. Since this survey only focused on hydrological services

viii

provided by NMHSs, it might not represent the overall status of hydrometeorological services

at the national level.

The primary challenges in delivering the above services are insufficiency of staffing resources

and shortcomings in the underpinning climate services and Numerical Weather Prediction

(NWP) modeling.

Challenges and Priorities

The challenges in the Region identified by the survey include lack of qualified personnel,

NWP modeling capacity, and the adequacy of climate services and early warning services for

disaster risk reduction (DRR), and improved visibility towards the decision makers.

Serious Moderate to Serious

Adequacy of qualified personnel in some

areas

Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity

Budget - anticipated cuts

Adequacy of climate services

Improved visibility towards the decision

makers

Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR

Moderate Slight

Anticipated staff cuts

Data policies

Relationship with private sector

Introduction/maintenance of QMS

Adequacy of telecommunication facilities

and capacity

Adequacy of the existing observing

systems

The survey identified six regional priority areas for continued attention:

1. Implementation WIGOS - WIS including GISC

2. Capacity development

3. Strengthening of Climate Services including GFCS

4. Enhancement of Services – PWS, hydrology and Aviation

5. Disaster Risk Reduction/Early Warning System (DRR/EWS)

6. Improvement of Quality Management System (QMS)

Suggestions for RA II Activities

Financial and staffing constraints are one of the main challenges that limit the ability of many

Members to participate in regional activities and working bodies. Language problem do exist

in some Member countries.

Members look to support from other Members in the form of joint/twinning projects, capacity

building, technical support on QMS and developing and/or strengthening regulation and SOP,

and infrastructure support. Members also look to the WMO Secretariat for coordination

support for participation in regional events, and sharing information on regional activities and

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facilitating support in coordination of Voluntary Contribution Programme (VCP) mobilization

for Least Developed Countries (LDCs).

1

1 Introduction

The Members of WMO Regional Association II (Asia) have been surveyed in order to gather

information on the institutional arrangements for the national provision of hydro-

meteorological services and to identify the most important challenges and priorities of

Members and of the Regional Association II (RA II) as a whole. The survey was prepared by

the RA II Task Team on Strategic and Operating Planning (TT-SOP) which reports to the RA

II Management Group with the assistance of WMO Secretariat. The data obtained from the

survey will help the RA II Management Group and WMO Secretariat prepare baseline

information and background material, including the identification of regional priorities, in

order to inform and support evidence-based strategic planning discussions at the forthcoming

sixth session of Regional Conference in RA II.

The survey was conducted on-line using the SurveyMonkey platform during the period from

July to October 2014. Thirty three responses out of possible 35 Members were received3.

Analysis result presented in this report was based on the responses obtained in this survey.

1.1 Composition of RA II

RA II is composed of 35 Member countries and territories in Asia. Based on geographic

location, the Members of RA II can be assigned to five sub-regions: Central Asia (6

Members), East Asia (7 Members), South-East (SE) Asia (5 Members), South Asia (8

Members), and West Asia (9 Members). According to the WMO Membership record, Bhutan

is the most recent Member country in RA II to take WMO membership. Details are given in

Figure 1.1 and Table 1.1.

Figure 1.1: Sub-regional group of Members

3The following Members responded to the Survey: Afghanistan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; DPR

Korea; Hong Kong, China; India; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Japan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Kyrgyz Republic;

Lao PDR; Macao, China; Maldives; Mongolia; Myanmar; Nepal; Oman; Pakistan; Qatar; Republic of Korea;

Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; Sri Lanka; Tajikistan; Thailand; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Viet

Nam; and Yemen

Central

Asia, 6

East

Asia, 7

South-

East

Asia, 5

South

Asia, 8

West

Asia, 9

2

Table 1.1: Regional Members by Sub-region and WMO accession date

Sub-region Member WMO Accession Date

(Source: WMO, 2014)

Central Asia

Kazakhstan 5-May-1993

Kyrgyz Republic 20-Jul-1994

Russian Federation 2-Apr-1948

Tajikistan 10-Aug-1993

Turkmenistan 4-Dec-1992

Uzbekistan 23-Dec-1992

East Asia

China ***

Democratic People's Republic of Korea 27-May-1975

Hong Kong, China 14-Dec-1948

Japan 11-Aug-1953

Macao, China 24-Jan-1996

Mongolia 4-Apr-1963

Republic of Korea 15-Feb-1956

South-East Asia

Cambodia 8-Nov-1955

Lao People's Democratic Republic 1-Jun-1955

Myanmar 19-Aug-1949

Thailand 11-Jul-1949

Viet Nam 8-Jul-1975

South Asia

Afghanistan 11-Sep-1956

Bangladesh 24-Aug-1973

Bhutan 11-Feb-2003

India 27-Apr-1949

Maldives 1-Jun-1978

Nepal 12-Aug-1966

Pakistan 11-Apr-1950

Sri Lanka 23-May-1951

West Asia

Bahrain 21-Apr-1980

Iran, Islamic Republic of 30-Sep-1959

Iraq 21-Feb-1950

Kuwait 1-Dec-1962

Oman 3-Jan-1975

Qatar 4-Apr-1975

Saudi Arabia 26-Feb-1959

United Arab Emirates 17-Dec-1986

Yemen 8-July-1971

*** for China: The following statement is given at the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China:

“On 11 October 1947, the representative of the Chinese Government signed the Convention of the World Meteorological

Organization. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, her rightful seat in WMO was usurped by the Chiang

Kai-shek clique, whose `ratification' of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization on 2 March 1951 was

illegal and null and void. The rightful seat of the People's Republic of China was restored to her on 25 February 1972.”

3

1.2 Organization of Survey Questionnaire

The Survey questionnaire was designed to collect information from RA II Members under

five broad headings: 1) Institutional Arrangements; 2) Management and Organization; 3)

Operations and Services; 4) Challenges and Priorities and 5) Suggestions for the RA II

Activities. For ease and consistency of response, the majority of questions were ‘closed’, with

respondents choosing from one or more defined answers. However, in instances where more

subjective or narrative information was required, the questions were left ‘open’. The Survey

structure and questions were strongly based on a similar survey conducted by Regional

Association V (South-West Pacific) and Regional Association VI (Europe) to allow for some

comparisons between regional associations.

The Survey questionnaire is available at WMO, RAP website:

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/rap.php

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2 Institutional Arrangements

The institutional set-up of NMHSs is governed by legislative frameworks, mandates and

scope. The enactment of legislation and government priorities define the functional

responsibilities of the NMHS and its position within the Government. The purpose of this

section is to present basic information about the NMHSs of RA II Members, including the

position of the NMHS within Government, as well as the role and mandate of the NMHS in

the provision of services.

2.1 Title and Parent Organization

In RA II, NMHSs operate under various titles and functional definitions, as described in Table

2.1 below.

Table 2.1: Formal title of NMHSs in local languages and English

Sub-

region Member Title of NMHSs in local languages and English

Central

Asia

Kazakhstan Қазақстан гидрометқызметінің

National Hydrometeorological Service

Kyrgyz Republic Agency on hydrometeorology

Russian

Federation

Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring

(Roshydromet)

Tajikistan ГосударственноеУчреждениепогидрометеорологииРеспубликиТаджикистан

State Administration for Hydrometeorology of the Republic of Tajikistan

Uzbekistan Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan

(Uzhydromet)

East

Asia

China 中国气象局

China Meteorological Administration

DPR Korea 기상수문국

State Hydrometeorological Administration(SHMA)

Hong Kong,

China 香港天文台

Hong Kong Observatory

Japan 気象庁

Japan Meteorological Agency

Macao, China Direcção dos ServiçosMeteorológicos e Geofísicos (SMG)

Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG)

Mongolia National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring of Mongolia

Republic of

Korea 기상청

Korea Meteorological Administration

South-

East

Asia

Cambodia Department of Meteorology

Lao PDR ກົມອຸຕຸນິ ຍົມແລະອຸທົກກະສາດ

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH), Lao PDR

Myanmar Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

Thailand กรมอุตุนิยมวทิยา Thai Meteorological Department

Viet Nam TrungtâmKhítượngThủyvănquốcgia

National Hydro-Meteorological Service of Viet Nam

5

Sub-

region Member Title of NMHSs in local languages and English

South

Asia

Afghanistan Afghanistan Meteorological Authority (AMA)

Bangladesh Bangladesh Meteorological Department

India भारतमौसमविज्ञानविभाग

India Meteorological Department

Maldives Maldives Meteorological Service

Nepal जलतथामौसमबिज्ञानविभाग

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

Pakistan MahkmaMosmiat

Pakistan Meteorological Department

Sri Lanka KaalagunaVidyaDeparthamenthuva.

Department of Meteorology

West

Asia

Bahrain Bahrain Meteorological Services

Iran سازمان هواشناسی جمهوری اسالمی ایران

Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)

Iraq الهيئة العامة لألنواء الجویة و الرصد الزلزالي

Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology

Kuwait إدارةاألرصادالجویة

Meteorological Department

Oman المدیریةالعامةلألرصادالجویة

Director General of Meteorology

Qatar Qatar Meteorology Department

Saudi Arabia الرئاسة العامة لألرصاد وحمایة البيئة

Presidency of Meteorology and Environment

UAE المركز الوطني لألرصاد الجویة والزالزل

National Center of Meteorology and Seismology

Yemen قطاع االرصاد الجویه -الهيئهالعامه للطيران المدني واالرصاد

Civil Aviation&Meteorology Authority

Table 2.2 presents the parent organization and its legal status under which NMHS is currently

operating. It is revealed from survey that almost all NMHSs in RA II are functioning as

government entities with legal status of either specialized government department or state

enterprise/agency. NMHSs in RA II are running under different ministries whilst in

Uzbekistan and Saudi Arabia under council of ministers and in China under state council.

Table 2.2: Parent organization and legal status of NMHS

Sub-region Member Title of the Parent Organization Legal Status of the

NMHS

Central Asia

Kazakhstan Ministry of Energy of the Republic of

Kazakhstan State owned

Enterprise Kyrgyz Republic Ministry of emergency situations of the

Kyrgyz Republic Agency

Russian Federation Ministry Of Natural Resources National Federal

Service Tajikistan Committee on Environmental

Protection under the Government of the

Republic of Tajikistan

State owned

enterprise

6

Sub-region Member Title of the Parent Organization Legal Status of the

NMHS Uzbekistan Cabinet of Ministers State owned

enterprise

East Asia

China State Council Agency

DPR Korea State Hydrometeorological

Administration Ministry

Hong Kong, China Commerce and Economic

Development Bureau Department

Japan Ministry Agency

Macao, China Secretaria para os Transportes e Obras

Públicas Department

Mongolia National Agency for Meteorology and

Environment Monitoring of Mongolia Agency

Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment Administration

South-East

Asia

Cambodia Ministry of Water Resources and

Meteorology Department

Lao PDR Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment Department

Myanmar Ministry of Transport Department

Thailand Ministry of Information and

Communication Technology Department

Viet Nam Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment Agency

South Asia

Afghanistan Ministry of Transport and Civil

Aviation Authority

Bangladesh Ministry of Defense Department

India Ministry of Earth Sciences Department

Maldives Ministry of Environment and Energy Department

Nepal Ministry of Science, Technology and

Environment Department

Pakistan Aviation Division Department

Sri Lanka Ministry of Disaster Management Department

West Asia

Bahrain Ministry of Transportation State owned

enterprise Iran Ministry of Roads &Urban

Development State owned

organization Iraq Ministry of Transportation State owned

enterprise Kuwait - Department

Oman Public Authority for Civil Aviation Department

Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Department

Saudi Arabia Council of Ministers Presidency

UAE Ministry of Presidential affairs State Owned

Enterprise Yemen Ministry of transportation Sector (State Owned

Enterprise)

7

2.2 Functional Scope

NMHSs possess a range of functions and often provide services across a number of areas in

addition to meteorology, including hydrology, oceanography and seismology. Responsibility

for operational hydrology lies with agencies other than the NMHS in 17 of the 33 Members

that responded to the Survey, and NMHSs in 16 Members having responsibility for

operational hydrology. Figure 2.1 presents the sub-regional distribution of operational

hydrological responsibility. All five Members of Central Asia are responsible for operational

hydrological services whilst all nine Members of West Asia are not.

Figure 2.1: NMHS responsible for hydrological services

Institutional arrangements for the provision of hydrological services are summarized in Table

2.3. Thailand and Pakistan share a responsibility of operational hydrological services among

other government agencies or bureau, and Bahrain does not have any agency responsible for

operational hydrology.

Table 2.3: Institutions responsible for hydrological services

Sub-region Member Organization Responsible for Hydrology

Central Asia

Kazakhstan Ministry of environment and water resources

Kyrgyz Republic Agency on hydrometeorology

Russian Federation Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental

Monitoring (Roshydromet)

Tajikistan State Administration for Hydrometeorology

Uzbekistan Centre of Hydrometeorological Service

East Asia

China Ministry of Water Resources

DPR Korea State Hydrometeorological Administration(SHMA)

Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Observatory

Japan Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

5

3

4 4 4

1

3

9

0

2

4

6

8

10

Central Asia East Asia SE Asia South Asia West Asia

Yes No

8

Sub-region Member Organization Responsible for Hydrology

Macao, China Marine and Water Bureau

Mongolia National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring

of Mongolia

Republic of Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

South-East

Asia

Cambodia Department of Hydrology and River Works

Lao PDR Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH), Lao PDR

Myanmar Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

Thailand Thailand has some of governmental agencies responsible on

operational hydrology, water resources management and assessment

activities, i.e. Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), Royal

Irrigation Department (RID), Department of Water resources (DWR),

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), etc.

Hydrological Adviser to PR of Thailand is from the Thai

Meteorological Department

Viet Nam National Hydro-Meteorological Service of Viet Nam

South Asia

Afghanistan Afghanistan Meteorological Authority (AMA)

Bangladesh Bangladesh Water Development Board

India Central Water Commission

Maldives Maldives Meteorological Service

Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

Pakistan Hydrological Adviser is designated from Federal Flood Commission

(FFC)

Sri Lanka Department of Irrigation

West Asia

Bahrain does not exist

Iran Ministry of energy in water affair

Iraq Ministry of water resources

Kuwait Ministry of Electricity & Water

Oman Ministry of Regional Municipalities & Water Resources

Qatar Shared among other Ministries

Saudi Arabia Saudi Geological Survey SGS

UAE -

Yemen National Water Resource Authority (NWRA)

With respect to aeronautical meteorological services, the survey sought information on each

NMHS’s role as the Meteorological Authority and Meteorological Service Provider and their

compliance with ICAO Annex 3 protocols.

Twenty nine respondents identified the NMHS as both the Meteorological Authority and the

Service Provider for aviation sector. Two respondents (Kazakhstan and China) identified the

NMHS as not the Meteorological Authority but partially involved in the Met Services for

aviation. One respondent (Tajikistan) identified the NMHS as Met service provider for

aviation but not Meteorological Authority, and one respondent from South-East Asia (Viet

Nam) identified the NMHS services as neither meteorological authority nor service provider

for aviation sector (see Figure 2.2).

9

Figure 2.2: Provision of aeronautical meteorological services

2.3 Legislative Arrangements

Legal instruments for the establishment and function of the NMHS exist in 27 Members. The

type of legislative instruments varies, and includes Acts of Parliament, laws, statutory

instruments and decrees. Twelve Members operate under a Government Act, and fifteen under

a decree (see Figure 2.3). Seven Members operate without either. Two Members (Lao PDR

and Yemen) reported that specific legislation relevant to the NMHS is under formulation and

expected to be enacted by government soon. Where legislation does not exist, the need for

assistance in developing such legislation should be assessed. The majority of existing

legislation focuses on the meteorological and hydrological duties and responsibilities of the

NMHS.

3

6

4

7

9

1 1 1 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

Central Asia East Asia SE Asia South Asia West Asia

the Service is the Meteorological

Authority (as per ICAO Annex 3)

and also the met service provider

for aviation

the Service is not the

Meteorological Authority (as per

ICAO Annex 3) but partially

involved in the met service

provision for aviation

the Service is not the

Meteorological Authority (as per

ICAO Annex 3) but it is the met

service provider for aviation

the Service is neither the

Meteorological Authority (as per

ICAO Annex 3) nor the met

service provider for aviation

10

Figure 2.3: Legal instrument for meteorology

Specific details about each Member’s legislative arrangements are described in Table 2.4. Six

NMHSs are working under direct meteorological Acts/Laws, five under hydrometeorology,

four under royal or minister’s decrees, two under civil aviation Acts, two under disaster

management Acts. Two NMHSs (Nepal and Yemen) do not operate under such legislative

instruments and three respondents (Hong Kong, China; Cambodia and India) did not mention

any. The existing primary legislative Act that determines the function of NMHS services in

RA II Member countries and territories is given in Table 2.4 below.

Table 2.4: Primary legislation that determines the functions of NMHS

Sub-region Member Primary Legislative Act

Central Asia

Kazakhstan RSE Kazhydromet according st.145-2 the Environmental Code of

Kazakhstan performs the functions of the National

Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kyrgyz

Republic -

Russian

Federation RF Government Resolution of 23 July 2004 № 372

Tajikistan Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on «Hydrometeorological

activities». № 86, 02/12/2002. Uzbekistan "On improvement hydrometeorological service of RUz" No. 183

from 14.04.2004

East Asia

China Meteorological Law

DPR Korea The State Meteorological Law

Hong Kong,

China -

Japan Meteorological Service Act

Macao, China Aprova a lei orgânica da Direcção dos ServiçosMeteorológicos e

Geofísicos. Mongolia Law on Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring

Republic of

Korea Weather Act

3

5 4

12

2 1

3

5 4

15

1 2 2

1

6

0

3

6

9

12

15

Central Asia East Asia SE Asia South Asia West Asia RA II

Law Decree None

11

Sub-region Member Primary Legislative Act

South-East

Asia

Cambodia -

Lao PDR Minister's Resolutions and Mandates of DMH

Myanmar Government Civil Service Regulation, National Disaster

Management standing Order, Government Rules and Regulations Thailand 2009 Ministry Regulations

Viet Nam Prime Minister

South Asia

Afghanistan Afghanistan Civil Aviation Law

Bangladesh Disaster Management Act, 2012.

India -

Maldives Act No.3/68 (11 Nov 1968)

Nepal -

Pakistan National Disaster Management Act

Sri Lanka Gazette

West Asia

Bahrain Civil Aviation Law

Iran -

Iraq Act No. 7 for 1994- Ministry of transportation

Kuwait Ministerial Decree

Oman Royal Decree No.43/2013 dated 16 September 2013

Qatar EMIRI Decree No 47 of 2009

Saudi Arabia Royal Decrees

UAE -

Yemen -

2.4 Other Regulatory Frameworks

In addition to primary acts and legal frameworks for meteorology, many Members have other

regulatory frameworks or mutual agreements/arrangements with users for meteorological and

other services. The most common such frameworks are: a) government decrees and orders

other than meteorology b) Service level agreements with national civil aviation

administrations; c) Letters of Agreement (LoA) or Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with

disaster response agencies; and d) MoU with other Members for data sharing, etc.

Each Member has its own regulatory framework for services delivery. Some have several

stakeholder agreements and some have none. The details of some of the more important

existing regulatory frameworks are given in Table 2.5.

12

Table 2.5: Additional regulatory frameworks of NMHSs

Sub-region Member Regulatory framework

Central Asia

Kazakhstan № 524 Decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 26th April

2012 on Approval of the Regulations on the stationary

observation stations and others

Kyrgyz Republic MoU with Finish Meteorological Institute

Russian Federation - Tajikistan decrees and orders of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan,

decrees and orders of the Government of the Republic of

Tajikistan, normative legal acts of the Committee for

Environmental Protection under the Government of the Republic

of Tajikistan,

other regulatory and legal acts, including : Convention of the

World meteorological Organization, 1992

Uzbekistan -

East Asia

China Regulations on Protection of Meteorological Facilities and

Observation Environment

DPR Korea - Hong Kong, China Designated meteorological authority under ICAO

Contingency Plan for Natural Disasters

Japan - Macao, China - Mongolia Agency functions under the Ministry of Environment and Green

Development.

Republic of Korea -

South-East

Asia

Cambodia - Lao PDR MoU with Dept. of Civil Aviation and

LoA with National Airport Authority on the service providing

for aviation

Myanmar The rules and regulations of the Government, Ministry of

Transport,

National Disaster Management Standing Order,

WMO's Guideline, etc.

Thailand - Viet Nam Decision promulgating functions, responsibilities and structure

of NHMS Viet Nam;

Law on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control;

Decision promulgating Regulation and Broadcasting Tropical

Depression, Typhoon and Flood Information

South Asia

Afghanistan Agromet Project

Bangladesh The organization responsible for disaster management is DDM

(Directorate of Disaster Management). No LoA or MoU is

needed with DDM.

LoA with Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh.

MoUs with Norwegian Meteorological Institute, ADPC at

RIMES at Thailand, CPP (cyclone preparedness programme).

India Allocation of Business, Government of India

Maldives Civil Service Employment Act and mandated by the government

Nepal Cabinet decision published in the national gadget

Pakistan National Disaster Management Act defines the role of the

NMHS for early warnings and PMD as the nodal agency for

early warning of hydrometeorological hazards.

Sri Lanka -

13

Sub-region Member Regulatory framework

West Asia

Bahrain Agreement with protection agency

Iran MOUs with environmental protection organization for warning

information.

MOUs with national risk &hazard management for warning

information.

MOUs with aviation sector for providing aviation products.

MOUs with national TV to present Weather forecast to public.

MOUs with national entities such as marine transportation and

road transportation to provide tailored forecasts.

Iraq - Kuwait Ministries, other National Sectors Regional GCCC, Arab

League WMO, ICAO

Oman Agreement with Directorate General of Air Navigation

Qatar - Saudi Arabia - UAE - Yemen -

14

3 Management and Organization

This section summarizes the status of management and organizational capacities of RA II

NMHSs in terms of human and financial resources, scope of services, and business model.

3.1 Human Resources

There is a vast range in the staffing level of NMHSs in RA II, from 45(Cambodia) to 54,426

(China). The total number of NMHS’s employees in 33 responded Members of RA II is

114,258, with China contributing almost half this number. Staffing levels, including gender

composition (36% women), are illustrated in Figures 3.1a and 3.1b (Note that gender

information for Russian Federation, Japan, Kyrgyz Republic and Saudi Arabia are not

available).

Figure 3.1a: Number of staff in NMHSs with <1000 staff

937

780

759

513

487

338

308

249

239

232

194

185

153

150

147

110

102

74

62

54

45

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Thailand

Tajikistan

Myanmar

Iraq

Kyrgyz Republic

Sri-Lanka

Hong Kong, China

Oman

Nepal

Yemen

Qatar

UAE

DPR Korea

Kuwait

Afghanistan

Macao, China

Maldives

Lao PDR

Mongolia

Bahrain

Cambodia

Female Male Total

15

Figure 3.1b: Number of staff in NMHSs with >1000 staff

The level of qualifications and work experience of staff and their strength in number indicate

the overall capacity of the institution. The Survey reveals that overall in RA II; over 62% of

NMHS staff members possess education qualifications at the university degree level or

higher. China and Republic of Korea have more than 80% staff members with university

degrees, whilst Maldives has less than 10% staff members holding a university degree.

The average age of the staff of RA II NMHSs varies between 30 and 45 years old, with an

average value of 39.10. The level of educational qualifications and average age of NMHS

staff in RA II are shown in Table 3.1.

25000

5991

5,289

3363

3214

2550

2550

1737

1450

1320

1250

0 10000 20000

China

Russia

India

Japan

Kazakhstan

Viet Nam

Pakistan

Iran

Uzbekistan

Saudi Arabia

Republic of Korea

BangladeshFemale Male Total

54426

25000

16

Table 3.1: Education and average age of staffing

Sub-region Member Total staff Staff with higher

degree (#, %)

Average age of

Staff (year)

Central Asia

Kazakhstan 3363 1155 (34%) 40

Kyrgyz Republic 487 154 (32%) 45

Russian Federation 25000 12000 (48%) 45

Tajikistan 780 468 (60%) 37

Uzbekistan 1737 352 (20%) 35

East Asia

China 54426 47489 (87%) -

DPR Korea 153 95 (62%) 45

Hong Kong, China 308 177 (57%) 44.4

Japan 5,289

- -

Macao, China 110 35 (32%) 40

Mongolia 62 12 (19%) 40

Republic of Korea 1320 1057 (80%) 42.7

South-East

Asia

Cambodia 45 13 (29%) 37

Lao PDR 74 26 (35%) 35

Myanmar 759 504 (66%) -

Thailand 937 555 (59%) 42

Viet Nam 3214 1732 (54%) 38.61

South Asia

Afghanistan 147 20 (14%) 40

Bangladesh 1250 350 (28%) -

India 5991 2921 (49%) 45

Maldives 102 6 (6%) 30

Nepal 239 35 (15%) 35

Pakistan 2550 1000 (39%) 42

Sri Lanka 338 48 (14%) 40

West Asia

Bahrain 54 16 (30%) 37

Iran 2550 1530 (60%) 40

Iraq 513 217 (42%) 45

Kuwait 150 48 (32%) 35

Oman 249 86 (35%) 30

Qatar 194 110 (57%) 35

Saudi Arabia 1450 600 (41%) -

UAE 185 112 (61%) 40

Yemen 232 48 (21%) 35

17

The trend of staffing in NMHSs in RA II during recent 3-5 years was reported to be more or

less stable to expanding, with 14 Members reporting no significant change, whilst another 12

Members report an increase in numbers and six Members (Japan, India, Maldives, Bahrain,

Iran and Kuwait) reporting a decrease. The breakdown of staffing trends by sub-region is

illustrated in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Trends of staff numbers in recent 3-5 years

3.2 Budgetary Provision in Year 2013-2014

The total annual budgets of NMHSs across RA II vary considerably, with reported budgets

ranging between USD 607 million in Japan and USD 0.3 million in Afghanistan. Qatar

reported there is no specific limitation in budget for NMHS. The budget of individual

Member NMHS in their most recent fiscal years, in US dollars, is summarized in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Budget of NMHS for recent fiscal year

Sub-region Member Budget 2013-14 (US dollars)

Central Asia

Kazakhstan 48,463,723.82

Kyrgyz Republic 1,213,300.18

Russian Federation -

Tajikistan 792,079.21

Uzbekistan 15,609,437.16

East Asia

China -

DPR Korea -

Hong Kong, China 33,479,268.61

Japan 607,008,875.47

Macao, China 4,375,546.94

Mongolia 10,928,961.75

Republic of Korea 317,685,446.44

1 2 2

3 4

12

4 4 3

2 1

14

- 1

-

2 3

6

-

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Central

Asia

East Asia SE Asia South

Asia

West Asia RA II

steadily increasing

no significant year-

to-year change

steadily decreasing

18

Sub-region Member Budget 2013-14 (US dollars)

South-East Asia

Cambodia 10,037,855.36 Lao PDR 530,502.99 Myanmar 2,242,914.98 Thailand 32,726,150.05 Viet Nam 36,047,497.88

South Asia

Afghanistan 300,000.00 Bangladesh - India 81,261,173.41 Maldives 1,522,776.93 Nepal 2,060,793.41 Pakistan - Sri Lanka 2,077,742.85

West Asia

Bahrain 3,183,023.87 Iran 18,500,000.00 Iraq 7,692,307.69 Kuwait 7,067,137.81 Oman - Qatar No specific limitations

Saudi Arabia - UAE - Yemen 1,761,122.20

National Government is the main source of budget for NMHSs in RA II (see table 3.3). Three

Members (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Viet Nam) also receive budget under commercial

arrangements. Similarly, four Members (DPR Korea, Republic of Korea, Uzbekistan and Iran)

reported that there is a provision of cost-recovery in aviation services.

Only Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan reported the small amount of budget 7.4% and 1-3%

coming from non-government sources respectively. Nepal reported that they have running

World Bank managed Pilot Project for Climate Resilience (PPCR) (about US$ 25 million for

5 years). Once the project is phased out regular budget will be reduced significantly.

Table 3.3: Budget Sources of NMHS for recent fiscal year

Budget Sources

Sub-region RA II (33)

Central

Asia

(5)

East

Asia

(7)

SE

Asia

(5)

South

Asia

(7)

West

Asia

(9)

Government 5 7 5 7 9 33

Commercial activities 2 - 1 - - 3

Cost recovery 1 2 - - 4 4

19

In addition to regular government budget, many NMHSs received additional budget extra

fund in the form of project funded by international agencies, national agencies and research

projects (see table 3.4). Survey revealed that 15 Members received projects fund from

international agencies whereas 10 Members received projects fund from national agencies.

Eleven Members reported that they have research projects. Funding from international

agencies is relatively higher in central, South-East and South Asia. Four out of five Central

Asia said they have currently research projects fund.

Table 3.4: Funding Sources of NMHS Budget

Budget Fund Sources

Sub-region RA II (33)

Central

Asia

(5)

East

Asia

(7)

SE

Asia

(5)

South

Asia

(7)

West

Asia

(9)

Projects funded by international

agencies 4 1 4 5 1 15

Research projects 4 2 1 2 2 11

Projects funded by national

agencies 2 2 2 2 2 10

3.3 Scope of Services

Meteorology, including observations, data processing and forecasting and warning services is

the common operational responsibility of NMHSs in RA II. All but one respondent (Oman)

also reported the provision of climate services as an operational responsibility too. Table 3.5

summarizes the range of operational services provided by each NMHS in RA II. Some

Members specified the specific services e.g. radiological monitoring by Hong Kong, China;

Volcanology by Japan; agro-meteorology by Myanmar, Thailand, and India; and glaciology

and Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) by Nepal.

Table 3.5: Scope of services provided by NMHS

RA II Members Meteoro-

logy

Hydro-

logy Climate

Air/Wate

r quality

Tsuna-

mi

DRR/

DRM

Seismo-

logy

Oceano-

graphy Others

Central Asia

Kazakhstan X X X X

Kyrgyz Republic X X X X

Russian

Federation

X X X X X X X

Tajikistan X X X X X emergency situations

Uzbekistan X X X X X

20

RA II Members Meteoro-

logy

Hydro-

logy Climate

Air/Wate

r quality

Tsuna-

mi

DRR/

DRM

Seismo-

logy

Oceano-

graphy Others

East Asia

China X

X X

X

DPR Korea X X X X X

X

Hong Kong,

China X X X

X X X X

Radiological

monitoring and

assessment

Japan X

X

X

X X Volcanology

Macao, China X

X X X

X

Mongolia X X X X

Republic of

Korea X X X

X X X X

South-East Asia

Cambodia X

X

X

Lao PDR X X X

X

Myanmar X X X

X

X

Agro- meteorology

Thailand X X X

X

X X Agro meteorology

Viet Nam X X X X

X

South Asia

Afghanistan X X X X

X

Bangladesh X

X

X

X

India X X X X X X X X Agro-meteorology&

Aviation

Maldives X X X

X

X

Nepal X X X X

X

Glaciology, GLOF

mitigation,

Pakistan X X X X X X X X

Sri Lanka X

X

X

West Asia

Bahrain X

X

X

Iran X

X

X

X

Iraq X X X

X

Kuwait X

X

Oman X

X

Qatar X

X

X

Saudi Arabia X

X X

X

UAE X

X X X X X

Yemen X

X

X

21

3.4 Business Model

The Survey examined the business model under which each NMHS operates. Most NMHSs in

RA II are Government/State owned enterprises providing public weather services without

commercial activities. Four RA II Members (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam and Oman)

reported that their NMHSs also engage in commercial activities (see Figure 3.3). Only one

Member UAE reported that it is operated under private company modality.

Figure 3.3: Business model of NMHSs

3.5 NMHS Quality Management Programme

The context for this Survey question was implementation of ICAO Annex 3 – Meteorological

Service for International Air Navigation and the mandatory need for Quality Management

Systems (QMSs) from 15 November 2012 in all contracting States.

The majority of Members responded that their NMHS has some kind of Quality Management

programme. Twelve Members (Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, China, DPR

Korea, Republic of Korea, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar) have

implemented QMS across their whole NMHS, including for aviation, whilst thirteen

(Uzbekistan; Hong Kong, China; Japan; Macao, China; Myanmar; Thailand; Bangladesh;

India; Nepal; Pakistan; Iran and Saudi Arabia) have implemented QMS for aviation services

and seven Members (Kazakhstan, Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Oman and

Yemen) reported an absence of QMS frameworks. One Member UAE remained silent in this

question. Sub-region wise QMS implementation status in RA II is shown in figure 3.4.

3

7

4

7 7

28

2 1 1

4

1 1

-

10

20

30

Central

Asia

East Asia SE Asia South

Asia

West Asia RA II

Govt. or state owned

without commercial

activities

Govt. agency with

commercial activities

Private company

22

Figure 3.4: QMS implementation status

3.6 Development/Strategic Plan for Next 3- 5 Years

The Survey examined the extent to which RA II Members had strategic plans or national

development in place that identify the priorities of the NMHSs over the next few years. All

Members reported having such plans in place.

The most frequently cited strategic priority areas identified in these plans were enhancing the

monitoring infrastructure, and improving operational forecast and warning services, which

were reported by 31 Members and closely followed by strengthened IT capability with 29

responses, and enhanced climate services (implementation of the GFCS); and training,

education and capacity building of staff with 28 responses each. However, the top three

priorities of West Asia are improved IT, enhanced climate services; and training, education

and capacity building. Table 3.6 provides a summary of the responses, ordered according to

the most commonly reported priority areas with sub-region disaggregation.

3 3

1 1

4

12

1

4

2

4

2

13

1

2 2 2

7

-

5

10

15

Central

Asia

East Asia SE Asia South Asia West Asia RA II

QMS

implemented for

the whole NMHS

QMS

implemented for

aviation branch

none

23

Table 3.6: Priority areas of Development/Strategic Plan

Priority Area Sub-region

RA II Central

Asia East

Asia SE

Asia South

Asia West

Asia

Enhancing the monitoring infrastructure 5 7 5 7 7 31

Improving operational forecasts including the

warning products 5 7 5 7 7 31

Improved IT (including better use of web services

and social media) 4 6 5 6 8 29

Enhanced climate services (implementation of the

GFCS) 2 6 5 7 8 28

Training, education and capacity building of staff 4 5 4 7 8 28

Automation of the observing networks 5 5 5 6 6 27

Implementation of WIS 4 6 4 6 5 25

Research & development 3 6 3 7 6 25

Extending services to new user sectors 3 6 4 6 5 24

Improving the management and institutional

arrangements 4 5 5 4 3 21

Implementation of WIGOS 3 6 1 4 4 18

Development and implementation of new

commercial services/products 2 3 2 3 4 14

24

4 Operations and Services

This section provides a summary of the scope of services delivered by Member NMHSs and

the areas in need of attention in terms of coverage, timeliness and meeting the needs of users.

4.1 Types of Service Provisions

Table 4.1 summarizes the different types of services provided by RA II NMHSs. Public

weather forecasts and warning services are provided by all and most also provide climate,

agro-meteorological and aviation services. Marine services and hydrological services are also

commonly provided by the Members. It is found that only a small numbers of NMHSs

provided air/water quality services, earthquake/seismological services, tailored services to

specific users, tsunami and volcano services.

Table 4.1: Type of services provisions

Type of Services

Sub-region

RA II Central

Asia

East

Asia

SE

Asia

South

Asia

West

Asia

Public Weather Services (PWS) 5 7 5 7 9 33

Warning services 5 7 5 7 9 33

Climate services 4 7 5 7 7 30

Agro-meteorological services 5 6 5 7 5 28

Aviation services 2 6 4 7 9 28

Marine Services 1 4 4 5 8 22

Hydrological services 5 3 5 5 2 20

Air/water quality 5 3 1 2 3 14

Earthquake/Seismological Services - 4 3 4 3 14

Tailored services to specific economic

sectors 3 3 2 3 2 13

Tsunami Services 1 4 2 5 1 13

Volcano Services - 3 - - 1 4

25

4.2 Current Level of Service Provisions

An assessment of the current adequacy of service provision was provided by respondents and

is summarized in Figure 4.1. The majority of respondents rated their NMHS service level as

satisfactorily meeting most requirements. Public weather, warnings, and aviation services,

were most consistently rated as meeting most or exceeding requirements. Climate,

earthquake/volcano, hydrological services, as well as tsunami and marine services were also

rated as satisfactory or better by a majority of Members who provide these services. Tailored

services to specific economic sectors and agro-meteorological services were identified by

many respondents as only partly meeting requirements and were perhaps the service most in

need of development. Air/Water quality service is not applicable to as many as one third of

the Members in RA II.

Figure 4.1: Current level of service provisions

Respondents were also asked to rate the adequacy of national research capability to support

service delivery. Research in support of early warning systems, marine and aviation services

were seen as the advance level that meets or exceed users’ requirement, although in all

instances, there were significant numbers of Members who rated the underpinning research as

being satisfactory or only partly satisfactory. Similarly, considerable numbers of Members

also rated the research capabilities as poor not meeting stated requirement by government or

users. Details are given in Figure 4.2 below.

-

3

-

4

3

1

2

5

1

-

3

2

6

2

6

3

8

2

11

7

8

9

8

3

9

7

7

8

15

7

16

18

15

5

3

4

6

2

2

8

3

9

7

4

8

9

10

4

12

9

2

5

2

- 10 20 30 40

Earthquake and/or Volcano Services

Tailored Services to specific

economic sectors

Tsunami Services

Marine Services

Air/Water quality

Hydrological Services

Aviation Services

Agro-meteorological Services

Public Weather Services

Warning Services

Climate Services

poor (not meeting

stated requirements by

the government or

users)

partly satisfactory

(meeting some of the

requirements)

satisfactory (meeting

most of the

requirements)

advanced (exceeding

the requirements and

utilizing innovative

services)

N/A

26

Figure 4.2: Level of research capabilities and development areas

4.3 Adequacy of Monitoring Infrastructure

Members were asked to rate the inadequacy of monitoring infrastructure (observations and

IT). Most commonly reported concerns related to upper air observations, automation of the

observing networks and weather radar observations. Concerns about the IT and

telecommunication (national) facilities, and surface observation were also widely reported.

These results are summarized in Figure 4.3 below.

Figure 4.3: Inadequacy of equipment and infrastructure

8

5

6

2

6

4

4

3

9

8

11

9

10

12

10

7

7

13

3

6

3

3

6

7

3

2

2

11

2

0 10 20 30 40

Marine Meteorology

Aviation Meteorology

Climate Extreme

Hydrological Services

Climate Change

Early Warning Services poor (not meeting stated

requirements by the

government or users)

partly satisfactory (meeting

some of the requirements)

satisfactory (meeting most of

the requirements)

advanced (exceeding the

requirements and utilizing

innovative services)

N/A

12

12

13

14

14

15

16

16

17

18

19

- 5 10 15 20

Surface observations (Ocean)

Telecommunication facilities (international)

Data management systems

Hydrological observations

Agro-meteorological observations

Surface observations (Land)

Telecommunication facilities (national)

IT (web site, etc.)

Weather radar observations

Automation of the observing networks

Upper-air observations

27

These results by sub-region are presented in Table 4.2. The most common concerns shared by

South-East, South and West Asian Members is upper-air observations. Automation of the

observing networks and weather radar observation are common concerned of Central, South-

East and South Asian Members. Similarly, a national telecommunication facility is major

concerned among the Central, East and South-East Asian Members.

Table 4.2: Areas of equipment and infrastructure inadequacy

Areas of Inadequacy

Sub-Region

RA II Central

Asia

East

Asia

SE

Asia

South

Asia

West

Asia

Upper-air observations 3 2 4 5 5 19

Automation of the observing

networks 3 3 4 5 3 18

Weather radar observations 4 3 4 4 2 17

IT (web site, etc.) 4 3 4 3 2 16

Telecommunication facilities

(national) 4 3 3 3 3 16

Surface observations (Land) 4 2 4 3 2 15

Agro-meteorological observations 3 1 3 4 3 14

Hydrological observations 3 1 3 3 4 14

Data management systems 3 1 4 3 2 13

Surface observations (Ocean) - 2 3 3 4 12

Telecommunication facilities

(international) 4 2 3 1 2 12

4.4 Forecasting Capacity and Early Warning System

The Survey concluded its section on operations and services with an assessment of the

adequacy of staffing levels to deliver 24 hr-7days operational services and also whether the

NMHS has early warning systems in place. A significant number of Members (7 from 33

respondents) reported that they did not have sufficient staff to maintain around-the-clock

operations.

On the other hand, all but seven respondents (Kazakhstan, DPR Korea, Mongolia,

Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq and Yemen) reported that they had early warning systems

implemented. These two aspects of NMHS capability are summarized in Figure 4.4.

28

Figure 4.4: Forecasting capacity of NMHSs

4 5 5 6 6

26

1 2 1 3

7

0

10

20

30

Central

Asia

East Asia SE Asia South

Asia

West Asia RA II

a) Implementation of EWS

Yes No

4 6

3 4

9

26

1 1 2 3

7

0

10

20

30

Central

Asia

East Asia SE Asia South

Asia

West Asia RA II

b) Staff sufficiency for forecasting services

Yes No

29

5 Challenges and Priorities for RA II

This section examines the major NMHS challenges and gaps that Members identified and the

priority actions for the next 3-5 years.

5.1 Challenges

Members were asked to identify the most pressing challenges from a list of 12 predefined

categories by rating the extent of the challenge on a 5-point scale (1 = no challenge; 2 = slight

challenge; 3 = moderate challenge; 4 = moderate/serious challenge; 5 = serious challenge).

The scores were then tallied and averaged to produce a list that illustrates the most significant

challenges facing NMHSs in order of significance (see Figure 5.1 below).

The most significant/widespread challenges identified were: adequacy of qualified personnel,

adequacy of climate services, and NWP modeling capacity. Other challenges such as

improved visibility and adequacy of EWS services for DRR, relationship with private sector,

introduction and maintenance of QMS, anticipated budget and staff cuts, data policies, and

adequacy of the existing observing system were also rated relatively higher than average value

of 2.500. Only adequacy of telecommunication facilities and capacity is rated as below

average value of 2.500.

Figure 5.1: Challenges of NMHSs

2.424

2.545

2.606

2.742

2.806

2.818

2.879

2.909

2.970

3.030

3.121

3.303

2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Adequacy of telecommunication facilities and…

Adequacy of the existing observing systems

Data policies

Staff - anticipated cuts

Budget - anticipated cuts

Introduction/maintenance of QMS

Relationship with private sector

Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR

Improved visibility towards the decision makers

Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity

Adequacy of climate services

Adequacy of qualified personnel in some areas

Average

30

An alternative analysis was also undertaken that identified the three most commonly

identified challenges under each of the four categories slight, moderate, moderate/serious and

serious. These are summarized in Table 5.1 below.

Table 5.1: Challenges at different levels

Serious Moderate to Serious

Adequacy of qualified personnel in some

areas

Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity

Budget - anticipated cuts

Adequacy of climate services

Improved visibility towards the decision

makers

Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR

Moderate Slight

Anticipated staff cuts

Data policies

Relationship with private sector

Introduction/maintenance of QMS

Adequacy of telecommunication facilities

and capacity

Adequacy of the existing observing

systems

Apart from these challenges, continuous skill development and retention of qualified

personnel, increasing operational cost, and potential competition from overseas commercial

service providers are some of other challenges in some of RA II Members for long term

sustainability.

Figure 5.2 illustrates challenges of NMHSs by sub-region. The order of listed challenges

varies significantly among the sub-regions in RA II. Top challenges are: anticipated budget in

Central Asia; adequacy of climate services and relationship with private sectors in East Asia;

adequacy of qualified personnel and improved visibility towards the decision makers in

South-East Asia; adequacy of qualified personnel and introduction/maintenance of QMS in

South Asia; and adequacy of climate services and adequacy of qualified personnel in West

Asia. It is found that the adequacy of qualified personnel is one of the serious challenges in all

sub-regions, and the challenges are relatively less serious in East Asia as indicated by lower

average values.

31

Figure 5.2: Challenges of NMHSs by sub-region

5.2 Future Priorities

Respondents were asked to identify up to six priority areas for future work to help address the

challenges identified above. Free text was used for responses and a degree of interpretation

was used to summarize this information and map it to the following 9 priority areas. Table 5.2

provides the comparative priority areas based on weighted value weighing top priority as

highest value of 6 and decreasing subsequently.

Table 5.2: Weighted priority areas

S.

N. Priority Areas

Priority Response

Frequency Weighted

Value 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 WIGOS - WIS including GISC 6 10 2 3 3 7 31 116

2 Capacity development 8 6 5 2 1 2 24 108

3 Strengthening of Climate Services

including GFCS 2 4 7 10 5 - 28 100

4 Enhancement of services delivery 3 3 6 5 2 3 22 79

5 Disaster Risk Reduction/Early

Warning System DRR/EWS 3 4 3 6 3 1 20 75

6 Improvement of QMS 3 1 3 2 7 3 19 58

7 Scientific research 3 1 - 3 5 5 17 47

8 International partnerships - - 4 - 2 1 7 21

9 Strengthening good governance 1 - - - 1 3 5 11

-

2.500

5.000

Central Asia East Asia SE Asia South Asia West Asia

Adequacyof qualified personnel in some areas Adequacy of climate services

Adequacy of NWP modeling capacity Improved visibility towards the decision makers

Adequacy of EWS and services for DRR Relationship with private sector

Introduction/maintenance of QMS Budget - anticipated cuts

Data policies Staff - anticipated cuts

Adequacy of the existing observing systems Adequacy of telecommunication facilities and capacity

32

Priority 1: Implementation of WIGOS and WIS including GISC: expressed in terms of

the need to maintain and improve observing systems, the quality of observations, improve

communication and information sharing, telecommunication and IT infrastructures and

database management, and regional and national implementation of WIGOS;

Priority 2: Capacity Building: identified by Members in terms of budget and staffing

resource deficiencies, education and training needs, exchange of experts and modeling

capacity such as NWP;

Priority 3: Strengthening of Climate Services including GFCS: expressed in terms of the

need for improved climate services including climate change, variability and prediction

services; and the implementation of GFCS at national and regional levels;

Priority 4: Enhancement of Services – PWS, Hydrology and Aviation: expressed in terms

of developing the capacity for adequate services in support of public weather services,

aviation, and hydrology, including medium- and long-range forecast services;

Priority 5: Disaster Risk Reduction/Early Warning System (DRR/EWS): expressed in

terms of reliable observation system, capacity enhancement of both human resources and

observation system to issue early warning and emergency services;

Priority 6: Improvement of Quality Management System (QMS): expressed in terms of

observer and forecaster training in support of QMS implementation; application in specific

sectors commonly identified in aviation sector;

Priority 7: Scientific Research: expressed in terms of joint research on surface & upper air

observations, climate change, and regional data acquisition and sharing;

Priority 8: Cooperation and Partnerships: expressed in terms of improving outreach to the

community, encouraging engagement with local government, raising the effectiveness and

efficiency of regional activities, building common positions on issues like data policy,

commercialization and public/private sector relationships; and

Priority 9: Strengthening good governance: expressed in terms of improving legal and

technical regulation, developing and/or strengthening SOP.

33

Sub-regional priority areas are shown in Figure 5.3 below. The top priority areas are:

WIGOS-WIS including GISC in Central Asia; Disaster Risk Reduction and Early Warning

System, and WIGOS-WIS including GISC and Strengthening of Climate Services including

GFCS in East Asia; Disaster Risk Reduction and Early Warning System, and Capacity

Development in South Asia; and Capacity Development and WIGOS-WIS including GISC in

South-East Asia and West Asia. Priority areas of sub-regions may represent the specific needs

of the sub-region. WIGOS-WIS including GISC, capacity building and strengthening of

climate services including GFCS are priority areas in most of the sub-regions. Enhancement

of services delivery-PWS, Hydrology and Aviation is still priority area in West Asia and

Central Asia. Improvement of QMS is also one of the high priorities in South Asia.

Figure 5.3: Weighted priority areas by sub-region

In addition to this group of five priority areas, Members expressed other priorities namely

improvement of quality management system (QMS); scientific research; cooperation and

partnerships; and strengthening good governance. Apart from these listed priorities, some

Members also have their own specific priorities such as commercialization of services,

strengthening the institutional regulatory framework of NMHSs, development of Numeric

Weather Prediction (NWP), and seasonal climate prediction.

-

2.500

5.000

Central Asia East Asia South East Asia South Asia West Asia

WIGOS - WIS including GISC Capacity development

Strengthening of Climate Services including GFCS Enhancement of services delivery

Disaster Risk Reduction/Early Warning System Improvement of QMS

Scientific research International partnerships

Strengthening good governance

34

6 Suggestions for the RA II Activities

This section summarizes expectations and suggestions of Members in terms of participation in

subsidiary bodies, partnership with other Members and support from the Secretariat for

improvement of RA II activities.

6.1 Participation in Subsidiary Bodies

Members were surveyed to determine their ability to participate in the working mechanisms

(Working Groups, Task Teams, etc.) of RA II. The majority of responses (19) indicate that

participation in this work is only possible with financial support from WMO. Seven Members

(three from East Asia, one each from other sub-regions) indicated that they are able to allocate

their own resources to support participation in meetings of subsidiary bodies. Eight Members

expressed an ability to participate through electronic means only (e.g., web forum, email,

WebEx conferences etc.). Three Members (two from South Asia and one from West Asia)

mentioned that there is no possibility to allocate staff to support regional activities. The

responses are shown in Figure 6.1 below.

Figure 6.1: Support to subsidiary bodies

Budget constraint and insufficient staff in NMHSs are the main hindrance to support the

activities of RA II subsidiary bodies. Insufficient staff resources is major problem in West

Asia whilst budget constraints in South-East Asia. Five Members reported the language

problem among them, two in Central Asia and one each in East Asia, South Asia and West

Asia. The main constraints on participation in RA II subsidiary bodies are summarized in

Figure 6.2 below.

1

5

1

3

2

2

1

4

1

1

5

1

2

1

3

3

1

0 5 10 15 20

Yes, including support for participation

If financial support from WMO

Only work through electronic means

No possibility to allocate staff

Central Asia

East Asia

SE Asia

South Asia

West Asia

35

Figure 6.2: Reason for not supporting subsidiary bodies

Members were also asked to identify the main outcomes they seek from the work of the RA II

subsidiary bodies, using a 3-point scale (1 = not useful; 2 = useful; 3 = very useful). A clear

preference was expressed for three types of activities: regional implementation plans (WIS,

WIGOS, GFCS etc.); regional capacity development events such as forum,

seminar/conference /workshops, cooperation and partnership; and assisting in setting up

implementation project and providing guidance material on the implementation of priority

programmes and projects. See Figure 6.3 below for a summary of the average usefulness

rating across RA II.

Figure 6.3: Useful activities of subsidiary bodies

2

1

1

1

1

-

1

3

3

2

5

1

2

- 5 10

Insufficient staff

Not important

Language problem

No information

Budget constrained

Central Asia

East Asia

SE Asia

South Asia

West Asia

2.219

2.323

2.333

2.516

2.576

2.613

2.656

2.000 2.200 2.400 2.600 2.800 3.000

On-line forums

Expertise services on request

Monitoring the performance of the NMHSs

Guidance materials

Assisting in setting up implementation

projects

Regional capacity development events

Regional implementation plans

Average

36

Table 6.1 presents a numerical breakdown of level of usefulness of regional activities under

each category with sub-region representations. It is revealed that majority of Members rated

listed regional activities as either useful or very useful. Three Members one each from South-

East, South and West Asia rated monitoring the performance of the NMHSs, one Member

from South-East rated guidance material and one Member from East Asia rated on-line

forums as not useful.

Table 6.1: Number of respondents by outcome and level of usefulness

Useful Outcomes

Sub-Region

RA II Central

Asia

East

Asia

SE

Asia

South

Asia

West

Asia

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Regional implementation

plans

-

2

2

-

2

5

-

1

4

-

2

5

-

4

5

-

11

21

Regional capacity

development events

-

1

3

-

4

3

-

2

2

-

-

7

-

5

4

-

12

19

Assisting in setting up

implementation projects

-

3

2

-

2

5

-

2

3

-

3

4

-

4

5

-

14

19

Guidance materials

-

2

2

-

4

3

1

1

2

-

3

4

-

3

6

1

13

17

Monitoring the

performance of the

NMHSs

-

4

1

-

4

3

1

1

3

1

2

4

1

5

3

3

16

14

Expertise services on

request

-

2

1

-

7

-

-

3

2

-

4

3

-

5

4

-

21

10

On-line forums

-

2

2

1

6

-

-

3

2

-

5

2

-

7

2

1

23

8

Note: 1 = not useful, 2 = useful and 3 = very useful

6.2 Supports from Members and Secretariat

The final part of this section examined the kind and level of support sought by RA II

Members from the WMO Secretariat and from other Members.

With regard to support from Members, although there was a wide range of responses, the

strongest emphasis was on training, joint/twinning capacity development projects (NWP,

GFCS, climate change, hydrology, glaciology), exchanges of expertise, technical support

(e.g., for implementation of QMS, strengthening automatic and upper air observation

networks),sharing and production of data, developing joint research activities/projects and

assistance in developing and/or strengthening regulation and SOP.

37

Similarly, respondents identified financial and coordination support as a key expectation from

the WMO Secretariat. The responses provided a number of suggestions for improving this,

including financial assistance for participation in regional events that promote the visibility

and mandate of NMHSs. Most of the responses indicate that the Secretariat should review its

working mechanisms and adopt a more practical approach to foster regional and sub-regional

cooperation to tackle challenges and increase its efficiency and effectiveness in coordinating

activities and assisting Members. Some Members pointed out the Secretariat’s role in

coordination and facilitation of VCP activities.

Specific suggestions focused on enhancement of regional data exchange network, continued

assistance with information sharing on regional activities, involvement of experts in

international or/and regional researches, mobilization of regional/international resources in

support of humanity/DRR initiatives, support and guidance in developing the projects and

technology transfer, practical guides for implementation of WIS/GISC, GFCS, QMS.

.

59

ANNEX IV

PARTICIPATED MEMBERS AND SUB-REGIONS OF RA II

Member Participation Sub-region

1 China o East Asia

2 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea East Asia

3 Hong Kong, China o East Asia

4 Japan o East Asia

5 Macao, China East Asia

6 Mongolia o East Asia

7 Republic of Korea o East Asia

1 Kazakhstan Central Asia

2 Kyrgyzstan o Central Asia

3 Russian Federation o Central Asia

4 Tajikistan o Central Asia

5 Turkmenistan Central Asia

6 Uzbekistan o Central Asia

1 Afghanistan o South Asia

2 Bangladesh o South Asia

3 Bhutan South Asia

4 India o South Asia

5 Maldives o South Asia

6 Nepal o South Asia

7 Pakistan o South Asia

8 Sri Lanka o South Asia

1 Myanmar o Southeast Asia

2 Cambodia Southeast Asia

3 Lao People’s Democratic Republic o Southeast Asia

4 Thailand o Southeast Asia

5 Viet Nam Southeast Asia

1 Bahrain o West Asia

2 Iran, Islamic Republic of o West Asia

3 Iraq West Asia

4 Kuwait o West Asia

5 Oman o West Asia

6 Qatar o West Asia

7 Saudi Arabia West Asia

8 United Arab Emirates West Asia

9 Yemen West Asia

60

ANNEX V

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE CHALLENGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES OF RA II FOR

CONTRIBUTION TO WMO SOP 2016–2019 The challenges and future priorities for RA II Members were identified by the regional survey and further discussed during the RECO-6. The highest priority challenges identified in these discussions include:

Inadequacies of climate services, extended forecast (sub-seasonal to seasonal) at high resolution;

The lack of qualified personnel and needs for capacity building;

Need for ongoing competency assessments and implementation of a quality management system, particularly in the field of aeronautical meteorology;

Need to improve development, access and usage of numerical weather prediction (NWP) guidance material as underlying support to prepare skilful, location-specific weather forecast for improving service delivery; and

Inadequate capabilities (meteorological, hydrological observing systems, data communication systems and effective dissemination systems) to deliver end-to-end multi hazard early warning systems to support DRR;

and the future priorities include:

Improvement of Early Warning System (EWS) for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) to meet the increasing demands for effective and more accurate location- and time-specific forecasts for stakeholders to issue early warning and render emergency services;

Implementation of WIGOS and WIS including GISC to maintain and improve real-time observing systems including META data, the quality and quantity of observations (particularly in mountains, deserts and oceans), improve communication and information sharing, telecommunication and IT infrastructures and database management, regional and national implementation of WIGOS;

Enhancement of Hydrological, Aviation and public weather services for the development of the capacity for adequate services in support of public weather services, aviation, and hydrology, including nowcast, short and medium-range forecast services;

Strengthening of Climate Services including GFCS for improved climate services including climate change, variability and prediction services; and the implementation of GFCS at national and regional levels;

Capacity Development in terms of budget and staffing resource deficiencies, education and training needs, twinning of experts and modeling such as NWP; and

Improvement of Quality Management System (QMS) in terms of training and education in support of implementation of personnel qualification, competency and QMS to leverage cost-recovery systems to improve aviation services.

61

ANNEX VI

OTHER CHALLENGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES OF RA II I. CHALLENGES:

Competition with private sector and impact of social media;

Anticipated budget and staff cuts;

Inadequacies in regional observing and telecommunications systems for monitoring, forecasting, and dissemination of products for weather, water and climate;

Requirement for improved partnership for better visibility and communication with users and stakeholders for effective delivery of user-focused services;

Enhancement of scientific research and transfer of results to operational services of NMHS; and

Need to improve real-time meteorological and hydrological data sharing and the application of open data policies at all-time scales.

II. FUTURE PRIORITIES:

Enhancement of Scientific Research including joint research in meteorological observing system, satellite meteorology, radar meteorology, data assimilation, atmospheric and oceanic processes, modeling and climate change;

Enhancing Cooperation and Partnerships to improve the provision of meteorological services, outreach to the community, encouraging engagement with local/national/regional governments, raising the effectiveness and efficiency of meteorological activities, building consensus on issues like data policy, commercialization and public/private sector relationships, etc.; and

Strengthening good governance including legal and technical regulations, developing and/or strengthening standard operating procedures SOP.

62

ANNEX VII

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS FROM THE SUB-REGIONS ON THE CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PRIORITIES

I. CHALLENGES - East Asia-

Lack of qualified personnel and infrastructure: Need to improve the capacity of NMHSs in the development and application of technologies including NWP model, nowcasting tool, meteorological satellite, and observational instruments through twinning/mentoring programmes, institutional development at the regional/sub-regional level, as well as introduction and maintenance of QMS;

Need to improve visibility and communication with the public, special users, stakeholders, decision-makers and commercial weather service providers, such as outreach programs for better delivery of user-focused services and for more effective DRR activities; and the demonstration of socio-economic benefits of weather and climate services; and

Need to enhance research by NMHS and partnership with research institutions on various scientific fields such as NWP and climate prediction, and transfer the research results to operational NMHS’s services.

- Southeast Asia-

Inadequacy of qualified personnel towards the implementation of WIGOS, WIS and GFCS;

Inadequacy of Modernized Multi-hazard EWS network components, lack of capacity in accurate impact forecast/warning modelling and “Single Voice” dissemination mechanism; and

Improved visibility towards government leaders, decision makers relating to national budget constraint in supporting to raise the capability and profile of NMHSs, including partnership and inter-institutional collaboration.

- South Asia-

Lack of Hydro-meteorological observations in mountains (Himalayas/ Hindu-Kush

regions) and Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea);

Seasonal forecast at high resolution for all seasons;

Capacity Building; and

Early warning system for high impact weather (TS, Heavy rain etc).

- Central Asia-

Lack of harmonization of air navigation and aeronautical meteorological systems;

Insufficient support from the Secretariat in resource mobilization (through donor organizations) to initiate vital sub-regional projects (e.g. Aral HYCOS); and

Lack of required technical and technological facilities for enhanced hydrometeorogical services to meet changing user needs.

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II. FUTURE PRIORITIES - East Asia-

Enhancement of Service delivery: development of adequate services of PWS, hydrology, aeronautical meteorology, agricultural meteorology, and climate services including GFCS, and enhancing cooperation and partnerships with relevant sectors to facilitate the provision of those services, and capacity building to support those activities;

Improvement of Early Warning System for Disaster Risk management and Reduction, establishing early warning systems based upon impact-based forecast and risk-based warning, especially for sectors vulnerable to weather and climate change; and

Enhancement of Scientific Research, including joint research with relevant institutions, on surface and upper air observations, satellite meteorological techniques, global to regional NWP and sub-seasonal to seasonal climate prediction, climate change, and regional data acquisition and sharing.

- Southeast Asia-

Enhancement of services and Improvement of PWS, EWS and Implementation of QMS including personnel competency for Aeronautical Met. Services and Met. Service for Terminal Area (MSTA) at Sub-regional and national Levels;

Implementation of WIGOS at Sub-regional and national levels, Improvement of WIS operational at Sub-regional (RTH) level and National (NC) level, including Sub-regional radar data/products composite; and

Enhancement of the operational status of Sub-regional SWFDP-SeA, emphasis on continuing capacity building by supports of global and regional centres, and improve routine utilization/applications at national level.

- South Asia-

To set up Hydro-meteorological observation system (Surface, upper air, Radar, air

quality, ocean buoys, tide gauges) with real time data dissemination;

Develop numerical coupled forecasting system with regional data assimilation to

generate seasonal and monthly forecast at meteorological sub-divisional scale;

Training on observing system (surface, upper air, Radar, Satellite, etc.),

telecommunication, data assimilation, NWP modelling and post processing; and

Medium range high resolution precipitation prediction model coupling with rainfall

runoff model.

- Central Asia-

Continuous technical and technological modernization in NMHSs;

Life-long personnel education and training; and

Scientific and methodological support for hydrometeorological activities.

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ANNEX VIII

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Members Participants

AFGHANISTAN Ms Nabila FORMALI General Manager of Department of the Meteorological Authority of the Independent Directorate of Civil Aviation Tel: 0706 896 308 Email: nabile.wafa@yahoo.com

BAHRAIN Mr Dheya ALALAWI Supervisor Met Operation Civil Aviation Affairs/Meteorological Directorate Tel: +97 33 944 77 76, +97 31 73 299 36 Email: Al-Alawi@mot.gov.bh; dalawi@caa.gov.bh

Mr Alaa BUALAI Senior Meteorologist Civil Aviation Affairs Meteorological Directorate Tel: +97 363 680 80, +97 317 321 175 Email: abuali@caa.gov.bh

BANGLADESH Ms Mahnaz KHAN Deputy Director Bangladesh Meteorological Department Tel: +88 02 911 69 18, +88 0172 754 47 88 Email: mhzkhan2013@yahoo.com

CHINA Mr Heng ZHOU Director-General Department of International Cooperation China Meteorological Administration Tel: +86 10 68 40 66 62 Email: zhouheng@cma.gov.cn

Mr Yongqing CHEN Chairperson of WG-WIGOS/WIS Director Division of International Cooperation Department of International Cooperation China Meteorological Administration Tel: +86 10 68 40 65 62 Email: chenYQ@cma.gov.cn

Ms Dongyan MAO Director of Operations Science and Technology Division National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Tel: +86 10 68 40 79 66 Email: maody@cma.gov.cn¨

HONG KONG, CHINA

Mr B.L. CHOY Chairperson of WG-WS Senior Scientific Officer Hong Kong Observatory Tel: +852 29 26 83 50 Fax: +852 23 11 94 48 Email: blchoy@hko.gov.hk

Mr L.S. LEE Chairperson of TTSOP Senior Scientific Officer Hong Kong Observatory Tel: +852 29 26 83 71 Fax: +852 23 11 94 48 Email: lslee@hko.gov.hk

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INDIA Dr Shailesh NAYAK Secretary Ministry of Earth Sciences Tel: +91 11 24629 771 Email: secretary@moes.gov.in

Dr Laxman Singh RATHORE Permanent Representative of India with WMO India Meteorological Department Tel: +91 11 246 118 42 Fax: +91 11 246 117 92 Email: ls.rathore@imd.gov.in, lrathore@gmail.com

Dr Shiv Dev ATTRI Director General of Meteorology India Meteorological Department Tel: +91 11 2464 0701 Email: sdattri@gmail.com, sd.attri@imd.gov.in

Dr N. CHATTOPADHYAY Co-coordinator of EG-AgM DDGM (Agrimet) SE India Meteorological Department Tel : +0020 255 334 20/0922 556 95 19 Email: nabansu_c@yahoo.co.in

IRAN Dr Davood PARHIZKAR Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran with WMO Tel: +98 912 384 20 60, 98 21 660 700 38 Fax: +98 21 660 7000 5 Email: affairs.intl@gmail.com; PARHIZKAR@IRIMO.IR

JAPAN Dr Toshihiko HASHIDA Director General, Forecast Department Japan Meteorological Agency Tel: +81 3 3211 49 66 Fax: +81 3 3211 20 32 Email: iao-jma@met.kishou.go.jp

Mr Masashi KUNITSUGU Head, Office of Aviation Weather Forecasting Japan Meteorological Agency Tel: +81 3 3211 49 66 Fax: +81 3 3211 20 32 Email: iao-jma@met.kishou.go.jp

Mr Yoshiaki HIRANO Senior Scientific Officer, Office of International Affairs Japan Meteorological Agency Tel: +81 3 3211 49 66 Fax: +81 3 3211 20 32 Email: iao-jma@met.kishou.go.jp

Mr Yuki HONDA Co-coordinator of EG-OF Senior Coordinator for Data Assimilation Systems Japan Meteorological Agency Tel: +81 3 32 12 83 41 Fax: +81 3 32 11 20 32 Email: Honda.yuuki@met.kishou.go.jp

Mr Kenji TSUNODA Co-coordinator of EG-WIS Senior Scientific Officer Japan Meteorological Agency Tel: +81 3 3212 83 41 Fax: +81 3 3211 84 04 Email: tsunoda@met.kishou.go.jp

KOREA (REPUBLIC OF)

Dr Hongsang JUNG Vice Administrator Korea Meteorological Administration Tel: +82 2 21 81 0216 Fax: +82 2 836 23 86 Email: hsjung@korea.kr

Mr Sewon KIM Director of International Cooperation Division Korea Meteorological Administration Tel: +82 2 2181 0372 Fax: +82 2 836 23 86 Email: shane2594@korea.kr

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Dr Sung KIM Chairperson of WGHS Senior Research Fellow Korea Institute of Civil Engineering Building Technology Tel: +82 31 910 0602 Fax: +82 31 910 0251 Email: skim@kict.re.kr

Dr Jaegwang WON Co-coordinator of EG-WIGOS Director of Satellite Planning Division Korea Meteorological Administration Tel: +82 70 78 50 57 01 Fax: +82 43 717 0210 Email: ecotus37@korea.kr

Ms Jengeun LEE Assistant Director of International Cooperation Division Korea Meteorological Administration Tel: +82 2 2181 0371 Fax: +82 2 836 23 86 Email: kislje@korea.kr

KUWAIT Dr Hussain AL-SARRAF Chief of forecasting Kuwait Meteorological Department Tel: +95 99 66 33 13 Fax: +95 243 487 14 Email: h.alsarraf@met.gov.kw

Mr Ali AL-MOTAWA Chief of aviation forecasting Kuwait Meteorological Department Tel: +95 996 80 963 Fax: +95 243 487 14 Email: aalmotawa@met.gov.kw

KYRGYZSTAN Mr Zarylbek ITIBAEV Permanent Representative of Kyrgyzstan with WMO Tel: +996 312 31 62 28, +996 770 330 999 Fax: +996 312 314 745 Email: kgk1618gulmira@gmail.com

Ms Gulmira KOCHERBAEVA Head of International Cooperation Department Agency of Hydrometeorology under Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Kyrgyz Republic Tel: +996 770 801 166, + 996 550 050 184; +996 772 0501 84 Fax: +996 312 314 745 Email: gulmira1618@mail.ru

LAO PDR Mr Singthong PATHOUMMADY Deputy Director-General Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Tel: +856 20 553 89 651 Email: p.singthong@yahoo.com

MALDIVES Mr Abdulla WAHID Assistant Executive Director Maldives Meteorological Service Tel: +960 332 57 66 Fax: +960 332 00 21 Email: wahid@meteorology.gov.mv; abdullawahid@gmail.com

MONGOLIA Dr Erdenebat ELDEVOCHIR Senior Officer in charge of International Cooperation National Agency for Meteorology and Environment Monitoring Tel: +976 113 266 11, 976 88 011 011 Email: Erdenebat@namem.gov.mn

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MYANMAR Ms Khin Cho Cho SHEIN Director Department of Meteorology and Hydrology Ministry of Transport Tel: +95 67 411528/526/527 Fax: +95 67 411449/526/527 Email: dg.dmh@mptmail.net.mm; dg.dmh1@gmail.com, khinchochoshein@gmail.com

NEPAL Mr Saraju Kumar BAIDYA Deputy Director General of the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) Tel: +9771 425 59 20, 42488 08, 985 11 20 142 Fax: +977 1 425 48 90 Email: sarajubaidya@yahoo.com

OMAN Dr Juma AL-MASKARI Director General of Meteorology Public Authority for Civil Aviation Tel: +968 992 626 56 Fax: +968 245 189 79 Email: j.almaskari@met.gov.om

PAKISTAN Mr Arif Mahmood RANA Permanent Representative of Pakistan with WMO Vice-President of RA II (Asia) Pakistan Meteorological Department Tel: +92 51 925 0 591 Fax: +92 51 925 0368 Email: dgpakmet@gmail.com

Mr Hazrat MIR Director-General Pakistan Meteorological Department Tel: +92 51 92 503 67 Email: hazratmir2007@yahoo.com

Mr Muhammad RIAZ Vice chairperson of WGHS Chief Meteorologist Pakistan Meteorological Department Tel: +92 42 992 00 208 Fax: +92 42 992 00 209 Email: Riaz1962@hotmail.com, riaz1962@hotmail.com

Dr Muhammad HANIF Co-coordinator of EG-PWS Pakistan Meteorological Department Tel: +92 51 925 0595 Fax: +92 51 925 0368 Email: hanifwxc@hotmail.com

Mr Sahibzad KHAN Pakistan Meteorological Department Tel: +92 42 374 200 56 Fax: +92 42 374 237 28 Email: SAHIBZAD@gmail.com

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QATAR Mr Ahmed ABDULLA MOHAMMED Permanent Representative of Qatar with WMO President of RA II (Asia) Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 44 557 190 Fax: +974 44 659 541 Email: ahmed_qatar@yahoo.com

Mr Abdulla ALMANNAI Representative of Qatar with WMO Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 40102230 Email: Abdulla.Almannai@caa.gov.qa

Mr Zaid ALOLAN Head of network section Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 4455 7044 Email: Zaid.Alolan@caa.gov.qa

Mr Mohammed ALMARRI Head of Observation section Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 44557099 Mobile: +974 55877771 Email: Mohammed.jabir@caa.go.qa

Mr Mohammad ALKUBAISI Forecaster Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 558 460 13 Email: Mohammad.alkubaisi@caa.gov.qa

Mr Fahed HAJJI Forecaster Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil aviation Authority Tel: +974 44557012 Email: Fahad.hajji@caa.gov.qa

Mr R. MONIKUMAR Meteorology Expert International & Technical Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 44557072 Fax: +974 44659541 Email: Moni.kumar@caa.gov.qa Monikumar.r@gmail.com

Mr Tamador ALBOININ Assistant International & Technical Qatar Meteorology Department Qatar Civil Aviation Authority Tel: +974 445 570 89 Email: Tamader.Alboinin@caa.gov.qa

RUSSIAN FEDERATON

Ms Marina PETROVA Co-Coordinator of EG-AeM Director General, Aviamettelecom of Roshydromet Tel: +7 499 255 50 75 Fax: +7 499 795 22 00 Email: petrovamv@mail.ru, aviamettelecom@mecom.ru

Ms Olga PETROVA International Affairs Adviser Aviamettelecom of Roshydromet Tel: +7 499 252 55 00 Fax: +7 499 795 22 00 Email: olpetrova2004@yandex.ru

SRI LANKA Mr Don Joseph Ajith WEERAWARDENA Director of Meteorology Department of Meteorology Tel: +94 77 343 70 63 Fax: +94 11 269 83 11 Email: ajithweer@yahoo.com

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TAJIKISTAN Ms Natalia ZERSHCHIKOVA Main Specialist of Meteorology Department State Administration for Hydrometeorology Tel: +99 29 18 63 19 98 Fax: +99 23 722 155 22 Email: office@meteo.tj

THAILAND Mr Prawit JAMPANYA Director, Weather Forecast Bureau Thai Meteorological Department Tel: +66 23 99 4001 Email: jampanya@tmd.go.th

UZBEKISTAN Prof Sergey MYAGKOV Deputy Director of Hydrometeorological Research Institute The Centre of Hydrometeorological Service (Uzhydromet) Tel: +998 71 235 83 29 Email: sergik1961@yahoo.com;

Ms Irina ZAYTSEVA Co-coordinator of EG-OF Deputy Chief of Hydrometeorological Informational Provision Service Uzhydromet Tel: +998 71 237 3511 Fax: +998 71 234 3845 Email: zaytseva@meteo.uz;

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Mr Ian LISK Head of Natural Hazards Met Office Fitzroy Road EXETER Tel: +44 13 92 885 135, +44 775 388 0672 Fax: +44 13 92 885 681

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WMO SECRETARIAT

Mr Robert O. MASTERS Director Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 83 25 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: rmasters@wmo.int

Dr Chung Kyu PARK Director Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 82 52 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: cpark@wmo.int

Mr Jeffrey Charles WILSON Director Education and Training Office Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 82 94 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: jwilson@wmo.int

Mr Jaser RABADI Representative, WMO Office for West Asia Development and Regional Activities Department Office: + 973 173 19 401 Fax + 973 173 11 607 Cell : + 973 390 64 305 Email: jrabadi@wmo.int

Dr Yongseob LEE Seconded expert Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 85 76 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: ylee@wmo.int

Mr Ryuji YAMADA Programme Manager Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 83 09 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: ryamada@wmo.int

Mr Igor ZAHUMENSKY WIGOS Project Officer Observing and Information Systems Department Tel: +41 22 730 82 77 Fax: +41 22 730 80 21 Email: izahumensky@wmo.int

Ms Michaela HERINKOVA Secretary Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 85 83 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: MHerinkova@wmo.int

WMO SECRETARIAT (Presentation from Geneva via Video Conferencing )

Ms Mary POWER Director, Resource Mobilization and Development Partnerships Development and Regional Activities Department Tel: +41 22 730 80 03 Fax: +41 22 730 80 47 Email: mpower@wmo.int

Mr David THOMAS Chief, Information and Telecommunication System Division Observing and Information Systems Department Tel: +41 22 730 82 41 Fax: +41 22 730 80 21 Email: dthomas@wmo.int

Mr Abdoulaye HAROU Chief, Data Processing and Forecasting Systems Division Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction Services Department Tel: +41 22 730 82 31 Fax: +41 22 730 81 28 Email: aharou@wmo.int

Dr Oksana TARASOVA Chief, Atmospheric Environment Research Division Research Department Tel: +41 22 730 81 69 Fax: +41 22 730 80 49 Email: OTarasova@wmo.int