regional occupational program labor market study · also attend grooming schools and receive a...

Partner Districts

Labor Market Study

COASTLINE REGIONAL OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAM

.......... ..... ..... ......

..... ..... Newport-Mesa Unified School District

When APPLIED TECHNICAL LEARNINGis integrated with RIGOROUS ACADEMICS,

students develop the SKILLS NEEDED FOR SUCCESS.

The technical, academic and employability skills that students gain in Career Technical Education (CTE) programs, through CTE courses, work-based learning, career and technical student organizations and dual/concurrent enrollment, are essential for college and career success.

Every Scholar Needs a Skill

CTE programs prepare students for college and careers: '

The top 3 SKILLS and experiences that students report gaining in their CTE classes are:

t.SKILLS to

• •

f:ij REAL-WORLD

EXAMPLES help them get jobs in the future to help t hem understand

academic classes iii ~ The chance to work

as PART OF A TEAM

More than 8 8 percent of CTE students are planning to continue on to ostseconda education.

6 in 10 st udent s TTTTTT are planning to pursue a career related to the CTE area they are exploring in high school.

........... Almost 1 /J of CTE students ~ have the opportunity to earn college

credit and/or an industry certification through CTE.

CTE students demonstrate the academic, technical and employability skills needed for postsecondary and workplace success:

A. ### 80 percent of students taking a college prep academic ~~- curriculum with rigorous CT£ meet college and career ~ readiness goals, compared to only 63 percent of "', students taking the same academic core who did not ,. experience rigorous CTE.'

• / CTE students are significantly more likely to report

Irr developing problem-solving, project completion, research, work-related, communication, time management and critical-thinking skills during high school.'

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Students attending CTE high schools demonstrate higher rates of on-time graduation and credit accumulation and a greater likelihood of successfully finishing a college

~ prep math sequence.'

Postsecondary CT£ concentrators earn significantly more than those who majored in academic fields,

~ particularly when employed in an industry related ~ to their program of study.•

)N-, Olal. ThoAeade-e ~dC#t«andToctvw:::.,ISdloolt Ata,o Sl.dyol•La'9f lll'ba'I Sd'Jocl o.t'ld,, 2013 For more information about CTE, visit www-acteonline-org, 'taetct1' ,CTEPzlhqPfoW-,Ac.JdcnlKPClfcn.oMce«dlheTl'al'IIIOO,'lloCclcgoandC«OCf ~Rese.xd'!Cotak:tCTE,2007

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2019 Orange County Workforce Indicators Report

Agriculture & Natural Resources..........................................................................................................1-2

Arts, Media & Entertainment..................................................................................................................3-5

Building & Construction Trades.................................................................................................................6

Business & Finance..........................................................................................................................................7

Education, Child Development & Family Services..............................................................................8

Engineering & Architecture..................................................................................................................9-10

Health Science & Medical Technology..........................................................................................11-14

Hospitality, Tourism & Recreation..........................................................................................................15

Information & Communication Technology.......................................................................................16

Manufacturing & Product Development..............................................................................................17

Marketing, Sales & Services................................................................................................................18-19

Public Services..........................................................................................................................................20-21

Transportation.................................................................................................................................................22

Data Sources and Notes...........................................................................................................................................23

A provider of Career Technical Education

Prepared by Alita Salazar, Education and Partnership Development Specialist. January 2019 This report can be found at: www.coastlinerop.net/documents/Labor-Market-Study.pdf

Coastline Regional Occupational Program is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

Table of Contents (by Industry Sector)

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• COASTLINE REGIONAL OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAM 10P1t-Jr Si ,;inoo .c;tap.A.: a0\~2t.

http://www.coastlinerop.net/documents/Labor-Market-Study.pdf

65+

1.5% 2.1%

2.6% 3.2%

46% 52%

38%

OC is aging and becoming more diverse

largest group by 2060

Ages 17 & 27.3%of the population in 2010 to 16.7% in 2060

Ages 25-54 43% of the population in 2010 to 34.1% in 2060

Ages 55 & 22.5% of the population in 2010 to 40.7% of the population in 2060

2018 breakdown

40.4% White

34.2% Hispanic

20.3% Asian

1.6% African American

3.4% other

with Higher educational attainment than peer regions

Lowest High School Dropout Rate

TIED for highest rate of UC/CSU eligible graduates

RIVERSIDE

SAN DIEGO

1.5% ORANGE

SAN BERNARDINO

LOS ANGELES

RIVERSIDE

SAN DIEGO

52% ORANGE

and a strong, diverse economy

TOP OC JOB POSTINGS

2.8% 9,898

SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS 8,248

9,112RETAIL SALESPERSONS $68,519 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE SALES REPRESENTATIVES

WHOLESALE MANUFACTURING AVG. ANNUAL INDUSTRY

CLUSTER SALARY

8,101 REGISTERED NURSES

7,682 CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVES

>

2019 ORANGE COUNTY WORKFORCE INDICATORS REPORT

>

SAN BERNARDINO

52% LOS ANGELES

ORANGE COUNTY business council

2019 ORANGE COUNTY ORANGE COUNTY business council

WORKFORCE INDICATORS REPORT Percent of Students Meeting

English Language Arts and Math SAT Benchmark

65.6%/39.6% RIVERSIDE

80.8%/60.3% SAN DIEGO

79.7% / 62% ORANGE

69.4%/43.6% SAN BERNARDINO

64.3%/41.7% LOS ANGELES

Orange County Special Feature Highlights Millennials

While Millennials represented 21.2% of OC’s population,

over 7,000 moved out in 2017. Workforce Housing Percent of Population Who Can Afford Median Priced Home:

Increased Housing Supply Needed Mean Wage Earned By Renters: $20.22 / hour

People are Renters: 42.6% People Own Their Home: 57.4%

Avg. Time Renters Have to Work Each Week to Afford a Two Bedroom Apartment: 71 hours

37% RIVERSIDE

23% SAN DIEGO

20% ORANGE

49% SAN BERNARDINO

26% LOS ANGELES

Top Orange County Middle Skill Industries by Job Postings: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services: 7,141

Retail Trade: 7,695 Healthcare and Social Assistance: 19,264

Finance and Insurance: 10,907 Manufacturing: 9,590

Healthcare Information Technology Emerging Health IT occupations include Chief Medical Information Officer, Medical

Records and Health Information Technician, Nurse Informaticists, and Health Informatics

Director are growing rapidly in OC.

Importance of Community Colleges OC Community College’s enrolled almost 300,000 students in 2017 while supporting over 80,000 jobs

and providing $6.4 billion in economic impacts.

The Gig Economy Anywhere from 21.4 million to 57.3 million workers nationally had alternative work

arrangements or acted as freelancers in 2017. 63% of freelancers work independently by

choice, up 10 percent since 2014.

Middle Skills Orange County had an estimated 68,745

middle-skill job postings in 2017, representing 28% of all job postings and an increase of

9,999 or 17% since 2014.

Agriculture and Natural Resources Industry Sector Animal Science Pathway

Work-based learning course W

Course Title Animal Health Care Internship

Current and Future Employment Employment of veterinary technologists, technicians, and animal care service workers is projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Employment growth coupled with high job turnover should result in very good job opportunities.

Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to improve public health. They diagnose, treat, and research medical conditions and disease of pets, livestock, and other animals. Most work in private clinics and hospitals. Others work in laboratories or classrooms, or work for the government. Veterinarians must have a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from an accredited veterinary college and pass the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination.

Veterinary Technologist and Technicians perform medical tests under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian to assist in diagnosing the injuries and illnesses of animals. They work in private clinics, laboratories, and animal hospitals. Veterinary technologists and technicians must complete a postsecondary program in veterinary technology. Technologists need a bachelor’s degree, while technicians need an associate’s degree.

Animal Caretakers provide care for animals. They feed, groom, bathe, and exercise pets and other nonfarm animals. They are employed in a variety of settings, including kennels, zoos, stables, animal shelters, pet stores, veterinary clinics, and aquariums. Most animal care service workers have a high school diploma and learn the occupation on the job. Many employers prefer to hire candidates who have experience working with animals. Although pet groomers typically learn by working under the guidance of an experienced groomer, they can also attend grooming schools and receive a certificate after two years.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2016 2026

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Veterinarians 7,400 8,900 +20.3% 430 Increasing $49.38

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 9,200 11,100 +20.7% 970 Increasing $18.44

Animal Care Service Workers (trainers, groomers, kennel attendants, pet sitters)

24,600 31,100 +26.4% 4,790 Increasing $12.23

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Agriculture and Natural Resources Industry Sector Agriscience Pathway Sustainable Agriculture Pathway

UC/CSU Preparatory elective “g” requirement UC

Course Title Agricultural Aquaponics

Current and Future Employment Sustainable Agriculture is on the rise as the benefits of a green economy are becoming more widespread. Sustainable farming practices that do not depend on hazardous pesticides and herbicides are becoming more common and more desired by the public. Professionals in this industry will contribute to the reduced dependence on natural resources, such as fossil fuels and water use. A shift in California’s agricultural framework is on the forefront with the amount of small family owned farms declining. This change provides a niche for desirable small-scale farming opportunities that reduce consumer exposure to pesticides and herbicides, in addition to reducing their carbon footprint.

Agricultural and Food Science Technicians work alongside agricultural and food scientists in food, fiber, and animal research, production, and processing, and assist with animal breeding and nutrition. To improve yield and crop quality, technicians conduct tests and experiments in an effort to increase plant and animal resistance to disease or insects. Duties may also include assisting food scientists in the research and development of production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and use of foods. A technician’s license from the Department of Food and Agriculture is required for most positions.

Nursery and Greenhouse Workers grow horticulture products on land and in greenhouse facilities. Their common duties are planting, watering, pruning, weeding, and spraying trees, flowers, plants, and sod. They may also pack and fulfill orders, manage inventory of field-grown or containerized plants, trees, and flowers, and provide customer service to the public as needed. Most nursery and greenhouse workers learn through on the job training and do not require a certificate or college degree.

Soil and Plant Scientists conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests. Alternatively they may study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth and productivity. Soil and plant scientists need at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Agricultural and Food Science Technician 3,400 3,700 +8.8% 390 Increasing $16.61

Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 277,700 288,800 +4.0% 1,110 Increasing $11.02Soil and Plant Scientists 2,800 3,200 +14.3% 330 Increasing $30.01

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Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Design, Visual and Media Arts Pathway Game Design and Integration Pathway

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college UC

Course Titles Art of Animation Computer Graphics Entertainment Art Multimedia Communications Design Video Game Design Visual Imagery Web Site Development

Current and Future Employment Due to the region’s high and growing concentration of multimedia businesses such as digital visual effects companies, video game publishers, visualization studios, and website developers, the employment trend is generally positive. As of May 2018, over 150,000 workers in creative occupations in California are located in the Los Angeles and Orange County areas.

Multi-Media Artists and Animators create two- and three-dimensional models, animation, and visual effects for television, movies, video games, and other forms of media. Some focus on creating animated movies or video games, while others create visual effects for movies and television shows. Employers typically require a bachelor’s degree, and look for workers with a good portfolio of work and strong technical skills. Multi-media artists and animators most often have a bachelor’s degree in fine art, computer graphics, animation, or a related field.

Web Developers are responsible for the technical aspects of website creation. They build, customize, and manage Web content, and develop Web applications using programming languages and databases. They write the code, create the home page, and lay out pages. Web developers write custom scripts to make Web pages more dynamic and easier to navigate. A postsecondary degree in a computer-related field is desired but not required for most jobs; some employers may accept related experience and industry certifications.

Graphic Designers combine art and technology to communicate ideas through images and the layout of websites and printed pages. They develop the overall layout and production design for various applications such as advertisements, brochures, magazines, and corporate reports. A bachelor’s degree in graphic design or a related field is usually required.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Multi-Media Artists and Animators 26,900 29,500 +9.7% 2,460 Increasing $28.94Web Developers 27,800 33,700 +21.2% 2,720 Increasing $36.90Graphic Designers 36,800 39,400 +7.1% 3,750 Increasing $25.25

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Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Design, Visual and Media Arts Pathway Production and Managerial Arts Pathway

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

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Course Titles Art of TV & Video Production Broadcast News Film & Digital Media Studies Study of TV/Film Production

Current and Future Employment Job growth is projected due to a strong demand for more television shows and U.S. produced films from American and foreign audiences. Los Angeles and New York City have the largest concentration of motion picture production jobs and Orange County is home to many post production companies.

Camera Operators capture a wide range of material for TV shows, motion pictures, music videos, documentaries, news, and sporting events. Studio camera operators work in a broadcast studio and record their subjects from a fixed position. Cinematographers usually have a team of camera operators and assistants working for them when filming motion pictures. Videographers record private ceremonies or special events, such as weddings, and many run their own business or do freelance work. Most editor and camera operator positions require a bachelor’s degree in a field related to film or broadcasting, such as communication.

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians set up, operate, and maintain the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, sporting events, sound recordings, and movies. Duties may also include setting up and operating spotlights and specialty lighting systems. Audio and video equipment technicians, as well as sound engineering technicians, typically need a postsecondary certificate.

Broadcast Technicians set up, operate, and maintain the electrical equipment and radio transmitter for radio broadcasts and television programs. This also includes monitoring volume level, sound quality, and picture quality during broadcasts. They typically need postsecondary education depending on the work they perform. In addition to courses in math and science, coursework for prospective broadcast technicians should emphasize practical skills such as video editing and production management.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Camera Operators, Television and Motion Picture 8,300 8,400 +1.2% 790 Increasing $25.83

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 17,600 19,500 +10.8% 1,850 Increasing $17.78

Broadcast Technicians 4,700 4,800 +2.1% 430 Increasing $14.04

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Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Performing Arts Pathway Production and Managerial Arts Pathway

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college UC

Course Titles Music Technology Professional Dance Theater TechnologyCostume Design

Current and Future Employment The demand for performing arts productions is expected to rise. The job outlook varies greatly among occupations. These occupations are well suited for individuals with interests in the fine arts, design, production, and creative projects.

Sound Engineering Technicians use computer software to record, edit, and mix music. In addition, they set up, maintain, and operate equipment to produce music for concerts and soundtracks or radio and television programs. Sound engineering technicians typically need an associate’s degree. Because technology is constantly improving, technicians often enroll in continuing education courses and receive on-the-job training to become skilled in new equipment and software.

Dancers train to maintain high levels of technical proficiency, physical ability, and physical fitness and may pursue postsecondary education. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor’s degrees and/or master’s degrees in dance through the department of fine arts. Opportunities with performing arts companies and within the motion picture and video industries remain a common employment option. Dancers often move on to become choreographers or instructors.

Set and Exhibit Designers study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural style for special exhibits and movie, television, and theater sets. It is generally required for exhibit designers to hold a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field and have work experience in some aspect of the specific industry.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Sound Engineering Technicians 5,700 5,900 +3.5% 550 Increasing $31.61Dancers 1,500 1,700 +13.3% 230 Increasing $25.46Set and Exhibit Designers 4,200 4,400 +4.8% 410 Increasing $24.73

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Building and Construction Trades Sector Residential and Commercial Pathway

Work-based learning course Articulated with community college W

Course Titles Construction Technology Construction Technology Pre-Apprenticeship

Current and Future Employment The Orange County construction industry had the largest percentage growth over all other industries from 2010-2018 at 52.7%. With continued high demand in the residential housing sector, employment growth is expected to stay strong. The new, green economy is changing the face of construction with new types of jobs using new technologies and innovations on current practices. Solar panel installation or energy efficiency auditing are examples of new green jobs that build on skills that trained and qualified construction workers have had for years.

Specialty Trade Contractors usually work under the direction of a general contractor to carry out a component of an overall construction project. Specialty trade activities include pouring concrete, plumbing, painting, and electrical work. Specialty trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the construction site, although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work.

California Registered Apprenticeship Programs offer the most comprehensive form of training. Most apprenticeship programs require three to five years of training with between 2,000 and 8,000 hours of on-the-job training and 144 hours of related technical instruction. Apprentices emerge from the programs proficient in safety and environmental laws and regulations, first aid and CPR, mathematics, drafting, blueprint reading and other sciences connected with the trade. Programs often include training in diversity, sexual harassment, personal development, environmental remediation, and jobsite management.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings First-line supervisors/managers 55,100 65,100 +18.1% 6,720 Increasing $38.99Electricians 67,100 76,000 +13.3% 8,700 Increasing $27.46Plumbers 50,000 60,100 +20.2% 6,690 Increasing $26.33Carpenters 139,400 164,300 +17.9% 16,150 Increasing $26.27Construction Laborers 124,100 147,100 +18.5% 15,970 Increasing $18.43

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Business and Finance Sector Business Management Pathway Financial Services Pathway

Work-based learning course Articulated with community college W

Course Titles Business Internship Computerized Accounting

Current and Future Employment Due to increased public and private scrutiny of companies’ financial activities and ever-changing financial laws and regulations, the demand for accountants will be high. The accounting field is also closely tied to the health of the economy and as it grows and improves the need for accountants will follow suit. This is also accompanied by the potential risk of automation in entry level positions in this field.

Accountants and Auditors prepare and examine financial records. They ensure financial records are accurate and taxes are paid properly and on time. In addition, they assess financial operations and work to help ensure organizations run efficiently. Most accountant and auditor positions require at least a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field. Some employers prefer to hire applicants with a master’s degree, either in accounting or in business administration with a concentration in accounting. Of all Accountants and Auditors working in California, about 40,000 (30 percent) are Certified Public Accountants.

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They perform duties such as calculating, posting, and verifying primary financial data used in maintaining accounting records. Employers generally require bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks to have some postsecondary education, particularly coursework in accounting. However, some candidates can be hired with just a high school diploma. Job seekers with certifications or licensure, proficiency in accounting computer software or specialization have the best opportunities.

Tellers keep records, help customers, and carry out banking and financial transactions. They work in bank branches, credit unions, personal finance companies, and businesses with financing and credit offices. Customer service is an important component of this job as tellers can increase business by suggesting and selling additional services and maintaining positive customer report. A high school diploma is required and most learn their job duties through on-the-job training.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Accountants and Auditors 162,000 179,700 +10.9% 16,640 Increasing $34.76Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 203,100 203,900 +.4% 22,450 Stable $22.42

Financial Managers 73,800 89,800 +21.7% 7,530 Increasing $61.74Tellers 44,700 40,500 -9.4% 4,500 Decreasing $14.09

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Education, Child Development and Family Services Sector Child Development Pathway Education Pathway

Work-based learning course W

Course Titles Careers in Education Careers in Education (Docent Program) Careers with Children Cooperative Careers with Children Internship

Current and Future Employment Early childhood education is important for a child’s short- and long-term intellectual and social development. More preschool teachers will be needed as a result of the increasing demand for early childhood education in preparation for kindergarten.

K-12 School Teachers create and teach lesson plans for subjects, such as reading, science, social studies, andmath. In addition to earning a bachelor’s degree, they are required to complete a teacher preparation programand supervised student teaching. During their one year of student teaching, they work with a mentor teacherand gain experience teaching students in a classroom setting. Additional credentialing requirements must bemet, as well. Obtaining a master’s degree results in greater knowledge of instruction, higher salary, andincreased administrative or supervisory opportunities.

Preschool Teachers instruct preschool-age children in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth needed for primary school in preschools, and day care centers. They are required to have at least a high school diploma and a certification in early childhood education. Employers prefer to hire workers with at least some postsecondary education in early childhood education.

Childcare Workers often help care for preschool-age children. Childcare workers use play and other instructional techniques to help children’s development. They can also supervise school-age children before and after school. A high school diploma is required, and in some cases a postsecondary education in early childhood education desired. Workers with postsecondary education or an early childhood education credential may be qualified for higher level positions.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings High School Teachers 106,600 114,200 +7.1% 8,260 Increasing $86,130 YearlyElementary School Teachers 152,700 163,300 +6.9% 12,130 Increasing $86,030 YearlyPreschool Teachers 55,600 61,000 +9.7% 6,160 Increasing $15.33Childcare Workers 101,600 108,500 +6.8% 3,990 Increasing $13.08

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Engineering and Architecture Sector Architectural Design Pathway

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement UC

Course Titles Architectural Design I Architectural Design II

Current and Future Employment Employment of architects is expected to increase over the next several years especially for those with a sustainability background. As the green economy emerges and requires structures that are less impactful on the environment, architectural professionals in this area will be in demand.

Architects plan, design, and oversee the construction of buildings such as homes, office buildings, hotels, sports complexes, and other structural property. Their expertise can span a broad spectrum of structures but many focus on a specific areas such as public housing, healthcare, or retail. Architects must consider a client’s needs, wants, and budget to fulfill their building vision while also providing professional insight such as environmental sustainability. Architects must obtain a graduate’s degree in architecture through a program that is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board, participate in an internship, and pass the Architect Registration Exam and the California Supplemental Exam to receive licensure.

Architectural and Civil Drafters prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features, topographical maps, and relief maps used in construction and civil engineering projects such as pipelines, bridges, flood control projects and sewer systems. Their drawings are often completed using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD), drafting machines, or by hand. Architectural and civil drafters use components of engineering, architecture, and mathematics therefore employers prefer them to have completed training at a technical institute, community college, or four-year college.

Landscape Architects plan and design uses for land such as recreational facilities, airports, highways, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, residential and industrial sites. Landscape architects prepare plans and cost estimates, analyze data on land conditions, develop marketing materials and proposals, and inspect finished work to ensure codes and specifications are met. Employers prefer landscape architects have a bachelor’s degree but also value several years of work-related experience.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Architect 17,700 18,700 +5.6% 1,370 Increasing $37.72Architectural and Civil Drafters 15,100 16,600 +9.9% 1,480 Increasing $25.42Landscape Architect 3,500 3,700 +5.7% 270 Increasing $37.21

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Engineering and Architecture Sector Engineering Design Pathway


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Course Titles Introduction to Engineering Engineering Design Engineering Design and Development Engineering Innovations Introduction to Product Design & Engineering Principles of Engineering Rapid Product Development

Current and Future Employment The Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS) forecasts that, by 2026, California will have the largest Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) workforce in the nation. In Orange County, the average STEM hourly wage is $44.09, far above the average for all occupations at $27.19. The continued demand for engineers and related positons is found across all engineering disciplines and as technologies continue to evolve in the work place the need for STEM saavy individuals will continue to rise.

Materials Engineers evaluate resources and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Materials engineers must have a bachelor’s degree in materials science and engineering.

Engineering Technicians must have knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. Engineering technicians need an associate’s degree or a certificate from a community college or technical institute.

Drafters use software to convert the designs of architects and engineers into technical drawings. Many drafters are referred to as CAD operators. Their drawings provide visual guidelines, important technical details, and specifications for dimensions, materials, and procedures. Drafters generally need to complete an associate’s degree from a community college or technical institute.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Materials Engineers 3,400 3,600 +5.9% 270 Increasing $52.25Engineering Technicians 4,000 4,300 +7.5% 380 Increasing $28.18Drafters 1,200 1,300 +8.3% 110 Increasing $24.26

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Health Science and Medical Technology Sector Patient Care Pathway

Prepares students for industry certification Work-based learning course C W

Course Titles Dental Assistant Front Office Dental Assistant Back Office Dental Assistant Back Office Internship

Current and Future Employment Employment for dental occupations is projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Ongoing research linking oral health to general health will continue to spur demand for preventive dental services. Additionally, an aging baby-boomer population is projected to create a need for orthotic devices.

Dental Hygienists clean teeth, examine patients for signs of oral diseases, and provide other preventive dental care. Dental hygienists need an associate’s degree in dental hygiene. Programs typically take three years to complete and prepare students for state licensure. Almost one-third of Dental Hygienists have bachelor’s degree.

Dental Assistants perform many tasks, ranging from providing patient care and taking x-rays to recordkeeping and scheduling appointments. Most accredited dental assistant programs take approximately one year to complete and lead to a certificate or diploma. Two-year postsecondary programs through community colleges lead to an associate’s degree. Certification as a registered dental assistant (RDA) expands the scope of work dental assistants are allowed to perform and increases their career opportunities.

Dental Laboratory Technicians construct, fit, or repair appliances and devices, including dentures, veneers, and crowns. Most dental laboratory technicians learn their skills through on-the-job training. They may begin pouring plaster for impressions to make a model, and advance to making porcelain crowns and bridges. High school students should take courses in science, math, computer programming, and art.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Dental Hygienists 21,800 25,400 +16.5% 1,740 Increasing $44.89Dental Assistants 49,100 57,200 +16.5% 1,970 Increasing $17.13Dental Laboratory Technicians 4,700 5,500 +17.0% 220 Increasing $19.74

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Prepares students for industry certification Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

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Course Titles CNA (Pre-Certification) Internship Introduction to Medical Careers

Medical Core Medical Nursing Careers Internship

Current and Future Employment Healthcare was one of the few Orange County industries to experience growth during the Great Recession and currently for every ten workers, one is employed in the industry. Healthcare offers a wide range of occupations, from entry-level positions to positions requiring specialized education training at wages commensurate with the county’s high cost of living. Due to technological advances new occupations are emerging, especially where Healthcare and Information Technology come together.

Registered Nurses (RN) assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. They may advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Registered nurses usually take one of three education paths: a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN), an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN), or a diploma from an approved nursing program. They must also be state licensed.

Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) provide basic nursing care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics. They work under the direction of registered nurses and doctors. Postsecondary education is required in a state approved program, commonly found in community colleges and technical schools. State licensure is required, and attainment of advanced level certifications are desirable.

Medical Assistants (MA) complete administrative and clinical tasks in the offices of physicians, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities. Employers typically require some postsecondary education or training. These programs usually lead to a certificate or diploma. Classroom and clinical or laboratory portions include lessons in anatomy and medical terminology.

Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA) help provide basic care for patients in hospitals and residents of long-term facilities such as nursing homes. CNAs must complete a state-approved education program in which they learn the basic principles of nursing and complete supervised clinical work. After completing the program, they must take and pass a state administered competency exam.

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Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Registered Nurses 282,000 327,800 +16.2% 10,470 Increasing $42.70Licensed Vocational Nurses 69,400 81,200 +17.0% 3,240 Increasing $25.78Medical Assistants 84,800 109,600 +29.2% 3,920 Increasing $16.69Certified Nursing Assistants 102,700 118,500 +15.4% 4,170 Increasing $14.25

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Course Titles Sports Medicine & Athletic TrainingSports Medicine Advanced Sports Medicine Internship W

Current and Future Employment More sophisticated treatments and advances in injury prevention and detection are projected to increase the demand for athletic trainers. Other occupations, such as physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, closely related to the study of sports medicine are projected to increase with an aging population.

Athletic Trainers specialize in preventing, diagnosing, and treating muscle and bone injuries and illnesses. Athletic trainers need at least a bachelor’s degree from a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited college or university, and almost 70 percent have a master’s degree.

Occupational Therapy Assistants help patients develop, recover, and improve the skills needed for daily living and working. Occupational therapy assistants are directly involved in providing therapy to patients and work under the direction of occupational therapists. Occupational therapy assistants need an associate’s degree from an accredited program typically offered by community colleges. In addition to course work, at least 16 weeks of fieldwork is required to gain hands-on experience.

Physical Therapist Assistants work under the direction and supervision of physical therapists. They help patients who are recovering from injuries and illnesses regain movement and manage pain. Physical therapist assistants must have at least an associate’s degree from an accredited physical therapist assistant program. In addition, they are required to pass the National Physical Therapy Exam for therapist assistants.

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Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings

Athletic Trainers 1,700 2,100 +23.5% 140 Increasing $54,900 Yearly

Occupational Therapy Assistants 1,900 2,500 +31.6% 330 Increasing $27.70Physical Therapist Assistants 5,200 6,800 +30.8% 870 Increasing $29.34

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Course Titles Medical Terminology Pharmacy Technician Pharmacy Technician Internship

Current and Future Employment The employment outlook continues to be strong for healthcare related occupations. Employment for pharmacy technicians is projected to increase, due in part to the expanded role of the pharmacist to perform more patient care activities, thus requiring technicians to take on an expanded role and perform task formerly done by pharmacists.

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians organize and manage health information data. They ensure that the information maintains its quality, accuracy, accessibility, and security in both paper files and electronic systems. A high school diploma and previous experience in a healthcare setting are enough to qualify for some positions, but most jobs require a postsecondary certificate and associate’s degree in health information technology.

Pharmacy Technicians help pharmacists dispense prescription medication to customers or health professionals. They work under the direction of a licensed pharmacist in retail pharmacies, grocery stores, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities. California licensed pharmacy technicians must have a high school diploma and pass a criminal background check. In addition, they must meet one of the following education requirements: (1) obtain an associate’s degree in pharmacy technology, (2) complete a course of training specified by the California State Board of Pharmacy, (3) graduate from a board recognized School of Pharmacy, or (4) obtain certification by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board by passing the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam.

Medical Assistants perform administrative and certain clinical duties. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintain medical records, billing, and coding for insurance purposes. Although there are not formal educational requirements for becoming a medical assistant, employers prefer to hire assistants with a postsecondary education or a certificate.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 21,300 24,700 +16.0% 1,700 Increasing $23.05

Pharmacy Technicians 35,300 40,400 +14.4% 3,410 Increasing $16.86Medical Assistants 84,800 109,600 +29.2% 3,920 Increasing $16.69

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Hospitality, Tourism and Recreation Sector Food Service and Hospitality Pathway Hospitality, Tourism, and Recreation Pathway

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course Prepares students for industry certification

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Course Titles Baking & Pastry Fundamentals Culinary Arts Culinary Arts (Advanced) Culinary Arts Internship

Exploring Culinary Arts Food Services Cooperative Hotel & Tourism Internship

Current and Future Employment Orange County is one of America’s top tourist destinations; approximately 49.4 million visitors spent $13.5 billion in 2017 and supported over 130,000 jobs. Tourism occupations have surpassed total jobs growth in Orange County and California overall, and are expected to continue. Entry-level tourism occupations develop valuable transferable skills, such as customer service, which can be stepping-stones to higher paying occupations either in tourism directly or in other related industries.

Lodging Managers ensure the establishment is run efficiently and profitably. Most full-service hotel chains hire candidates with a bachelor’s degree in hospitality or hotel management.

Food Service Managers are responsible for the daily operation of restaurants and other establishments that prepare and serve food and beverages. They coordinate activities of the kitchen and dining room staff to ensure that customers are served properly and in a timely manner. Although a bachelor’s degree is not required, some postsecondary education is increasingly preferred for managerial positions, especially in hotels.

Chefs and Head Cooks oversee the daily food preparation, direct kitchen staff, and handle any food-related concerns. Although postsecondary education is not required for chefs, many attend programs at community colleges, culinary art schools, or four-year colleges.

Front Desk Clerks accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests. Most employers require at least a high school diploma and look for service-oriented people.

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Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Lodging Managers 6,100 6,800 +1.5% 710 Increasing $28.37Food Service Managers 54,000 61,700 +14.3% 6,860 Increasing $25.16Chefs and Head Cooks 20,300 23,200 +14.3% 2,970 Increasing $22.90Front Desk Clerks 25,500 28,900 +13.3% 1,480 Increasing $13.27

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Information and Communication Technology Sector Software and Systems Development Pathway Information Support and Services Pathway

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UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course Advanced Placement Course

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Course Titles AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles Computer Programming

Exploring Computer Science Microsoft ToolsProgramming and Robotics

Current and Future Employment Information Technology (IT) continues to evolve at a pace rarely seen in any industry around the world. Orange County’s geographical location and strong business community have made it a hub for IT firms. However, IT firms in the area report a lack of qualified individuals who possess both the broad IT skill set and business acumen needed. IT occupations provide both high salaries and employment growth, which is slated to continue over the next decade. The decrease in the need for computer programmers is due in part to technological changes in the programming field that now require less programmers who complete routine work. Outsourcing of programming jobs to other countries is also a contributing factor.

Computer Programmers create, modify, and test the code, forms, and script that allow computer applications to run. They turn the program designs created by software developers and engineers into instructions that a computer can follow. Most programmers have an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in computer science. In addition, programmers can become certified in specific programming languages.

Computer Network Support Specialists help IT staff analyze, troubleshoot, and evaluate computer network problems to ensure optimal operation. Educational requirements vary with the level of responsibility, but many employers prefer applicants with an associate degree and those that have completed computer related courses.

Electro-mechanical Technicians combine knowledge of mechanical technology with knowledge of electrical and electronic circuits. They operate, test, and maintain unmanned, automated, robotic, or electro-mechanical equipment. The necessary knowledge and education for employment is gained through an associate’s degree program in electro-mechanical engineering technology, as well as certificate programs.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Computer Programmers 40,500 38,600 -4.7% 1,070 Decreasing $41.90Computer Network Support Specialists 20,100 22,500 +11.9% 1,170 Increasing $34.06

Electro-mechanical Technicians 24,500 26,300 +7.3% 2,330 Increasing $27.46

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Manufacturing and Product Development Sector Machining and Forming Technologies Pathway

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Course Titles Manufacturing Engineering Technology Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Advanced) Manufacturing and Engineering Internship

Current and Future Employment Advanced Manufacturing sets itself apart from traditional “smokestack” manufacturing through its high tech products and efficient manufacturing process. Over 72 percent of Orange County manufacturing falls under this category. As automation and digital supply chain management become standard across manufacturing companies, advanced manufacturing will continue to evolve and become more complex. Top trends in advanced manufacturing impacting the workforce include 3-D printing, and high-speed computerized numerical control (CNC) machining.

CNC Machine Tool Operators operate computer-controlled machines or robots to perform one or more machine functions on metal or plastic work pieces. In addition to formal education, employers seek CNC machine operators with experience in the field. Such hands-on experience may be gained through the lab courses offered as part of certificate or associate’s degree programs. Certification from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills, Inc. (NIMS) is recommended.

Numerical Tool and Process Control Programmers develop programs to control machining or processing of metal or plastic parts by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. Mastery in the use of sophisticated machines and software such as CAD/CAM, SolidWorks, and CNC machinery software is a necessity. Programmers usually follow one of the following NIMS accredited training programs: formal apprenticeships, community college programs, certificate programs, or extensive on-the-job training.

Machinists set up and operate a variety of computer-controlled and mechanically-controlled machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments. They may also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures. Some community colleges have two-year programs that teach design and blueprint reading, use of welding and cutting tools, and the programming and function of CNC machines.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings CNC Machine Tool Operators 11,500 11,900 +3.5% 1,190 Increasing $17.43Numerical Tool and Process Control Programmers 2,600 3,200 +23.1% 340 Increasing $26.75

Machinists 35,500 37,000 +4.2% 3,770 Increasing $21.21

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Marketing Sales and Service Sector Professional Sales Pathway

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Course Titles Diversified Service Careers Internship Marketing Principles Retail & Service Careers Cooperative Retail Sales & Merchandising Internship

Current and Future Employment The retail sector occupies a prominent place in the economy at both the national and local levels. Orange County retailers generate an enormous number of jobs that provide employment for individuals across a wide range of skill and income levels.

Retail Sales Supervisors monitor the work of sales-related workers, cashiers, and customer service representatives. Retail supervisors and managers are generally responsible for interviewing, hiring, and training employees. They also prepare work schedules and assign workers to specific jobs. Their responsibilities may include purchasing, budgeting, accounting, or responding to customer inquiries or complaints. Retail managers put company policies and security procedures into effect. Many employers prefer to hire first-line supervisors with a high school diploma or equivalent. Large retail chains may offer company-sponsored formal management trainee programs that include classroom and on-site training.

Customer Service Representatives interact with customers to handle complaints, process orders, and provide information about an organization’s products and services. Although customer service representatives are employed in nearly every industry, many work in telephone call centers, credit and insurance agencies, banks, and retail stores. Customer service representatives typically need a high school diploma and receive on-the-job training to learn the specific skills needed for the job. In certain industries, such as finance and insurance, customer service representatives must be licensed.

Retail Salespersons help customers find what they are looking for, provide information on products’ features, and conduct financial transactions. Employers look for new hires to be at least 16 years old with good customer service and verbal communication skills. However, most employers require at least a high school diploma or the equivalent, especially for salespersons who sell technical and more expensive items. A college degree may be required for management trainee positions, especially in larger retail establishments. Generally, retail salespersons receive on-the-job training lasting a few days to a few months.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Retail Sales Supervisors 152,400 157,300 +3.2% 4,140 Increasing $19.38Customer Service Representatives 215,400 228,700 +6.2% 7,970 Increasing $17.69Retail Salespersons 452,300 456,100 +.8% 19,470 Increasing $11.65

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Marketing Sales and Service Sector Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Pathway

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Course Titles Entrepreneurship Sports & Entertainment Marketing Virtual Enterprise

Current and Future Employment One of Orange County’s greatest attributes is its vibrant entrepreneurial climate, considered among the best in the nation. A strong network of small businesses and an abundance of resources reflects the county’s entrepreneurial spirit. At the close of 2017, small businesses (0-4 employees) comprised 67 percent of the businesses in Orange County.

Entrepreneurs choose to become self-employed for many reasons, including greater independence and flexibility. But they also consider the downsides, such as the long hours and lack of benefits. As part of the decision-making process, those considering self-employment should weigh the pros and cons of starting a business, along with reasons for seeking self-employment. One of the most important requirements for self-employment, business experts say, is having the technical skills and knowledge you need to do the work you want to do. Other technical skills, such as bookkeeping and marketing, are helpful for operating a business. These technical skills can be acquired in a class at school, with the help of a mentor, or independently. Higher education, although not a prerequisite for success, is often useful.

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists are responsible for creating surveys, conducting focus groups, and analyzing the data that is gathered. They use statistical procedures to analyze the data to help their employer or client understand the wants and needs of the consumers. Once the data has been collected and analyzed, they write reports and give presentations on their findings. Job prospects are best for those with a master’s degree or higher.

Public Relations Specialists create and maintain a favorable public image for the organization they represent. They design media releases to shape public perception of their organization and to increase awareness of its work and goals. Public relations specialists typically need a bachelor’s degree. Employers prefer candidates who have studied public relations, journalism, communications, English, or business. Internships at public relations firms or in the public relations departments of other businesses can be helpful in getting a job as a public relations specialist. Some employers prefer candidates have experience communicating with others through a school newspaper or a leadership position in school or in their community.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 95,600 122,700 +28.3% 13,130 Increasing $31.26

Public Relations Specialists 26,500 29,500 +11.3% 2,980 Increasing $31.47

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Public Services Sector Public Safety Pathway

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Course Titles Administration of Justice Crime Scene Investigation

Current and Future Employment More opportunities are expected in local police departments than in federal and state law enforcement agencies. Because of attractive salaries and benefit packages, there is a larger supply of qualified applicants than there are jobs in federal and state law enforcement agencies, resulting in increased hiring standards and selectivity by employers. Stiff competition exists for higher paying jobs with state and federal agencies in more affluent areas.

Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, and protect life and property in an assigned patrol district. Police and sheriff candidates must graduate from their agency’s training academy before completing a period of on-the-job training. Large municipalities will hire 21-year-old applicants with a high school diploma. However, applicants with military police experience or a college degree, with an emphasis in police science, have the best opportunities. Many community colleges, four-year colleges, and universities offer programs in law enforcement and criminal justice.

Forensic Science Technicians collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. They perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to an investigation, and may testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. Technicians need at least a bachelor’s degree in a natural science, such as chemistry or biology, or in forensic science.

Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers, commonly called public safety dispatchers or 911 operators, take calls for police, fire, or ambulance assistance, and dispatch emergency personnel and vehicles. If certified for emergency medical services, the dispatcher may provide medical instruction to those on the scene of the emergency until the medical staff arrives. Completion of the 120-hour POST-certified Safety Dispatchers’ Basic Course is the entry-level training requirement for dispatchers employed by most agencies.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers 69,700 73,200 +5.0% 2,770 Increasing $50.54Forensic Science Technicians 2,000 2,300 +15.0% 280 Increasing $41.57Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers 6,700 7,200 7.5% 670 Increasing $32.70

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Public Services Sector Emergency Response Pathway

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Course Titles Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Fire Science 101

Current and Future Employment Most job openings will be created by the need to replace firefighters who retire, transfer to supervisory positions, or leave the field for other reasons. Firefighting occupations attract many job seekers because the work is challenging, a high school diploma is sufficient for entry, and pensions are offered upon retirement. The number of qualified applicants is usually greater than the number of job openings in Orange County.

Fire Inspectors and Investigators examine buildings to detect fire hazards and ensure that federal, state, and local fire codes are met. Fire inspectors and investigators work both in offices and the field to determine the cause of fires and explosions through examination, analysis and fact gathering. Because fire inspectors and investigators typically have previous work experience as a firefighter or police officer, many have completed a postsecondary educational program for emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Some employers prefer candidates with a two- or four-year degree in fire science, engineering, or chemistry.

Firefighters control and put out fires, and respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Prospective firefighters must pass written and physical tests, complete a series of interviews, a background check, and complete training at a fire academy. Applicants can improve their employment opportunities by completing a firefighting program at a community college, and by obtaining Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) certification.

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) respond to emergency calls, perform medical services and transport patients to medical facilities. Job opportunities are best with private ambulance services. The EMTs who have advanced education and certifications, such as paramedic-level certification, should enjoy the most favorable job prospects, as clients demand higher levels of care before arriving at the hospital. EMTs must pass both the written and practical parts of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT).

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Fire fighting and Prevention Workers Supervisors 2,200 2,300 +4.5% 150 Increasing $48.51

Firefighters 29,600 31,100 +5.1% 2,110 Increasing $37.06Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 18,500 22,400 +21.1% 1,580 Increasing $12.06

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Transportation Sector Systems Diagnostics, Service and Repair Pathway

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Course Titles Automotive Technology Automotive Technology Internship Automotive Technology Pre-Apprenticeship

Current and Future Employment The need for automotive service technicians will remain very strong as the number of vehicles in operation increases, reflecting the continued growth in the number of multi-car families. Job opportunities in this occupation are expected to be very good for persons who complete automotive training programs in high school, vocational and technical schools, or community colleges. Persons with good diagnostic and problem-solving abilities, and whose training includes basic electronics and computer courses, have the best opportunities. Persons without formal automotive training are likely to face competition for entry-level jobs. Most persons who enter the occupation can expect steady work, even through downturns in the economy. Employment growth will continue to be concentrated in automobile dealerships and independent automotive repair shops.

Automotive Service Technicians inspect, repair, and maintain automobiles and other gasoline, diesel, or alternate-fueled vehicles. Today’s automobiles are run by complex computers and integrated electronic systems. The work of automotive service technicians has progressed from mechanical repair into a high-technology job. The advances in automotive technology create a need for workers who can use computerized shop equipment and work with electronic components while maintaining their skills with traditional hand tools. Due to the complexity of today’s automotive technology, most employers prefer to hire employees with a high school diploma who have completed a postsecondary vocational or community college automotive technician training program.

Bus and Truck Mechanics repair and maintain heavy duty vehicles used in transportation and elsewhere. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists will play an important role in the emerging green economy. They will assist in reducing the environmental impacts of vehicle emissions while increasing fuel efficiency. Mechanics’ work has become increasingly complex as vehicles are using alternative fuels and more electronic components. Mechanics need to keep abreast with the latest developments in technology. To keep current, they can take advantage of training programs offered by professional associations or take classes at local community colleges or trade schools.

Occupational Title



Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings


Median Hourly

Earnings Automotive Service Technicians 74,100 79,600 +7.4% 2,440 Increasing $21.91Bus and Truck Mechanics 23,100 26,100 +13.0% 850 Increasing $23.30

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Data Sources

2018 Economic Outlook and Forecasts. (2018). Retrieved from CSUF Mihaylo College of Business and Economics: http://business.fullerton.edu/Center/EconomicAnalysisAndForecasting/#Reports

2019 Orange County Workforce Indicators Report. (2018). Retrieved from Orange County Workforce Investment Board: http://ocwib.org/

2018 OCBC Annual Report. (2018). Retrieved from Orange County Business Council: http://www.ocbc.org/

2019 Orange County Workforce Indicators Report: Key Findings. (2018) Retrieved from Orange County Business Council: https://www.ocbc.org/research/workforce-indicators-report/

ACTE-NRCCUA College and Career Ready Infographic.pdf. (2016, March). Retrieved from Association for Career & Technical Education: www.acteonline.org

California Occupational Guides. (2018). Retrieved from California Employment Development Department : http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/occguides/

Career Exploration and Job Analysis. (2018). Retrieved from O*NET Online: http://www.onetonline.org/

OC Community Indicators 2018. (2018, July). Retrieved from Orange County Community Indicators Project: http://www.ocgov.com/about/infooc/facts/indicators

Occupational Outlook Handbook. (2018, April). Retrieved from Buereau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/

Regional Economic Analysis Profile - Orange County. (2018)). Retrieved from California Employment Development Department: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/Regional_Economic_Analysis_Profiles.html

Data Notes

Median Hourly Earnings are based on 2017 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data for the Santa Ana, Anaheim-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division.

Projected Annual Job Openings refers to the average annual job openings due to growth and net replacement in California as anticipated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

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http://business.fullerton.edu/Center/EconomicAnalysisAndForecasting/%23Reports

http://ocwib.org/

http://www.ocbc.org/

https://www.ocbc.org/research/workforce-indicators-report/

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/occguides/

http://www.onetonline.org/

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/Regional_Economic_Analysis_Profiles.html

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