regional globalism

Author:Johannes Dreer; Dipl. Volkswirt

Co-author:Johannes Schindler; M.A. PolitikwissenschaftRebecca Gebler; B.A. in communication and social science

Translation by: Tobias Blanck

Kirchdorf, June 2012

Regional globalismA system for responsible action

First basic idea

Summary

Sustainability has existed for decades as a noble concept and an ideal. Decent conditions for every single one in the world can only be achieved and secured by means of concrete, persistent, and responsible behavior.

Responsible behavior is more likely in places where proximity, involvement, and concern of the actors, is present. It is also necessary that existential risks and yields unpegged from the real economy are excluded.

Responsible behavior is taking place in the region. It is in the here and now.

In this paper, the perception of the whole is given. As a result, approaches emerge for further development of the concept of sustainability to the point of pragmatically implemented responsibility in human behavior.

Index

Summary 2

1. Introduction 4

2. Structure of the paper 4

3. Present situation 5

3.1 Economic crises and the management thereof 7

3.2 Limits to growth 7

3.3 The concept of sustainability in vogue 8

4. Starting points of a new theory 10

4.1 Systems and human behavior 10

4.2 Open wounds of our system 12

5. Theory of regional globalism 13

5.1 Cosmopolitanism and the single currency 13

5.2 Regional limits of economic action 14

5.3Taxation,basicincomeandfinancialequalizationofregions 14

6.Consequenceofimplementingregionalglobalism 15

6.1 Short-term trends caused by the system 16

6.2 Long-term trends caused by the system 17

7. Further challenges and outlook 19

Acknowledgments 20

Copyright 20

References 21

Regional globalism | 3

1. Introduction

Our social systems and economic systems collapse and renew themselves without changing fundamen-

tally.Unevenpowerrelations,unequaldistributionofincomeandassets,andunequalaccesstoeducation

persist and even intensify. Twenty years after the Climate Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, it is more

important than ever to preserve decent living conditions on earth. However, it seems that mankind is not

willing or able to change this situation.

The serious problems are closely linked to present structures. To solve these problems, it is necessary to

create new structures to replace those which caused the problems.

The aim of this paper is to describe approaches for a simple system which leads to a stable long-term win-

winsituationforallthoseconcerned.Thissystemisbasedonequalrightsandopportunitiesforthefuture.

The key to this system is a mechanism which makes people take responsibility for their direct environment

– and in turn the entire world – like managed by an invisible hand.

The term regional globalism as described in this paper ought to be applied to the system whose basic fea-

tures are described below as well as to the human behavior in this system. The term represents responsible

behavioronalocallevelwhichwillbenefitthewholeworld.

2. Structure of the paper

Thispaperisdividedintothreeparts:describingthecurrentsituation,characterizingthebasicapproaches

of regional globalism, and the overall impact of a possible implementation thereof.

Section three describes current developments in the world. Section four presents the starting points of a

newsystem.Sectionfivedescribesthissystem.Sectionsixdealswithpotentialshort-termandlong-term

trends. Section seven lists the future challenges with regard to the possible implementation.


3. Present situation

We live in times of social systems with no clear goal, ailing economies, debt crises, natural disasters, human

tragedies, and helplessness on a global scale.

”Europe currently has three options to react to the quick succession of financial crisis, debt crisis and Euro

crisis: muddling along will only prolong and fuel the crises further; putting an end to the monetary union

would kill the European project and this would lead to such a chaos that no-one and nothing can control

any longer; and the step towards a real economic and political integration is something the current political

leaders dare not make because they think their people will not follow.“1

ThisquotefromJoschkaFischerfromSeptember2011underpinstheassumption2 that there are probably

nomoretruesolutionsinthecurrentsystem.Thebesttheycanachieveispostponingconflictsaboutthe

existing assets, resources, and food in the world.

A decent future for mankind is endangered and mankind is mostly aware of it. Figure 1 illustrates a number

of future risks and their likelihood and importance. Understanding the global connections seems impossible

due to the complexity of the whole. That is why it is still common to overcome a crisis without even touching

the core of the problem. Therefore, risks persist.

1

2

Joschka Fischer, Morsche Fundamente, SZ, 1.9., S. 2

Europe’s view in place of the world’s


Economic RisksAsset price collapseExtreme commodity price volatilityExtreme consumer price volatilityExtreme energy price volatilityFiscal crisesGlobal imbalances and currency volatilityInfrastructure fragilityLiquidity/credit crunchRegulatory failuresRetrenchment from globalizationSlowing Chinese economy (<6%)

Environmental RisksAir pollutionBiodiversity lossClimate changeEarthquakes and volcanic eruptionsFloodingOcean governanceStorms and cyclones

Societal RisksChronic diseasesDemographic challengesEconomic disparityFood securityInfectious diseasesMigrationWater security

Geopolitical RisksCorruptionFragile statesGeopolitical conflictGlobal governance failuresIllicit tradeOrganized crimeSpace securityTerrorismWeapons of mass destruction

Technological RisksCritical information infrastructure breakdownOnline data and information securityThreats from new technologies

Figure 1: Global Risks

Source: World Economic Forum (2011) Global Risks 2011 – Sixth Edition: An initiative of the Risk Response Network; P. 3


3.1 Economic crises and the management thereof

Inbanking,financialandcurrencycrisesintherecentpast,billionsofeurosworthofgovernmentaidledto

an alarming public deficit.

The current strategy – lifting the burden of arising problems to a higher tier – is a short-term emergency

solution. In the long run, it might lead to social and political crises. The Hegelian understanding of “lifting”

the problems of the economy to a national level and later to an international level is a cul-de-sac.3

Nationstatesseizetheopportunitytoavoidhavingtomakepoliticallyinconvenientdecisions.Politicians

make up apparent constraints which must not be neglected. This creates a feeling of failure by po-liticians. It reinforces the impression that both economists and politicians are helpless in the face of the

challenges of banking, debt and currency crises.4

3.2 Limits to growth

The capitalist market economy is subject to pressure and drive for growth. Essential in this context is

aconstantincreaseinmoneysupplythroughborrowing.Monetizationofexistinglibertyandopenspaces

takesplace.Stabilityandzerogrowthseemimpossible.5 Thriving prosperity, employment, and lower un-

employmentratesareargumentsforquantitativeeconomicgrowth.

Whether the concept of a green economy is a way to achieve continuous growth and development and

avoid environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and unsustainable exploitation of resources remains

tobeseen.Isagreeneconomyathirdindustrialrevolutionormerelyadesperateattempttosquarethe

circle?

Thereisonethingthatisquestionableinthisconstantstruggleforgrowth:fromacertainlevelofgrowthon,

there is nothing to gain for welfare effects and the individual quality of life. Apart from growth, there are

otherwaystoincreasewelfarewhichdonotrequireadditionalresources.Growthdoesnotseemabsolutely

necessary, and not the silver bullet. It also seems as if growth is not the key problem in our world either.

3 5

4 6

cf.. Leipold; 2011; p.2

cf. Leipold; 2011; p.3f

cf. Binswanger; 2006

OECD core understanding of green economy


3.3 The concept of sustainability in vogue

Sustainableactionisdefinedasanactionin accordance with economic, ecological, and social as-pectsconservingresourcesandsoilfertility,thequalityofwater,air,andthewholeplanetforfuturegenera-

tions. Everyone calls for sustainability and incorporates it into projects in a highly complicated way.

The problem turns out to be the impression that ideas on sustainable development in the current systems

do not affect the present but only the future – there is a delay in affection. First, sustainability starts if pro-

jectsandtheireffectsinspaceandtimegrowcloser.Second,sustainabilityseemstoplayasignificantrole

only after a certain level of material prosperity and personal well-being has been reached. Thus, a higher

degree of personal concernmentisnecessaryforsustainabilitytogainimportance(cf.figure2).

Image 2: Importance of sustainability in relation to different criteria

Source: own diagram


Proximity of time and space,personal well-being, personal concernment, prosperity

Importance of sustainability

Sustainability is in vogue. However, it is only lived once there is enough wealth and income. On the way to

prosperity, sustainability plays no major role.7

Inadditiontothisassessment,thereisthequestionoftheweightofthepillarseconomy,ecology,andsocial

aspects in the context of sustainable action. Spatial, temporal, and personal proximity to a project tend to

favor environmental and social aspects. A basic factor for sustainable behavior with emphasis on ecology

and social aspects is the personal concernment of the actors in the effects of their actions.

Life and personal action are divided into professional and personal life. The professional life is mainly about

earning money to safeguard personal livelihood. Ecology and social aspects play a bigger role in the per-

sonal life. It is easy to distinguish between two types of responsibility: people justify their actions in their

professional lives stating that they need to earn money. In their personal lives, however, people renounce

apartoftheiryieldinordertoindulgeinvalueswhichcannotberepresentedfinancially(preservinglands-

capes,sociallifeetc.).

7 This applies to individuals but even more to groups, business, states, economic areas, and continents as actors


Figure 3: Importance of different aspects of sustainability in professional life and personal life

Source: own diagram

personal life

ecological aspects

economic aspects social aspects

professional life

4. Starting points of a new theory

A world according to Adam Smith does not work in the current system. It would not work even under

perfect conditions.8Neitherareothertheoriesfeasible,eitherbecausethenecessaryprerequisitescannot

becreatedorwouldrequireanexcessiveamountofcontrolafterwards.

4.1 Systems and human behavior

In addition to biophysical constraints as well as fate and nature as external factors,9 main guidelines for

human well-being10 are the existing, man-made systems and the behavior of man himself (internal factors). Figure4depictstowhatextentthequalityofasystemandhumanbehaviorinthissysteminfluencesthewell-

being of the people.

8

9

10

cf. section 3.3

We even knew before the conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 that we influence nature in the long-run (and in the near future). For a short time, we only consider systems created by humans and human behavior as changeable.

Well-being is understood as an integrated indicator for wealth. The concept of well-being in this context expresses a new understanding of wealth and social participation. It factors in prosperity as well as aspects such as living quality and sustainability. It is problematic to measure well-being. Interesting about it is that well-being is multi-dimensional and complex. The authors assume that there is a fundamental and global understanding for better and worse well-being.


Figure 4: Impact of quality of the system and human behavior on personal well-being

Source: Own diagram

Quality of human behavior

Quality of the system

well-being

Identical levels of well-being can be achieved in different ways (bad systems and good behavior, good

systemsandbadbehavior).11

Figure 5 shows an opportunity to improve the well-being of people (improving the system together with

improvingbehaviororslightlyworseningbehavior,viceversa).

11 For good and bad behavior, too, it is assumed that there is a fundamental and global understanding. Significant differences because of religious, cultural, and regional influences are considered.

Figure 5: Change in the quality of a system and human behavior with a higher level of well-being

Source: Own diagram

Quality of human behavior

Quality of the system

well-being 2

well-being 1


The worse the system is, the better human behavior has to be to compensate this.

However, as in the current systems, a majority of people is struggling to make ends meet, comprehensive

sustainablebehaviorisdifficulttoachieve.13

4.2 Open wounds of our system

Running a market economy according to market principles cannot lead to the best result for everyone in-

volved if the necessary conditions do not exist: we have no free trade and no perfect competition. The

competitionintheexistingpolypoliesdoesnotimprovequalitybutprimarilyreducescostsandincreases

quantities.

The search of anonymous money for the highest yield is common to all economic activity. Transnational groups and enterprises are structured very smartly to avoid taxes.

There is a problem in using the outcome of economic activity. Our constant pursuit of prosperity, living

standards, money, and power leads to an accumulation of money, investments, and insurances. The goal

is to make even more money – unpegged from the real economy. Money is not just a means of exchange

anymore: it is being accumulated, multiplied, and then feared for. Money has lost touch: it is limitless and

dimensionless. It is being invested somewhere. Real value added and yield are spatially separated. The

farther away the money is earned, the more indifferent people are to the way it is earned.

In this context, different currencies encourage speculation – even with the most fundamental items such

asfoodandenergy.Inthelightofthedwellingfinancialanddebtcrises,thenumberofcurrenciesraisesthe

questionoftheidealmonetarysystem.

As mobile money is, as immobile is man. The personal freedom to act and move does not exist for everyone

right now – due to a lack of money but also in part because of a lack of legal possibilities.

Maximizing profits, speculation, materialism, and selfishness appear as leitmotifs – for short-term

trends as well as long-term trends and with respect to individuals, to groups and nations, economic areas

and continents. There is an international and intercontinental competition for investment, growth, and pro-

sperityonthebasisofinadequateassumptionsandattheexpenseofecology.

13 cf. section 3.3


5. Theory of regional globalism

”We need a framework in which all people - as if led by an invisible hand – serve for the good of mankind, or

at least do no harm. In view of the threat of global warming, this can only mean living and acting regionally

and energy efficiently – all over the world.“14

The followingchapterdiscusses thekeyapproachesof theconceptof regionalglobalismand isafirst

attempttoroughlyconfigurethesystem.Theresultisamixtureofexpandingandrestrictingliberties,i.e.a

system,aspecificfunctionality.

5.1 Cosmopolitanism and the single currency

The only true legitimate power to act and determine on earth seems is the world community. The preserva-

tion of the world and our livelihood should matter to the every single one on this planet.

The continents, countries, and nations of today are the regions of tomorrow. To address the problems de-

scribed in sections 3 and 4.2, it makes sense to abolish national borders.

Abolishing national borders would promote freedom of movement. This, in turn, would promote the

transfer of knowledge and culture from one region to another. Moreover, the exchange and transfer bet-

ween people is practiced and a feeling of solidarity and togetherness in society could grow. Enlightened

knowledge and education – both easily and globally accessible – in all areas of life are necessary to raise

cosmopolitancitizenswhounderstand,encourage,andsupportpeaceandresponsibilityintheworld.Na-

tionalbordershavealreadyledtoenoughharmintheworld.Agreatersenseofequalityandgoingwithout

nationalbordersandnationalitiescanpromotepeace.Weareallcitizensof theworld,andnopeoples

havingtolivebehindartificialboundaries.

Introducing a single world currency boosts world trade and eliminates currency speculation. Goods

would still have different prices, depending on where in the world, in what season, and with which trans-

portation services they are offered.

A useful and well-established world government with regional deputies would prevent confusion about

legitimacyandcompetences.Asimplystructuredandclearlylegitimizedworldgovernmentcouldbethe

central organ to reach and implement decisions. Managing and monitoring safety, care, human rights, spa-

tiallimitstofortune,taxesetc.canberealizedbyregional/continentalexecutives.

14 Quote from the discussion at Kirchdorfer Zirkel


5.2 Regional limits to economic action

With regional property comes responsibility. This is a key principle of regional globalism. In the professional

and personal life, there should be limits to the basic concept of freedom of movement and action.

Tocounteracttheknownpossibilitiesofmaximizingprofitsandminimizingcontrolof large,transnational

groups at the same time, it should be possible for them to act globally but at the same time there should

onlybepartnershipswhoseheadmustresidewithinacertainradiusfromtheheadquarters.Largegroups

areorganizedinawaythatistooobscureandcomplextobehelpfulinthecurrentsystem.Thelegalen-

tity“company”shouldnotexceedacertaingeographicalspread.Inadditiontotheheadoffice,itshould

beallowedforcompaniestohavebrancheswithinacertainradiusfromtheheadquartersonly.However,

entrepreneurial participation in other companies – regardless of the radius – as well as capital investment

and capital formation – outside a certain radius – should not be allowed. International business can be

implemented by means of co-operation with local companies. This would also simplify and enable local taxation of the value added.

Stipulating that capital investment and capital formation has to take place within a certain radius from

the place of residence would result in a closeness of value added and yield and a trend to carry out more

sustainable and more responsible projects.

5.3Taxation,basicincomeandfinancialequalizationofregions

Limiting and expanding the freedom of action as described in 5.1 and 5.2, needs a valve to balance out

developmentswhichcouldjeopardizethestabilityofthesysteminthelongrun.

Introducing the same tax system, which is easy to be understood, on a global level would lead to

more just taxation of economic activity and success. The income of this tax system could help funding the

involved governments, administration, and different public goods and services.

It must be the common goal of the world’s population to eliminate hunger and poverty.15 One possible so-

lution,whichhasbeendiscussedfiercely,isabasic income for all people. This would give the poorest of

the poor the chance to pay for their cost of living.

Structural differences between different geographical locations are innate. This system does not aim at re-

movingthem.However,theconceptofregionalglobalismsuggestsamechanismofequalizationsimilarto

theequalizationsystembetweenthefederalstatesinGermany:global equalization between regions. Thisequalizationmustnotonlyfactorineconomicaspectsbutalsoecologicalandsocialaspects.

15 It is assumed that all human beings as a community have an interest in maintaining a decent personal environment. If it were different-ly, there would not be a point in keeping on discussing and hoping for a future for our grandchildren.


6.Consequencesofimplementingregionalglobalism

Eliminating national borders, in tandem with limiting the area that money can be used in, causes dynamics

and developments to spread around the globe. The high number of registered companies and inhabitants

within certain overlapping action radii leads to waves of developments which are strengthened or weake-

nedlocally.Thesewavesconveydevelopments–boostedorattenuated–tootherregions(c.f.figure6).


Figure 6: Interaction between regions in a regional globalism

Source: Own diagram based on a Gall–Peters projection of a world map

The concrete effects of implementing regional globalism cannot be forecast in detail. It is still possible

though to describe general short-term and long-term trends. The mixture of limiting and expanding free-

doms leads to a changing system. This will, in turn, lead to a changing way of thinking and acting.

6.1 Short-term trends caused by the system

A simpler and globally accepted framework together with a clear distribution of responsibilities from the

highest to the lowest level of administration reduces the need for administrative work and bureaucra-cy, i.e. more freedom for real action and economic activity. The number of jobs needed in the public sector

shouldgodownsignificantly.

Initially,therewillberegionswithentirelydifferentliquidityasaresultofthelimitationsontheglobalmoney

flowthatcomewiththenewsystem.Thiswillleadtoconsiderablydifferentprice levels between the regions.

Hence, there will be heavy migration. People will be moving from the more expensive regions into the less

expensive ones and vice versa. The majority of the migrators will be workers and small companies as it is

comparably easy for them to do so. The main reasons for these initial movements will be possible jobs, the

potential income, and the cost of living.

A global basic income can guarantee social security because it provides the bases for living socially and

in peace. The economic possibilities are boosted by absolute mobility and the right to work everywhere.

This will boost the global real value added within a short period of time.

Single currency, no trade barriers, and free economic action will rightly turn some products into items of the

daily life and other into luxury goods. Regional products become more important. Different prices reflect real value added and scarcity and are the key factor in the decision-making process. Money will no lon-

ger be a “synthetic drug” but a means of exchange again.


6.2 Long-term trends caused by the system

People will form groups – without any form of social exclusion – and will decide where they want to live

basedonmorefactorsthancostoflivingandpotentialemployment.Theywillalsoconsiderqualityofliving.

Across all regions, there will be a global understanding for a healthy and natural living environment and ways of living of individuals and communities.

Communication will break the last barriers and clarify all misunderstandings. The goal of a peaceful co-

existence will lead to a uniform understanding. A common lingua franca will evolve without suppressing the

local languages. Communication will cross borders and lead to happiness, pride, and satisfaction.

Money will accumulate in the metropolitan areas.Themostprofitableandmostprestigiouswaystoinvest will be scarce. Non-monetary values gain importance, partly because of a lack of alternative. Living

and producing consciously will be the aim of the majority of the people and businesses. The constant fear

ofinflationwillmixwiththerecognitionthatlifedoesnotendwhenyourmoneyisgone.

Those regionswhose inhabitants leftduring thefirstmigrationwaveseean influxofpeople looking for

peace,space,andwell-pricedlivingquality.Thefinancialequalizationleadstoabetter supply with basic necessities in the more remote areas. Responsible ventures are to be found in what used to be peripheral

areas. Local taxation of value added brings additional money to these regions. Tourism, too, will contribute

to the upswing. Higher cost of transportation and traveling causes people to appreciate a journey more and

makes them look at it differently.

Preventing non-regional investment and yields by anonymous money which are not pegged to the real

economy encourage sustainable actions even in the peripheral areas. Companies in the metropolitan

areas and those in the peripheral areas compete at eye level as there are no existential risks because

of basic income, low cost of living, and the existing social network. There is no necessity to sell products,

resources of production, or labor. Co-operation becomes the leitmotif.

Large enterprises start to move to the peripheral areas as the life in the metropolitan areas turns out to be

tooexpensiveoreventooboringforthem.Theyseetheopportunitytofindappreciation,personalcontent,

and contact to the people in the more rural areas. The system makes them invest in the area on a long-term

basisandeffectively.Theseinvestmentsvitalizetheentireregionandtriggerfurtherwavemovements.The

regions start to change without being able to or having to compete.


Thepeoplecometorealizethatgrowthisneithertrulyimportantnorthecoreproblem.Growthisstillpos-

sible but a paradigm change from – quantitative growth to qualitative growth – is on the verge. This

seemstocreatealmostinfinitegrowthpossibilitieswhichdonotrequireresourcesoratleastareduced

amount.

Thestatusquooftheindividualremainsabasicfactorbutitcanbealteredsignificantlybypersonalcom-

mitment. The people understand that they can contribute to the world and to their own happiness in a way

which pays off effectively. This creates positive competition and co-operation worldwide. Divisions grow

and shrink; coming and going is a matter of course. The people behave respectfully and responsibly within

theglobalnetwork(cf.figure7).A culture of changearisesandsodoesaharmonizedindividualism.


Figure 7: Individualism in a global network

Source: Wellman, Barry (2002): Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism: P.12, Fig. 1 (Three Models of Community and Work Social Networks)

Little Boxes Glocalization

Networked Individualism

Free action based on convictions, values, and visions arises. Real passion and enthusiasm for the

own action and the own, real value added become the core motivation for economic action. Investors

wanttofeelthebenefitlocally.Thisencouragesnewethicsofaction,whichareunderstoodglobally,based

onmutualrespect,equality,andequalopportunitiesaswellassimplicityandpragmatism.Personification,

empathy,andidentificationplayacrucialroleinprojectsasaconsequenceofthecloseness between those who act and those who are acted upon. Coherent projectsvitalizetheentireareainapprop-

riate amount. This holds true for local, regional, continental, and global level. People take responsibility for local action.

Lifeandeconomicactivity–aswellastheutilizationofenvironmentandresourcesthatcomeswiththem

– can be adapted to a level which is locally, and thus, globally acceptable in accordance with the regions’

local conditions.

7. Further challenges and outlook

Asmentionedabove,thesearefirstbasicthoughtsandapproachestotheconceptofregionalglobalism.

This paper is predominantly about direction and orientation.

Individualtermsweredefinedlooselyinthefootnotestosupportreadability.Whendealingmoreintensively

withthefootnotes,amoreprecisedefinitionisnecessary.16 A number of theoretical details has to be clari-

fied.Questionsregardingtheactualfeasibilityoftheconceptarose.17

Atfirstsight,itseemsdifficulttofindasympatheticearinsociety,politics,andtheeconomy.Consequently,

itisalsodifficulttofindacceptanceandapprovalforamoreelaboratedraftandimplementation.However,

a more elaborate draft should be possible based on the principles of the simplicity, comprehensibility, and

clearness.

Many things will change on this planet – with or without human action. As destroying our sources of life to

gain material wealth is not an alternative, we urgently have to act pragmatically. Preserving our sources of

life for future generations will be the reward for a common endeavor to act more responsibly.

16

17

E.g. dealing with existing indebtedness (private, corporate, public), tax system, migration, form of business organization, private pro-perty – public property, public goods and services, public safety

E.g. point of time of implementation, developments until a possible implementation, problems following an implementation, reaction of interest groups to these ideas (financial losses of bureaucrats, politicians, non-sustainable industries)


Acknowledgments

Everythingweperceiveisbasedonanidea,athought,aconviction.Iamconvincedthatweinfluencethe

world around us with our daily thinking. As a father, as an entrepreneur, and as forward-thinking person, I

amfullofhopeforabetterworldforeverysingleoneofus.IamconvincedthatIcaninfluencethefuture

with this paper.

I want to thank numerous people without whom this paper would not exist. I want to thank Mareike and

VinzentDreerfortheirlove,leniency,andthoughtfulnessaswellastheirconstantsupportofmywork.The

familiesDreerandBeschnidtgivemeanamazingfeelingofresponsibilityandforward-thinking.Iwantto

thank Rebecca Gebler, Johannes Schindler, and Wolfgang Kobold for their constructive criticism in the

discussion at Kirchdorfer Zirkel. As usual, I want to thank Robert Wurm for the layout.

These acknowledgments represent my appreciation for everyone’s support and encouragement throug-

hout this project.

Thank you all!

Copyright

Iampleasedifthispaperorpartsofitareusedand/orcopied.Ifyouquotethisarticle,directlyorindirectly,

be sure to indicate your source correctly.


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Senf, Bernd (2001): Die blinden Flecken der Ökonomie – Wirtschaftstheorien in der Krise; Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Mün-chen; ISBN-10: 3423362405

Stiglitz Joseph E. (2002): Globalization and its discontents; Penguin Books, London; ISBN: 0-713-99664-1

Wallraff, Günter (2009: Aus der schönen neuen Welt – Expeditionen ins Landesinnere; Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln; ISBN-10: 3462040499

Watts, Allan W. (1951): The Wisdom of Insecurity; Pantheon Books, New York; ISBN-10: 0394452267

Wellman, Barry (2002): Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism; Centre for Urban & Community Studies, Uni-versity of Toronto; [email protected]; Toronto Canada; in Pp. 10-25 in Digital Cities II: Computational and Sociological Approaches, edited by Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar and Toru Ishida. Berlin: Springer, 2002

World Economic Forum (2011): Global Risks 2011 – Sixth Edition: An initiative of the Risk Response Network; in collaboration with: Marsh & McLennan Companies, Swiss Reinsurance Company, Wharton Center for Risk Management, University of Penn-sylvania, Zurich Financial Services; 2011

References


Kirchdorf, June 2012

regional globalism

Documents

regional globalisma

human behavior

simple system

theory of regional globalism

term regional globalism

c regional globalism

economic systems

social systems